African swine fever: A most important transboundary animal disease of pigs of recent times in India and lessons learnt for addressing other exotic transboundary animal diseases
This document discusses prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease, a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. It defines the disease and outlines its etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and prevention and control strategies. Prevention focuses on strict biosecurity measures regarding animal movement, facilities, equipment, and people. Control involves surveillance, vaccination, quarantine, and culling infected or exposed animals. Vaccination can help control outbreaks but has disadvantages like short-term immunity and limited protection against different virus strains. Early detection and rapid response are critical to control disease spread.
African Swine Fever: Nature, Impacts and Threats to the Global Pig Industry Garry D. Lasaga
In August 2018, African Swine Fever (ASF), one of the world’s most feared swine infection made headlines as it hit for the first time ever, the world’s largest pig producer – China. This review paper summarizes the current state of knowledge and very recent updates on ASF.
Recent Advances in Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth DiseasePervaiz Dar
This document discusses recent advances in diagnosing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). It covers the importance of timely FMD diagnosis, the diagnostic window period, and methods for clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Key laboratory diagnostic techniques discussed include virus detection methods like real-time PCR and sequencing to identify FMD virus serotypes and lineages. Rapid pen-side diagnostics using lateral flow devices, infrared thermography and portable PCR platforms are also summarized. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) provides a sensitive molecular diagnostic alternative in a portable, lab-on-card format. The conclusion calls for increasing molecular diagnostics in Kashmir to identify circulating strains and support vaccine selection and monitoring.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Strength and weaknesses of fmd control programme going on in india dr. kale b...Bhoj Raj Singh
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating disease in many of the developing countries including India despite control programs. The FMD in India is associated with loss of about Rs. 20000 crores per annually. Government of India and different provincial governments are spending hundreds of crore rupees per year to control the disease. The FMD control programme (FMD-CP) is running in India since more than 13 years but control of the FMD is still far away dream and the Disease is regularly visiting even the government farms managed by the India's leading Veterinary and Dairy Institutes. The pros and cons of FMD-CP has been discussed in the presentation.
Ongoing disease control programmes in indiaBhoj Raj Singh
Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries sectors play an important role in the national economy and in the socio-economic development of the country. Livestock sector alone contributes 4.11% towards overall National GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. The biggest impediment to growth of this sector, however, is the large-scale prevalence of diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Brucellosis, Black Quarter (BQ) in cattle, Enterotoxaemia, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) & Sheep-Goat Pox in sheep and goats and Swine Fever in pigs, which drastically affect the productivity of animals. The presence of this disease not only deters the domestic economy but also foreign investment in the livestock sector. Although India have been free from disease like Rinderpest, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), presence of other economically important disease still threaten the very roots of livestock sector. This presentation describes various control programs that have been introduced by the Government of India, nationwide for controlling the infectious diseases of animals that have been or should be targeted for eradication or elimination, direct and indirect benefits from control programs, drawback issues and opportunities for the future.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
Etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
This document discusses prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease, a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. It defines the disease and outlines its etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and prevention and control strategies. Prevention focuses on strict biosecurity measures regarding animal movement, facilities, equipment, and people. Control involves surveillance, vaccination, quarantine, and culling infected or exposed animals. Vaccination can help control outbreaks but has disadvantages like short-term immunity and limited protection against different virus strains. Early detection and rapid response are critical to control disease spread.
African Swine Fever: Nature, Impacts and Threats to the Global Pig Industry Garry D. Lasaga
In August 2018, African Swine Fever (ASF), one of the world’s most feared swine infection made headlines as it hit for the first time ever, the world’s largest pig producer – China. This review paper summarizes the current state of knowledge and very recent updates on ASF.
