An introduction to Moore's law
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Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years. It is named after Intel co-founder Gordon Moore, who described this trend in a 1965 paper. His prediction has proven accurate and the law is now used by the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and set research and development targets. While the trend has continued for over 50 years, Moore's law is considered an observation rather than a physical law.
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Moore's law
Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every 18 months, leading to increased computing power at reduced cost over time. This advancement in computer hardware and software enabled the development of ERP systems by making the required technology affordable. ERP systems provide integrated management of business processes and information across functional areas like finance, HR, supply chain, and customers. Moore's Law continues to be an important driver of technological progress and the evolution of ERP systems.
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An account on what Moore's law is, how we keep pace with Moore's law, and what future holds for it is detailed out in the slides.
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The document discusses Moore's Law and increasing trends in technology. Specifically:
1) Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every 18 months, leading to smaller, denser, and more powerful microprocessors.
2) Future computer chips will contain many processor cores on a single chip, requiring software to exploit parallelism at all levels. Intel has demonstrated an 80-core research chip.
3) As transistor densities continue increasing exponentially, power and complexity challenges will need to be addressed for continued advancement of computing technology.
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This document discusses integrated circuit technology. It begins with an overview of the IC market breakdown by sector. It then discusses advantages of ICs such as smaller size, higher speed, lower power consumption compared to discrete components. The document provides a history of important IC inventions from 1904 to the present. It also discusses transistor scaling that has allowed achieving more complex ICs through reduced dimensions over time. Finally, it covers different IC design styles such as full custom, standard cell, gate array, and FPGA and their tradeoffs in terms of performance, cost, area, and time-to-market.
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1) Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every 18 months, leading to smaller, denser, and more powerful microprocessors.
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3) As transistor densities continue increasing exponentially, power and complexity challenges will need to be addressed for continued advancement of computing technology.
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A memristor is a semiconductor device that can remember the amount of charge that has previously flowed through it. It was theorized in 1971 but was not physically realized until 2008. A memristor behaves similarly to a resistor but its resistance depends on the charge that has flowed through the circuit in the past. This "memory" property allows memristors to store information non-volatily without power, making them promising for applications like fast and efficient memory storage. However, memristor technology still needs improvements in areas like defect engineering and standard design rules before it can be commercially viable.
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1. The document provides an introduction to integrated circuits (ICs), including a brief history from vacuum tubes to the invention of transistors and ICs.
2. Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments is credited with creating the first IC in 1958 using a germanium chip.
3. ICs provide advantages over discrete components like miniaturization, lower cost, higher reliability, and lower power consumption.
Memristor -The fourth fundumental circuit element
The document presents information about memristors, which are described as semiconductor devices whose resistance depends on the amount of charge that has passed through. It discusses the history of memristors, first theorized in 1971 as the fourth fundamental circuit element. The document outlines the construction and working of TiO2-based memristors, how oxygen vacancies allow the resistance to change based on applied current. Applications include non-volatile memory, neural networks, and analog computing. While promising, memristors still need improvements in defects and standardization before being perfected.
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3) Photolithography uses a mask and light to transfer circuit patterns to photoresist before etching removes exposed material.
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An introduction to Moore's law
- 1. What is Moore’s Law ? Mr. Gordon Moore
- 2. Moore's law is the observation that, over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years.
- 3. The law is named after Intel co-founder Gordon E. Moore, who described the trend in his 1965 paper.
- 4. His prediction has proven to be accurate, in part because the law is now used in the semiconductor industry to guide longterm planning and to set targets for research and development.
- 5. The capabilities of many digital electronic devices are strongly linked to Moore's law: processing speed, memory capacity, sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras.
- 6. All of these are improving at (roughly) exponential rates as well. This exponential improvement has dramatically enhanced the impact of digital electronics in nearly every segment of the world economy.
- 7. Moore's law describes a driving force of technological and social change in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
- 8. The period often quoted as "18 months" is due to Intel executive David House, who predicted that period for a doubling in chip performance (being a combination of the effect of more transistors and their being faster).
- 9. Although this trend has continued for more than half a century, Moore's law should be considered an observation or conjecture and not a physical or natural law.
- 10. Sources in 2005 expected it to continue until at least 2015 or 2020.However, the 2010 update to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors has growth slowing at the end of 2013
- 11. …after which time transistor counts and densities are to double only every three years.