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Ceorins
Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics that share a beta-lactam ring structure with penicillins and other beta-lactams. They work by binding to penicillin-binding proteins in bacterial cell walls to inhibit cell wall synthesis. First generation cephalosporins are mainly active against gram-positive cocci, while later generations have increased gram-negative coverage. Each generation also has distinct and expanded clinical uses depending on their antimicrobial spectrum.
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Ceorins
- 1. Pharmacology of Cephalosporins:General Overview Flavio Guzmán, M.D. http://pharmamotion.com.ar
- 2. β - lactams:cell wall inhibitors
- 3. β -lactam ringThe β -lactam ring is a common structure for: Penicillins Cephalosporins Monobactams Carbapenems Bacteria will target this ring to gain resistance.
- 4. Cell wall inhibitors:important features Cell wall inhibitors have bacericidal effect. They act sinergistically with amynoglycosides Time-dependent kinetics: the more time the drug binds the bacteria, the more effective it is.
- 5. Mechanism of action1 Some PBP have transpeptidase activity. Transpeptidase activity is essential in cell wall synthesis . Beta-lactams bind PBP (Penicillin Binding Proteins).
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- 9. Chemical structure ofcephalosporins Derived from 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. They suffer the “attack” of bacteria at their beta-lactam ring.
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- 11. 1st Generation cephalosporins:antibacterial coverage Active mainly against Gram positive cocci. Less active against Gram negative.
- 12. Clinical uses offirst gen. cephalosporins
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- 14. 2nd generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic coverage Increased coverage against Gram negatives, while keeping coverage against Gram +.
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- 16. 3rd generation cephalosporinsCoverage Increased coverage against Gram negatives. Decreased coverage against Gram +
- 17. 3rd generation cephalosporinsClinical uses
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- 20. 4th generation cephalosporinsAntibacterial coverage Coverage against Gram + and Gram -, good activity against β -lactamase producing bacteria.
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Editor's Notes
- #5 or instance, certain antibiotics, like beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams), clindamycin, macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin), oxazolidinones (linezolid), can be effective because of the extensive amount of time the antibiotic binds to the microorganism. The inhibitory effect can be effective because their concentration exceeds the MIC for the microorganism.