Recent Advances in Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth DiseasePervaiz Dar
This document discusses recent advances in diagnosing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). It covers the importance of timely FMD diagnosis, the diagnostic window period, and methods for clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Key laboratory diagnostic techniques discussed include virus detection methods like real-time PCR and sequencing to identify FMD virus serotypes and lineages. Rapid pen-side diagnostics using lateral flow devices, infrared thermography and portable PCR platforms are also summarized. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) provides a sensitive molecular diagnostic alternative in a portable, lab-on-card format. The conclusion calls for increasing molecular diagnostics in Kashmir to identify circulating strains and support vaccine selection and monitoring.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Strength and weaknesses of fmd control programme going on in india dr. kale b...Bhoj Raj Singh
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating disease in many of the developing countries including India despite control programs. The FMD in India is associated with loss of about Rs. 20000 crores per annually. Government of India and different provincial governments are spending hundreds of crore rupees per year to control the disease. The FMD control programme (FMD-CP) is running in India since more than 13 years but control of the FMD is still far away dream and the Disease is regularly visiting even the government farms managed by the India's leading Veterinary and Dairy Institutes. The pros and cons of FMD-CP has been discussed in the presentation.
Ongoing disease control programmes in indiaBhoj Raj Singh
Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries sectors play an important role in the national economy and in the socio-economic development of the country. Livestock sector alone contributes 4.11% towards overall National GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. The biggest impediment to growth of this sector, however, is the large-scale prevalence of diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Brucellosis, Black Quarter (BQ) in cattle, Enterotoxaemia, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) & Sheep-Goat Pox in sheep and goats and Swine Fever in pigs, which drastically affect the productivity of animals. The presence of this disease not only deters the domestic economy but also foreign investment in the livestock sector. Although India have been free from disease like Rinderpest, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), presence of other economically important disease still threaten the very roots of livestock sector. This presentation describes various control programs that have been introduced by the Government of India, nationwide for controlling the infectious diseases of animals that have been or should be targeted for eradication or elimination, direct and indirect benefits from control programs, drawback issues and opportunities for the future.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
Etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which affects cattle and water buffalo. It is characterized by fever, skin nodules, swollen lymph nodes, and reduced milk production. Transmission occurs through arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and flies. Diagnosis involves collecting blood, skin samples, or semen from infected animals showing symptoms like nodules and fever. Treatment focuses on isolation, supportive care, and prevention of secondary infections. Controlling vectors and movement of animals from infected areas are important for prevention along with vaccination of healthy animals near outbreak sites.
This document summarizes a study on the prevalence of parvo virus infection in dogs seen at a mobile veterinary consultancy service in Lalitpur, Nepal between 2015-2016. The key findings are:
1) Of the 3674 total canine cases, 455 (12%) were diagnosed with parvo virus infection. German Shepherds made up the majority of cases.
2) Puppies between 1-4 months of age were most susceptible to infection.
3) The months of Baishakh and Jestha saw the highest number of parvo virus cases, likely due to favorable climate conditions for virus spread.
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is caused by a picornavirus with multiple serotypes. The virus is transmitted through direct contact or contact with infected animals/materials. Clinical signs include fever and blister-like lesions in the mouth and on the feet. Diagnosis involves identifying lesions, virus isolation from samples, and serological tests. Treatment focuses on supportive care while prevention relies on quarantine, vaccination, and good biosecurity practices.
Animal Disease Control Programs in India.pptBhoj Raj Singh
India is a hyperendemic country for many animal diseases and zoonotic diseases. Every year billions of rupees are spent on disease control, surveillance, monitoring, and vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases. However, due to the failure of most animal disease control programs for one or other reasons India directly losses about 20 and 25 thousand crores annually due to endemicity of FMD & brucellosis, respectively. The presentation describes the pros and cons of different ongoing disease control programs going on in India.
