antiemetics,motility
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This document discusses drugs used to treat vomiting and drugs used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. It describes the mechanisms and sites of action of anti-emetic drugs like H1 receptor antagonists, D2 receptor antagonists, muscarinic receptor antagonists, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, and cannabinoids. It also discusses the mechanisms and types of laxatives like bulk laxatives, osmotic laxatives, and stimulant laxatives. Finally, it outlines classes of antidiarrheal drugs like antimotility agents, adsorbents, and motility stimulants used to treat diarrhea.
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antiemetics,motility
This document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat vomiting and regulate gastrointestinal motility. It outlines the mechanisms and clinical uses of antiemetic drugs that act on histamine, dopamine, serotonin, and cannabinoid receptors to treat chemotherapy-induced vomiting and motion sickness. It also summarizes the types and mechanisms of laxative drugs that work by bulking stool, drawing water into the intestines, or stimulating intestinal nerves. Antidiarrheal drugs are discussed that decrease intestinal secretion, motility and absorption to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
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The document discusses various causes, pathophysiology, and treatment of emesis and nausea. It covers the following topics:
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This document discusses evidence from a clinical trial comparing the NSAIDs etoricoxib and diclofenac for treating pain. The trial involved over 34,000 patients randomized to receive either etoricoxib or diclofenac. Results showed that etoricoxib was as effective as diclofenac at reducing pain, as measured by changes in WOMAC pain scores, but had a more favorable gastrointestinal safety profile with fewer ulcer complications compared to diclofenac. Therefore, the clinical evidence demonstrated that etoricoxib provided comparable pain relief to diclofenac with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
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The Effects Of Soy Isoflavone On Bone Mineral Density In Pre And Postmenopau...
This document discusses the effects of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women. It provides background on osteoporosis and risk factors like menopause. Soy isoflavones like genistein and daidzein are phytoestrogens that may help maintain bone density by acting similarly to estrogen. Several studies summarized found that soy isoflavone intake increased bone mineral density in the spine and helped prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis, especially when consuming around 90 mg per day. One study also found benefits of soy consumption for bone health in young Korean women over 2 years.
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Diclofenac compound Research contains :
1- Introduction about The Pharmacological Class.
2- Name of the drug (IUPAC, generic and trade names).
3- Structure of the drug (drawn by Chemsketch program).
4- Synthesis of the drug (drawn by Chemsketch program).
5- Spectral data of the drug (UV, IR, NMR and Mass).
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This document discusses clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It defines pharmacokinetics as how the body affects a drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Factors like age can impact these processes in pediatric patients. It also discusses pharmacodynamics, how drugs act on the body, and how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics together can help individualize drug therapy and decrease adverse effects.
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Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body. The key pharmacokinetic parameters include volume of distribution (Vd), clearance (CL), and elimination half-life (t1/2). Vd represents the apparent volume needed to contain the total amount of drug at the observed plasma concentration. CL is the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time, determined by metabolism and excretion. t1/2 is the time for drug concentration to reduce by half, dependent on Vd and CL. These parameters allow quantification of drug behavior in the body over time.
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1. Ovarian cancer is the most common type of ovarian tumor and the 7th most common cancer in women.
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