This document discusses the anatomy of the neck, including the triangles of the neck, lymph nodes of the neck, and structures of the oral cavity and pharynx. It describes the submandibular triangle, carotid triangle, and other neck triangles. It outlines the different lymph node levels in the neck and their drainage patterns. It also provides details on the structures and functions of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

1. Triangles of neck
Lymph nodes level (neck)
Oral cavity
Pharynx
By: Ismah Haron

2. TRIANGLES OF NECK

3. Submandibular:
 Facial vein
 Cervical branch of facial nerve
 Submandibular salivary gland
 Facial artery
 Lingual nerve & submandibular
ganglion
 Lingual artery
 Hypoglossal nerve
Submental:
 Submental lymph nodes

4. CAROTID
 (Root)Veins – common facial v., retromandibular v., post.
Auricular v., facial v., external jugular v. and anterior jugular v.
 (Within) Nerves – XII n., root of C1, C2, C3
 Arteries – common carotid artery, external carotid artery,
thyroid artery, occipital artery, lingual, facial and internal
carotid arteries.
 Floor – superior laryngeal nerve, internal and external
laryngeal n.

5. MUSCULAR/VISCERAL
 Thyroid gland and its arteries
 Thyroid cartilage
 Cricoid cartilage
 Tracheal rings

6. Occipital:
 Spinal accessory n. (XI)
 Superficial cervical cutaneous branches of cervical plexus (C2-
C4)
Supraclavicular:
 Brachial plexus (superior C5 C6, middle C7, lower trunk C8)
 Subclavian artery
 External jugular vein

7. VERTEBRAL ARTERY TRIANGLE
 Extending from the root of neck
 Borders: scalenous anterior muscle, longus colli muscle &
superior aspect of subclavian a.
 Contents: vertebral a., sympathetic trunk, common carotid
a., right recurrent laryngeal n. and phrenic n.

8. LYMPH NODES LEVEL
Submental &
submandibular
group
Upper jugular
group
Middle jugular
group
Lower jugular
group
Posterior
triangle group –
include
supraclavicular
LN
Anterior
compartment:

9. Submental LN
Upper jugular
group
Posterior
triangle group –
include
supraclavicular
LN
Submandibular
LN

10. Submandibular group:
 Metastases ca arising from oral cavity, ant. nasal cavity, soft
tissues structure of midface and submandibular gland
Upper jugular group:
 Metastases ca arising from oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx,
larynx and parotid gland
Middle jugular group:
 Metastases ca arising from oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx
and larynx

11. Lower jugular group:
 Metastases ca arising from hypopharynx, cervical
esophagus and larynx
Post. Triangle group:
 Metastases ca arising from naso & oropharynx (VA) and
thyroid gland (VB)
Ant. Compartment group:
 Metastases ca arising from thyroid gland, glottic, subglottic
larynx, pyriform sinus and cervical esophagus

12. ORAL CAVITY
Oral tongue is
divided into:
› Tip
› Lateral borders
› Dorsum
› Undersurface

13. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
 Medial portion lower lip (LL)  submental. Lateral portion
LL  submandibular nodes
 Upper lip  preauricular, infraparotid & submandibular
nodes
 Buccal mucosa  submental & submandibular
 Upper & lower alveolar ridges  submental,
submandibular, upper deep cervical, lateral retropharyngeal
nodes.

14.  Hard palate  upper deep cervical, lateral retropharyngeal
node, submandibular nodes
 Floor of mouth  submandibular node, upper deep
cervical nodes
 Tongue  submental, jugulo-omohyoid, deep cervical
nodes

15. PHARYNX
 Conical fibromuscular tube
 12 to 14 cm long, width is 3.5 cm (become 1.5 cm at
pharyngo-esophageal junction)
 Extending from base of skull  lower border of
cricoid cartilage
 Become continuous with esophagus

16. Ciliated columnar in nasopharynx.
Elsewhere; squamous
PHARYNGEAL WALL
2 layers (ext &
internal);
3 muscles in each
layer
Killian’s dehiscence
› Ext layer-inf
constrictor muscle-2
parts (potential gap)
› Perforation during
esophagoscopy &
herniation of
pharyngeal
mucosa

17. = nasopharyngeal
tonsil
Waldeyer’s Ring
- Lymphoid tissue
Enlarged 
Eustachian
tube
occlusion

18. PHARYNGEAL SPACES
 Potential space – abscess can form
 Retropharyngeal space and;
 Parapharyngeal space

19. 1
2
3
DIVISION OF PHARYNX
THANK YOU

20. Infected  cause
persistent
postnasal
discharge
Craniopharyngio
ma may arise
from it
Increase in size up to 6
years old then gradually
atrophy

21.  Sinus of morgani – space between base of skull and upper
free border of superior constrictor muscle  through it
enters Eustachian tube, levator veli palatini, tensor veli
palatini, ascending palatine artery & branch of facial
artery
 Lymphatic drainage of nasopharynx: upper deep cervical
node, spinal accessory chain

22. FUNCTION OF NASOPHARYNX
 Conduit for air
 Eustachian tube – ventilate middle ear, equalizes air
pressure
 Cuff of nasopharynx from oropharynx (soft palate &
Passavant’s ridge)
 Help in voice production
 Drainage mucus from nasal & nasopharyngeal glands

23. OROPHARYNX
Tonsillar
fossa?
Posterior, anterior & lateral
walls

24. FUNCTION OF OROPHARYNX
 Conduit passage for air and food
 Pharyngeal phase deglutition
 Forms part of vocal tract
 Appreciation in taste
 Provide local defense and immunity

25. LARYNGOPHARYNX
(HYPOPHARYNX)
 Pyriform sinus – internal laryngeal n. runs near it, pain is
referred to the ear in ca of pyriform sinus
 Post cricoid region