This document provides information about Classical Swine Fever (CSF), a highly contagious viral disease affecting pigs. It describes the epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis and prevention of the disease. CSF is present worldwide and can cause severe economic losses in swine farming. The causative agent is a pestivirus from the Flaviviridae family. Clinical signs vary depending on the strain virulence and host factors, and may include fever, hemorrhages, vomiting and high mortality rates. Post-mortem lesions include hemorrhages in lymph nodes and organs and characteristic "button ulcers" in the intestine. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, antigen detection and serology tests. Controlling outbreaks requires
Canine distemper is a contagious viral disease of dogs caused by the canine distemper virus. It is characterized by two phases - a visceral phase with fever, nasal and ocular discharge, diarrhea, and skin lesions. This is followed by an encephalitic phase with neurological signs like seizures and paralysis. Microscopic examination shows inclusion bodies in tissues like lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and nervous system. There is demyelination and inflammation in the brain. While it primarily affects puppies, adult dogs may later develop old dog encephalitis with severe lymphocytic inflammation in the brain. Diagnosis involves identifying clinical signs, lesions on post-mortem, and demonstration of viral antigen or
Blue tongue is a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne viral disease of sheep, goat, cattle and deer, with a worldwide distribution. Initially, the disease was reported in sheep in South Africa in 1881 and it was ascribed as “epizootic catarrh”. In 1905, the disease was renamed as “blue tongue”. In India, the first outbreak of blue tongue disease in sheep and goat was reported by Sapre (1964) from Maharashtra. It is listed under category ‘A’ of disease by OIE. The presence of this disease disrupts international commerce by putting a trade barrier on the movement of animals, their germplasm as well as animal products (OIE Bulletin, 1998).
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is caused by an aphthovirus from the family Picornaviridae. The virus can be transmitted between animals through direct contact or contact with contaminated materials. Clinical signs include blisters and sores in the mouth and on the feet. Young animals are more susceptible to death from myocarditis. Farmers are advised to promptly isolate and report suspected cases of foot and mouth disease to prevent its spread.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) Globally and in India.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
LSD has emerged as a dairy industry devastating disease in India in the last four years. First noticed in Orrisa and is now present all over India. Recurring outbreaks are now noticed in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and other states indicating that the disease is becoming endemic in India.
Foot and mouth disease: An Indian perspectiveBhoj Raj Singh
FMD is an economically important disease of cloven-footed animals. It causes an estimated loss of Rs. 20-22 thousand crores per year to livestock owners in India. To control the disease, DAHDF of India launched a National FMD Control Program (FMD-CP) in 2003 with an outlay of about Rs. 500 crores a year by Central Government and each state government also invested an equally good amount of money. The program is ongoing all over India. However, results are humiliating and harassing. We are almost at the same spot from where we started 15 years back in 2003.
The document discusses the significance of bovine mastitis and methods for diagnosing mastitis. It notes that mastitis causes losses in milk production and quality, additional treatment costs, and premature culling. The most important methods for diagnosing mastitis involve examining the animal, udder, and milk through visual inspection, palpation, strip cup testing, and analyzing milk characteristics like pH, chloride levels, somatic cell count, and enzyme levels. Key tests discussed include the California Mastitis Test, Surf Field Mastitis Test, and measuring somatic cell count and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity.
Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that affects multiple carnivore species. It is characterized by fever, respiratory and gastrointestinal issues, and neurological complications. While vaccination has reduced cases, it remains a major disease. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and infected bodily fluids. Puppies and unvaccinated dogs are most at risk. Treatment focuses on supportive care, though the virus can cause lasting issues in survivors. Widespread vaccination is important to control the disease.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) causes two clinically distinct diseases: Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), seen predominantly in cattle aged 6-18 months as a primary infection, and Mucosal Disease (MD), a sporadic and fatal disease that occurs in persistently infected (PI) cattle. BVDV is transmitted from PI cattle that continuously shed large amounts of virus. Infection can cause reproductive losses, congenital defects, and respiratory/gastrointestinal disease. Diagnosis is done through virus isolation, antigen detection, PCR, and serology of paired samples. There is no treatment for BVDV infection.
Enterotoxemia is caused by Clostridium perfringens type D bacteria. It occurs commonly in young lambs and kids and is characterized by diarrhea, depression, and nervous signs. The bacteria produces alpha and epsilon toxins that damage the intestinal epithelium, causing necrosis and toxemia. Clinical signs include fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and neurological signs such as tremors and convulsions. Treatment involves antibiotics, antitoxin serum, supportive therapy, and prevention through gradual diet changes and vaccination.
