Antimicrobials 1 Lec
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This document summarizes beta lactam antibiotics and other cell wall-active antibiotics. It discusses the history, structure, mechanisms of action, and classifications of penicillins. It provides details on specific penicillins including their spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, dosages and adverse effects. The document covers key classes of beta lactam antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and other cell wall synthesis inhibitors.
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BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
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Historical Background
Classification
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Structural Activity Relationship
Mechanism of Action
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Classification
Mechanism of Action
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MONOBACTAMS
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Key points
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- Penicillins are a major class of antibiotics that were the first discovered from the mold Penicillium. They work by inhibiting the final step of bacterial cell wall synthesis through binding to penicillin-binding proteins. This disrupts cell wall formation and causes cell lysis.
- There are different generations/classes of penicillins that vary in their spectra of activity and resistance to bacterial beta-lactamases. Oral forms are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract while injectable forms provide more sustained drug levels. Adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal issues.
Fundamentals antimicrobial agents
The document summarizes key information about penicillin, including its history of discovery, structure, mechanisms of action, resistance, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects. Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered from mold and works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins and inhibits the final transpeptidation step in peptidoglycan synthesis, disrupting cell wall formation.
antibioticsmechanismsofactions-150428084652-conversion-gate02.pdf
This document discusses antibiotics, including their sources, roles, mechanisms of action, and classifications. It describes the main types and classes of antibiotics, focusing on their targets in bacteria and how they inhibit critical processes like cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, membrane function, and nucleic acid synthesis. Key points include: antibiotics can be naturally produced by microorganisms or synthetically produced, and are classified based on their structure, function, and spectrum of activity. The major classes discussed are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis (beta-lactams, glycopeptides, fosfomycins), protein synthesis (aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines), membrane function (polymyxins), antimetabolites
Antibiotics & mechanisms of actions
The document discusses antibiotics, including their sources, roles, classification, and mechanisms of action. It focuses on several classes of antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis or protein synthesis. It describes how penicillins and cephalosporins inhibit the final stage of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls. It also discusses how other drugs like glycopeptides, fosfomycins, and aminoglycosides act on bacterial cell components and physiological processes. The classification, mechanisms of action and spectra of several classes of protein synthesis inhibitors are outlined as well.
_beta-lactam antibiotics M pharmacy Pharmacology
Beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin and cephalosporins act by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall. They do this by binding to penicillin-binding proteins and blocking the final cross-linking step of peptidoglycan synthesis. Bacteria can develop resistance through beta-lactamase production or modifications of penicillin-binding proteins. Newer drugs and beta-lactamase inhibitors have been developed to counteract resistance mechanisms. Common side effects include diarrhea and hypersensitivity reactions.
Antibiotics and its mechanism of action
Antibiotics are chemical substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. They can be classified based on their source (natural, semisynthetic, synthetic), spectrum of activity (broad or narrow), or mechanism of action. Common mechanisms include inhibition of cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and cell membrane function. Examples provided include penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, and metronidazole.
PBP2a
a presentation introduced as a step of internship MCRI for Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department in Faculty Of Pharmacy, ASU.
Penicillin's
Penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis. This disrupts cell wall formation and causes cell lysis and death. While effective against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, resistance can develop through beta-lactamase production or modifications of PBPs. Different penicillins have varying spectra of activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and resistance profiles that determine their clinical applications.
Penicillin
Penicillin is obtained from the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum and contains a beta-lactam ring that provides its antibacterial activity. It works by inhibiting the final step in bacterial cell wall synthesis mediated by transpeptidases, preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands and leading to cell lysis. While penicillin G has a narrow spectrum mostly against gram-positive bacteria, subsequent penicillins were developed with improved spectra, stability, and resistance to beta-lactamases. Their mechanisms of resistance include inactivation by beta-lactamases or modifications of penicillin-binding proteins. Beta-lactamase inhibitors can restore the activity of penicillins against bacteria producing
Penicillins and Cephalosporins.ppt
This document discusses penicillins, cephalosporins, and other β-lactam antibiotics. It describes their common structure and mechanism of action in inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It covers different classes of penicillins and their spectra of activity, mechanisms of bacterial resistance, and classification. Penicillins were the first widely used antibiotics and remain important treatments, though bacteria increasingly develop resistance through β-lactamase production and other mechanisms.
