Tilapia epidemiology and health economics online survey tool
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Jerome Delamare-Deboutteville, Partho Pratim Debnath, Shimaa E Ali, Mona Dverdal Jansen, Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan
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Tilapia epidemiology and health economics online survey tool
- 1. Jerome Delamare-Deboutteville, Partho Pratim Debnath, Shimaa E Ali, Mona Dverdal Jansen, Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan Tilapia epidemiology and health economics online survey tool
- 2. Tilapia contributing significantly to global production Tilapia is the second most farmed fish in the world after carps
- 3. Top 10 tilapia producers 2000 – 1.27 million tonnes of tilapia produced worldwide 2015 – 6.4 million tonnes, value USD 9.8 billion worldwide (FAO, 2017) Year 2015 (‘000 tonnes)
- 4. Disease Is one the major constraint to aquaculture growth and is the current focus of the FAO Sub-committee on Aquaculture Disease outbreaks happen when there is sufficient cause (principles of epidemiology) Sufficient cause = necessary cause (pathogen) + several component causes (risk factors)
- 5. Research gap Relating to: • fish health • disease occurrence • treatment uses • diagnostic services • health economic Hamper surveillance and disease control efforts Absence of accurate baseline data
- 6. Tilapia epidemiology and health economics Online survey tool Overcome these shortcomings
- 7. Survey tool
- 8. Data collection offline Multiple surveys can be collected and stored offline
- 9. Description of the innovation • Shift from single pathogen, single disease, single pond approach • Studying disease in large population to give required statistical power for the evidence generated • It demystifies disease causation and quantify disease related direct and indirect losses • It helps to better understand disease emergence and spread • To identify factors associated with disease ponds (risk factors) and factors associated with healthy ponds (BMPs) at population level • If combined with rapid and presumptive diagnostics, epidemiology provides evidence to make responsible real time health management decisions • Creates centralized database for tilapia epidemiology and health economics
- 10. Survey modules 1. Enumerator information 2. Consent 3. Location 4. Units 5. Farmer/production system information 6. Water management & practices 7. Stock type 8. Feed & fertilizer 9. Stocking information 10. Shared water body 11. Water quality parameters 12. Biosecurity 13. Baseline mortality records 14. Handling of dead fish 15. Treatment use(s) 16. Unusual mortality information 17. Disease & laboratory investigation 18. Economics 19. Feral/wild tilapia mortality 20. Supporting photograph evidences 21. Additional notes 22. End of the survey
- 11. Training of enumerators On average training takes 2-3 days WorldFish and NVI designed guidelines on how to: • interpret questions from the survey • interact with farmers • install the application on a tablet or cell phone • download the form from server • enter and review data • submit forms online
- 12. Syndromic surveillance – clinical signs
- 13. Survey used in Egypt and Bangladesh Egypt 110+ farms Bangladesh 550+ farms Survey tool ready for use in other WorldFish focal and scaling countries can be adapted to other species in Bangladesh, Myanmar, India, Africa etc.
- 14. • Need for constant monitoring of the quality of data entry as they come • This is critical to conduct good epidemiological analyses and modelling to identify risk factors. This can be done remotely by data specialist and epidemiologist Challenge with large survey
- 15. Web-based dashboard for monitoring submitted data
- 16. Web-based dashboard for monitoring submitted data
- 17. Web-based dashboard for monitoring submitted data
- 18. Suggestions and recommendation for scaling Key scaling mechanisms • For release to new countries, tool needs slight modification to suit local contexts • Extend to other fish species like carps, catfish etc. • Financial resources for: • Capacity building of partners in focal and scaling countries • Technical support, training to learn tool & implement survey • Perform epidemiological analysis of data • Integration with national aquatic animal health strategies of countries (e.g. Bangladesh) By 2021 • Used in all WorldFish focal and scaling countries in Asia and Africa • Tilapia epidemiology and health economics better understood
- 19. Thank You In partnership with
Editor's Notes
- Good afternoon everyone, my name is Jerome, I work for WorldFish based in Penang Malaysia. Today I will give you a quick presentation about our tilapia epidemiology and health economics online survey tool we developed in partnership with the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. Yesterday you would have seen the presentation of my colleague Shimaa Ali on her results using this survey in Egypt and from Partho Debnath who presented his 2017 results from Bangladesh using an earlier simplified version of the tool I am about to describe.
- As most of you know, tilapia is the second most important finfish species group cultured worldwide in terms of volume, after carp, contributing significantly to global production, food and nutrition security
- According to figures from the FAO (2017) There are over 140 countries or regions reported to culture tilapia Egypt and Bangladesh are the third and fourth largest tilapia producers, respectively, after China and Indonesia. In 2000 – 1.27 million tonnes of tilapia produced worldwide In 2015 – 6.4 million tonnes produced globally and valued at USD 9.8 billion accounting for 7.4% of global aquaculture production in 2015 (2.89% in 1995).