Malignant catarrhal fever is a fatal disease of cattle characterized by inflammation of the nasal and oral mucosa, eye issues like keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, dehydration, and enlarged lymph nodes. It is caused by ovine herpesvirus-1 and alcelaphine herpesvirus-2 which are transmitted from wildbeast to cattle over 2-8 weeks. Clinical signs include nasal and ocular discharge, mouth sores, skin lesions, and high fever. There are no reliable diagnostic tests. Prevention focuses on limiting contact between susceptible cattle and natural virus hosts like sheep and wildebeest.
Pox diseases are caused by viruses in the family Poxviridae. Poxviruses that affect animals include sheep pox virus, goat pox virus, and vaccinia virus. Sheep pox and goat pox viruses cause significant disease in sheep and goats, characterized by fever and pox lesions on skin and mucous membranes. The diseases can spread rapidly between animals through direct contact or indirect contact with contaminated materials. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic lesions and isolating virus from samples. Vaccines are available and used to control outbreaks.
www.petsgroomingtips.com is one of the front-runners in providing complete digital information to the pet owners, which would guide theme through various process of grooming their beloved kids. A shabby puppy or kitten not only appears dirty but soon infested with disease if not treated properly. Our various tutorials and free PDF guides cover every aspect of the grooming process.
GALVmed is a public-private partnership focused on improving access to animal health medicines for poor livestock keepers in Africa and South Asia. It aims to develop, register, and launch 4-6 new vaccine, pharmaceutical, or diagnostic products by 2015. GALVmed works with research institutions and partners in developing countries on product development, registration, production, and sustainable delivery of these new products. It focuses on priority diseases affecting cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. Current programs include vaccine development projects for diseases such as East Coast Fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, and peste des petits ruminants.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which affects cattle and water buffalo. It is characterized by fever, skin nodules, swollen lymph nodes, and reduced milk production. Transmission occurs through arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and flies. Diagnosis involves collecting blood, skin samples, or semen from infected animals showing symptoms like nodules and fever. Treatment focuses on isolation, supportive care, and prevention of secondary infections. Controlling vectors and movement of animals from infected areas are important for prevention along with vaccination of healthy animals near outbreak sites.
This document summarizes a study on the prevalence of parvo virus infection in dogs seen at a mobile veterinary consultancy service in Lalitpur, Nepal between 2015-2016. The key findings are:
1) Of the 3674 total canine cases, 455 (12%) were diagnosed with parvo virus infection. German Shepherds made up the majority of cases.
2) Puppies between 1-4 months of age were most susceptible to infection.
3) The months of Baishakh and Jestha saw the highest number of parvo virus cases, likely due to favorable climate conditions for virus spread.
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is caused by a picornavirus with multiple serotypes. The virus is transmitted through direct contact or contact with infected animals/materials. Clinical signs include fever and blister-like lesions in the mouth and on the feet. Diagnosis involves identifying lesions, virus isolation from samples, and serological tests. Treatment focuses on supportive care while prevention relies on quarantine, vaccination, and good biosecurity practices.
Animal Disease Control Programs in India.pptBhoj Raj Singh
India is a hyperendemic country for many animal diseases and zoonotic diseases. Every year billions of rupees are spent on disease control, surveillance, monitoring, and vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases. However, due to the failure of most animal disease control programs for one or other reasons India directly losses about 20 and 25 thousand crores annually due to endemicity of FMD & brucellosis, respectively. The presentation describes the pros and cons of different ongoing disease control programs going on in India.