Antibiotics
This document discusses antimicrobial agents and antibiotic resistance. It defines antimicrobial agents as chemicals that treat infectious diseases by inhibiting or killing pathogens. Ideal antimicrobial agents kill or inhibit pathogens without harming the host. The document then discusses different classes of antibiotics including their sources, mechanisms of action, and examples. It covers antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis, cell membrane function, protein synthesis, and nucleic acid synthesis. The document concludes by discussing intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Antibiotics
Enzymes play an important role in the biosynthesis of antibiotics like penicillin and streptomycin. The production of penicillin G involves three main steps - the condensation of amino acids to form ACV, the conversion of ACV to isopenicillin N, and the addition of a phenylacetyl side chain to isopenicillin N. Streptomycin is produced by Streptomyces griseus using a fermentation process involving soybean meal and glucose. Other commonly used antibiotics discussed include ampicillin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol, along with their mechanisms of action and resistance.
Cell wall.pptx
This document discusses cell wall inhibiting antibiotics, specifically penicillins and cephalosporins. It describes how these drugs interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inactivating penicillin-binding proteins, inhibiting transpeptidation and causing cell lysis. Resistance mechanisms like beta-lactamase production and changes to penicillin-binding proteins are also summarized. The antibiotic classes covered include penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams and vancomycin.
Lecture 7 micro-antibiotics-mbbs
The document provides an overview of medical microbiology and bacteriology. It discusses various gram-positive and gram-negative cocci and their associated diseases. It then reviews the sites of antibiotic action in bacteria, including inhibition of cell wall synthesis by beta-lactams, cell membrane disruption by polymyxins, DNA inhibition by quinolones and metronidazole, inhibition of transcription by actinomycin D and rifampin, and inhibition of translation in the bacterial ribosome by various antibiotics classes that bind to the 30S or 50S subunits. It also discusses competitive antagonistic antibiotics that inhibit metabolic pathways like isoniazid, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim.
Mode of action of penicillin
Penicillin works by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) in bacteria and inhibits the final transpeptidation step of cell wall synthesis where the peptidoglycan cross-links are formed. This prevents the formation of rigid peptidoglycan, allowing water to enter bacteria and cause them to burst. Penicillin is absorbed and distributed throughout the body after oral or parenteral administration and is eliminated mainly through renal excretion.
beta lactam antibiotics
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
Antibiotics
Introduction to Antibiotics,Classification,General Mechanism of action,Penicillin,Classification of Penicillin,Moa,Structure Activity Relationship,Uses
Antibiotics
1. The document discusses various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and their structure, classification, mechanism of action, clinical uses, and key points.
2. Penicillins are the most widely used beta-lactam antibiotics and work by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls. Cephalosporins are broader spectrum and more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins.
3. Carbapenems have a very broad antibacterial spectrum and high resistance to beta-lactamases, making them effective against many drug-resistant bacteria.
Antibiotic Penicillin
penicilin, discribing how penicilin act the cell wall, inhibit cell wall and blocking transpeptidase, side effect of penicilin , and using
Antibiotics
Medicinal Chemistry
1 Antibiotics
2 Introduction
3 Classification
4 Classification based on mechanism of action:
5 Classification based on chemical structure:
6
1) Β-lactam antibiotics.
2) Aminoglycoside antibiotics.
3) Tetracycline antibiotics.
4) Polypeptide antibiotics.
5) Macrolide antibiotics.
6) Lincomycins.
7) Other antibiotics.
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antibioticsmechanismsofactions-150428084652-conversion-gate02.pdf
antibioticsmechanismsofactions-150428084652-conversion-gate02.pdf
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- 1. BETA LACTAM & OTHER CELL WALL- & MEMBRANE ACTIVE ANTIBIOTICS MA. LENY ALDA G. JUSAYAN, MD DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
- 11. thiazolidine ring (A) connected to a b-lactam ring (B), to which is attached a side chain (R).
- 35. Resistance to β-Lactams – Gram pos.
- 64. Cephalosporins First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation * Oral Agent Cefadroxil * Cefaclor * Cefdinir Cefepime Cefazolin Cefamandole Cefoperaxone Cefpirome Cefelixin * Cefonicid Cefotaxime Cephalothin Ceforanide Ceftazidime Cephaprin Cefotetan Ceftibuten Cephradine * Cefoxitin Ceftizoxime Cefuroxime moxalactam Ceftriaxone