- Disease is one of the major constraint to aquaculture growth and is the current focus of the FAO Sub-committee on Aquaculture Disease outbreaks happen when there is sufficient cause (Principles of epidemiology) Sufficient cause = Necessary cause (pathogen) + several component causes (risk factors) In most developing countries, mitigation of disease includes stocking more fish to offset the losses, which actually makes the problem worse, and antibiotic treatments lead to antimicrobial resistance
- Absence of accurate baseline data relating to fish health, disease occurrence, treatment uses, diagnostic services and health economic hamper surveillance and disease control efforts in a fragmented sector composed of hundreds of thousands of small scale farmers
- To overcome some of these shortcomings, and generate background data upon which trends and emerging issues may be assessed, the CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems (FISH) led by WorldFish in partnership with the Norwegian Veterinary Institute has developed a Tilapia epidemiology and health economics online survey tool.
- We have developed our tool using the Open Data Kit (ODK) collect application of the Kobo toolbox platform that produces free open-source software for collecting, managing, and using data in resource-constrained environments. It is simpler and faster to use than pen and paper based surveys, reducing data entry errors as it mostly uses multiple choice answers, yes/no answers, with limited free text entries. Survey is translated in the local language using most commonly used terms easily understood by farmers facilitating analyses down the track ODK is compatible with Android devices including mobile phone, tablets and can also be accessed directly from a computer browser
- Survey tool allows data collection to be conducted offline into mobile phone/tablet, which allows completion of multiple surveys without the need of an internet connection. Data can be reviewed by enumerators at convenient times before submitting/uploading surveys to online databases when they have access to internet connection points.
- So what is our innovation? The survey tool allows Shift from single pathogen, single disease, single pond approach Studying disease in large population to give required statistical power for the evidence generated It demystifies disease causation and quantify disease related direct and indirect losses It helps to better understand disease emergence and spread To identify factors associated with disease ponds (risk factors) and factors associated with healthy ponds (BMPs) at population level If combined with rapid and presumptive diagnostics, epidemiology provides evidence to make responsible real time health management decisions Creates centralized database for tilapia epidemiology and health economics
- The survey tool is designed to collect data on a range of information including: disease prevalence baseline/abnormal mortality background information from a production system its workforce (gender data disaggregation) production parameters (inputs/outputs) key economic indicators and operational procedures (e.g. pond preparation, biosecurity measures), health management practices (e.g. use of chemical/antibiotics/vaccines) and if any existing diagnostic services in place.
- On average, enumerators are trained in 2-3 days before visiting farm/hatchery in pairs. With One asking the questions and the other one entering farmer answers into the digital survey on a phone or tablet. WorldFish and NVI designed guidelines on: how enumerators should interpret questions of the survey and how they should interact with farmers how to install the application on a tablet or cell phone how to download the specific form from the server how to enter and review the data And how to submit their forms online
- One said a picture can be worth a 1000 words As part of our survey, we are collecting information from farmers on any clinical signs they observed from their farmed tilapia population. In order to facilitate uniformity of data collection we developed a document with pictures of the major clinical signs in tilapia. So far we have translated this tool in 6 languages. It has proven to be very useful to get the rapid, accurate and consistent information from farmers
- STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT The Online tool has ben Pilot tested (Bangladesh and Egypt) Staffs and enumerators trained (Bangladesh and Egypt) Survey Used in Bangladesh (550+ samples) and Egypt (110+ samples) Ready for use in other WorldFish focal and scaling countries Can be adapted to other species in Bangladesh, Myanmar, India, Africa etc. In fact we will adapt and use the tool for a future USAID project in south Nigeria. And I am looking to discussing the use of this tool in India with Pravata and Neeraj
- We have developed a prototype of an interactive web-based dashboard for viewing submitted data in real time. These next three slides show you the current version of the dashboard displaying some results from our Bangladeshi dataset. The dashboard was introduced to farmers and scientists during a workshop in Bangladesh and received overall good feedbacks as a potential useful tool to communicate results to different stakeholders.
- Key scaling mechanisms For release to new countries, tool needs slight modification to suit local contexts Extend to other fish species like carps Financial resources for capacity building of partners in focal and scaling countries Technical support, training of partners to learn tool & implement survey Perform epidemiological analysis of data Integration with national aquatic animal health strategies of countries (e.g. Bangladesh) By 2021 Used in all WorldFish focal and scaling countries in Asia and Africa where tilapia farming contributes significantly to livelihoods, local economy and nutrition. Tilapia epidemiology and health economics better understoo