This document provides information about Classical Swine Fever (CSF), a highly contagious viral disease affecting pigs. It describes the epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis and prevention of the disease. CSF is present worldwide and can cause severe economic losses in swine farming. The causative agent is a pestivirus from the Flaviviridae family. Clinical signs vary depending on the strain virulence and host factors, and may include fever, hemorrhages, vomiting and high mortality rates. Post-mortem lesions include hemorrhages in lymph nodes and organs and characteristic "button ulcers" in the intestine. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, antigen detection and serology tests. Controlling outbreaks requires
Canine distemper is a contagious viral disease of dogs caused by the canine distemper virus. It is characterized by two phases - a visceral phase with fever, nasal and ocular discharge, diarrhea, and skin lesions. This is followed by an encephalitic phase with neurological signs like seizures and paralysis. Microscopic examination shows inclusion bodies in tissues like lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and nervous system. There is demyelination and inflammation in the brain. While it primarily affects puppies, adult dogs may later develop old dog encephalitis with severe lymphocytic inflammation in the brain. Diagnosis involves identifying clinical signs, lesions on post-mortem, and demonstration of viral antigen or
Blue tongue is a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne viral disease of sheep, goat, cattle and deer, with a worldwide distribution. Initially, the disease was reported in sheep in South Africa in 1881 and it was ascribed as “epizootic catarrh”. In 1905, the disease was renamed as “blue tongue”. In India, the first outbreak of blue tongue disease in sheep and goat was reported by Sapre (1964) from Maharashtra. It is listed under category ‘A’ of disease by OIE. The presence of this disease disrupts international commerce by putting a trade barrier on the movement of animals, their germplasm as well as animal products (OIE Bulletin, 1998).
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is caused by an aphthovirus from the family Picornaviridae. The virus can be transmitted between animals through direct contact or contact with contaminated materials. Clinical signs include blisters and sores in the mouth and on the feet. Young animals are more susceptible to death from myocarditis. Farmers are advised to promptly isolate and report suspected cases of foot and mouth disease to prevent its spread.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) Globally and in India.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
LSD has emerged as a dairy industry devastating disease in India in the last four years. First noticed in Orrisa and is now present all over India. Recurring outbreaks are now noticed in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and other states indicating that the disease is becoming endemic in India.
Foot and mouth disease: An Indian perspectiveBhoj Raj Singh
FMD is an economically important disease of cloven-footed animals. It causes an estimated loss of Rs. 20-22 thousand crores per year to livestock owners in India. To control the disease, DAHDF of India launched a National FMD Control Program (FMD-CP) in 2003 with an outlay of about Rs. 500 crores a year by Central Government and each state government also invested an equally good amount of money. The program is ongoing all over India. However, results are humiliating and harassing. We are almost at the same spot from where we started 15 years back in 2003.
The document discusses the significance of bovine mastitis and methods for diagnosing mastitis. It notes that mastitis causes losses in milk production and quality, additional treatment costs, and premature culling. The most important methods for diagnosing mastitis involve examining the animal, udder, and milk through visual inspection, palpation, strip cup testing, and analyzing milk characteristics like pH, chloride levels, somatic cell count, and enzyme levels. Key tests discussed include the California Mastitis Test, Surf Field Mastitis Test, and measuring somatic cell count and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity.
Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that affects multiple carnivore species. It is characterized by fever, respiratory and gastrointestinal issues, and neurological complications. While vaccination has reduced cases, it remains a major disease. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and infected bodily fluids. Puppies and unvaccinated dogs are most at risk. Treatment focuses on supportive care, though the virus can cause lasting issues in survivors. Widespread vaccination is important to control the disease.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) causes two clinically distinct diseases: Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), seen predominantly in cattle aged 6-18 months as a primary infection, and Mucosal Disease (MD), a sporadic and fatal disease that occurs in persistently infected (PI) cattle. BVDV is transmitted from PI cattle that continuously shed large amounts of virus. Infection can cause reproductive losses, congenital defects, and respiratory/gastrointestinal disease. Diagnosis is done through virus isolation, antigen detection, PCR, and serology of paired samples. There is no treatment for BVDV infection.
Enterotoxemia is caused by Clostridium perfringens type D bacteria. It occurs commonly in young lambs and kids and is characterized by diarrhea, depression, and nervous signs. The bacteria produces alpha and epsilon toxins that damage the intestinal epithelium, causing necrosis and toxemia. Clinical signs include fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and neurological signs such as tremors and convulsions. Treatment involves antibiotics, antitoxin serum, supportive therapy, and prevention through gradual diet changes and vaccination.
Malignant catarrhal fever is a fatal disease of cattle characterized by inflammation of the nasal and oral mucosa, eye issues like keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, dehydration, and enlarged lymph nodes. It is caused by ovine herpesvirus-1 and alcelaphine herpesvirus-2 which are transmitted from wildbeast to cattle over 2-8 weeks. Clinical signs include nasal and ocular discharge, mouth sores, skin lesions, and high fever. There are no reliable diagnostic tests. Prevention focuses on limiting contact between susceptible cattle and natural virus hosts like sheep and wildebeest.
Pox diseases are caused by viruses in the family Poxviridae. Poxviruses that affect animals include sheep pox virus, goat pox virus, and vaccinia virus. Sheep pox and goat pox viruses cause significant disease in sheep and goats, characterized by fever and pox lesions on skin and mucous membranes. The diseases can spread rapidly between animals through direct contact or indirect contact with contaminated materials. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic lesions and isolating virus from samples. Vaccines are available and used to control outbreaks.
www.petsgroomingtips.com is one of the front-runners in providing complete digital information to the pet owners, which would guide theme through various process of grooming their beloved kids. A shabby puppy or kitten not only appears dirty but soon infested with disease if not treated properly. Our various tutorials and free PDF guides cover every aspect of the grooming process.
Similar to African swine fever: A most important transboundary animal disease of pigs of recent times in India and lessons learnt for addressing other exotic transboundary animal diseases
GALVmed is a public-private partnership focused on improving access to animal health medicines for poor livestock keepers in Africa and South Asia. It aims to develop, register, and launch 4-6 new vaccine, pharmaceutical, or diagnostic products by 2015. GALVmed works with research institutions and partners in developing countries on product development, registration, production, and sustainable delivery of these new products. It focuses on priority diseases affecting cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. Current programs include vaccine development projects for diseases such as East Coast Fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, and peste des petits ruminants.
FAO‐ECTAD network and control strategy for ASFILRI
Presented by Bouna Diop and Sam Okuthe at the Closing workshop of the BecA‐ILRI‐CSIRO‐AusAID project on Understanding ASF epidemiology as a basis for control, Nairobi, Kenya, 2‐3 October 2013
Foot and Mouth Disease: Turkey recent developments in the region and outlooksFAO
Outlook achievement the WestEurasia Roadmap including
Recent Developments in the Region (Practical Epidemiology for Progressive Control (PepC))
Outlook gaps on the control of FMD in the Region (EARLY DETECTION / WELNET FMD)
Dr Nahit Yazıcıoğlu
President, Roadmap Advisory Group
Head of Animal Health and Quarantine Department
GDFC, MoFAL, TURKEY
Pestes des Petit Ruminants Thermostable VaccineHillary Hanson
Scientific and Technical Partnerships in Africa: Technologies, Platforms, and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
ILRI’s key programs to address infectious diseases, areas requiring internati...ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee, Edward Okoth, Bernard Bett and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development, Seoul, South Korea, 22 November 2022.
Dr. Jim Logan - Emergency Response Preparedness: Considerations for the Small...John Blue
Emergency Response Preparedness: Considerations for the Small Ruminant Industry - Dr. Jim Logan, State Veterinarian, Wyoming Livestock Board, from the 2016 NIAA Annual Conference: From Farm to Table - Food System Biosecurity for Animal Agriculture, April 4-7, 2016, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2016_niaa_farm_table_food_system_biosecurity
Plantwise + IPPC side event at CPM9 in Rome- April 2, 2014CABIslides
The document discusses linkages between the Plantwise program and national plant protection organizations (NPPOs). Plantwise establishes plant clinics to provide farmers with advice on pest management and collects pest data, while NPPOs are responsible for official pest reporting and protecting agricultural resources from pests. The two organizations work together in several ways: plant clinic data can inform NPPO surveillance and pest status reporting; clinics help disseminate information to farmers; and NPPOs may provide diagnostic support and training. Moving forward, improved data sharing and stakeholder coordination could help both organizations fulfill their goals of supporting sustainable agriculture and global food security.
Vaccines and diagnostics—The case for regional One Health centres of excellence ILRI
Vaccines and diagnostics are important tools for One Health approaches to address livestock diseases. Case studies on the East Coast fever vaccine and Newcastle disease vaccine show that while vaccines can be effective, widespread adoption by smallholder farmers faces challenges. Diagnostic tests developed by ILRI for tick-borne diseases have had high impact, though it is difficult to directly attribute impacts. The presentation concludes that while vaccines intuitively could have large scale impacts, enabling adoption among smallholders and pastoralists is difficult, and that disease insights require infrastructure investments for diagnostics.
Panel - Stop, Move, Depop and Disposal - What Happens in the Event of a Forei...John Blue
Stop, Move, Depop and Disposal - What Happens in the Event of a Foreign Animal Disease? - Dr. Beth Thompson, Minnesota Board of Animal Health; Dr. Marie Culhane, University of Minnesota; David Preisler, CEO, Minnesota Pork Producers Association, from the 2020 Minnesota Pork Congress, held January 28 - 29, 2020, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_5bHW6MgRAxDHcrbY42-xvfSZdMGNdQD
Introduction of African swine fever activities in VietnamILRI
Presentation by Hu Suk Lee at an international workshop on veterinary epidemiology hosted by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, South Korea, 17 June 2020.
Quantification of economic losses associated with respiratory infections in U...ILRI
This study quantified economic losses from respiratory diseases in pigs in Uganda. Researchers monitored 150 pigs on 80 farms over one year, recording input costs, growth rates, and exposure to pathogens. Preliminary results found that Porcine circovirus 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus caused major economic losses, reducing production by 12-23%. The study aims to generate evidence to support disease control strategies like vaccination and improve livelihoods of smallholder pig farmers in Uganda.
FMD-PCP workshop IZSLT - Update on the Implementation of the Global FMD Contr...EuFMD
Update on the Implementation of the Global FMD Control Strategy & 2nd Edition of the PCP Principles - Samia Metwally
On Behalf of GF-TADs FMD Working Group
The document summarizes India's AEFI (Adverse Events Following Immunization) Surveillance System. It discusses the significance, objectives, scope, organizational structure, stakeholders, data sources, operational guidelines, annual reporting trends, communication strategies, and quality management system of India's AEFI surveillance efforts. The system aims to ensure vaccine safety, maintain public confidence, and identify potential safety issues to inform programmatic and regulatory actions. Key aspects include passive surveillance of all vaccines in public and private sectors, online reporting of serious AEFIs, annual reporting of over 1500 serious AEFIs, and expanding the system for COVID-19 vaccination monitoring.
The document discusses how CGIAR is applying a One Health approach to address COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics through agricultural research. CGIAR is conducting research to understand disease drivers, improve diagnostics and surveillance, strengthen biosecurity, and promote cross-sector collaboration. This includes ILRI repurposing its lab to process COVID-19 tests in Kenya and advising Ethiopia on testing strategies. A One Health approach that considers the interactions between human, animal and environmental health could help reduce disease emergence and save billions by limiting future pandemics according to economic analyses.
African Swine Fever (ASF) control: An entry point for enhancing human welfare...ILRI
Presented by Richard Bishop, Jocelyn Davies, Cynthia Onzere, Steve Kemp, Vish Nene, Guenther Keil, Marisa Arias and Edward Okoth at the ILRI BioSciences Day, Nairobi, 27 November 2013
Similar to African swine fever: A most important transboundary animal disease of pigs of recent times in India and lessons learnt for addressing other exotic transboundary animal diseases (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
African swine fever: A most important transboundary animal disease of pigs of recent times in India and lessons learnt for addressing other exotic transboundary animal diseases
1. African swine fever: A most important transboundary animal disease of
pigs of recent times in India and lessons learnt for addressing other
exotic transboundary animal diseases
Ram Pratim Deka
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
International Symposium on Zoonotic and Transboundary Diseases
Meghalaya, India
1–2 December 2022
2. African swine fever (ASF)
• A notifiable transboundary viral disease of swine of all ages, caused by ASFV, a
member of genus Asfivirus
• In India, the disease was first reported in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh,
Northeast India in April 2020
• Affects all age groups of pigs, both domestic and wild
• Mortality may go up to 100%
• No treatment or vaccine available till date
• Not a zoonosis
2
4. Timeline required in Assam to address ASF
4
Lot of unusual
mortality of pigs
in Dhemaji & few
other Districts
First tentative
diagnosis by AAU
Regular
diagnosis
started at
NERDDL
Confirmed
diagnosis by
NIHSAD
Fund allocation
for culling &
compensation
5. Govt. of India - ASF control initiatives
5
ASF
control
initiatives
Advisories to states on
ASF outbreak
National Action Plan
(ASF)
Surveillance
Zoning
Movement control
Action plan for
containment zones
Culling & compensation
Safe disposal of carcass
Cleaning & disinfection
Animal quarantine &
movement control at
checkpoints
Sentinel pig introduction
50% of compensation fund
allocated under ASCAD
6. Govt. of Assam - ASF control initiatives
6
Drafted State Action Plan (ASF)
Organised community awareness & training
programme
Conducted cleaning and disinfection drive
Conducted surveillance & diagnosis
Initiated culling & compensation
7. ICAR-NRCP, ALPCo & AAU-ASF control initiatives
7
ICAR-NRCP & ICAR-NIHSAD
• Diagnosis
• Training
• Extension text
• Disinfection
• App development
• Advisory support
AAU
• Diagnosis
• Training
• Extension text
• Awareness camps
• Advisory support
8. ILRI under World Bank aided APART project supporting the state
8
Risk assesment study Brochures- Assamese & English Biosecurity infrastruture
Awareness & training State level workshop on ASF Regional level policy workshop
on ASF
Brought international ASF
experts from FAO, CISA-INIA,
UAB etc.
10. Challenges faced in addressing ASF in Assam
10
Challanges
Inadequate
collaborative
actions
Intra & inter
departmental
Interstate cum
country & state
Standard practices
not customised to
our context
Farming system
Biosecurity
Disease
management
Slow pace of every
action
Difficulty in culling
& compensation
Fund allocation to a new
activity is a time-
consuming process
Administrative & socio-
political issues
Unabated smuggling,
slaughter & selling
Delay in disease
diagnosis &
reporting
Poor surveillance
mechanism
Poor access to
diagnostic & lab
Poor knowledge &
capacity
Faulty sampling,
sample collection,
zoning etc.
Poor access to
money,
manpower &
materials
Poor motivation &
poor realization of
urgency
Under reporting
Lack of advance
planning &
preparation
11. Few other transboundary animal diseases (TADs) in India
11
• Lumpy skin disease
• Peste des petits ruminants
• Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
• Blue tongue
• Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A
• Classical swine fever
• Foot-and-mouth Disease
12. A lesson for future to address any emerging TAD
12
Control
&
management
planning
Initiate meticulous planning while TAD knocks the door of neighbour
Review other countries experience & make customised plan
Develop system and protocol for every important action possible
Allocate financial resources for the emerging TAD or develop a corpus fund
Build awareness & capacity among different level of Vets of state departments
Order some lab consumables and make few labs ready to test & ask the epidemiological unit to design
surveillance programme
Initiate surveillance programme in bordering areas with instruction to report any suspected sign/s
within 24 hours
Put the disease management actions standby
Keep the target of restricting the disease within one or couple of km radius by immediate prompt
action
13. • Disease is inevitable
• Lessons learnt from present outbreaks of African swine fever and lumpy skin
disease should be good enough to address future outbreaks of any emerging
transboundary animal disease
• Every passing day adds burden to disease management
• Pace of every action is critical; needs to work timely and decisively
“Preparation through education is less costly than learning through tragedy”
-Max Mayfield
Conclusion
13
14. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org
Thank you