Technology trends Moore’s law
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The document discusses Moore's Law and increasing trends in technology. Specifically: 1) Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every 18 months, leading to smaller, denser, and more powerful microprocessors. 2) Future computer chips will contain many processor cores on a single chip, requiring software to exploit parallelism at all levels. Intel has demonstrated an 80-core research chip. 3) As transistor densities continue increasing exponentially, power and complexity challenges will need to be addressed for continued advancement of computing technology.
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Panel makers remain cautious, but a handful in Taiwan and China are currently attempting to retrofit older Gen 2.5 - 4.5 fabs with OTFT. These first attempts to move OTFT into mass production will be critical for the technology’s future. Failure in these initial industrialization attempts could be fatal for the OTFT industry, or, at the very least, set it back many years. However, if OTFT proves that it can be mass produced and enables panel makers to revive those obsolete fabs with high-margin flexible displays, there are no fundamental barriers prohibiting the technology from being quickly scaled up to fabs Gen 8 or above, and possibly challenge the vast market for traditional a-Si based panels like LCD TV, monitors, etc. In the long-term, because they are inherently solution-processable, OTFTs are also an ideal backplane candidate for additive manufacturing and fully printed displays.
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However, interest waned as performance and homogeneity issues persisted, and other TFT technologies like LTPS and metal oxide emerged.
Nevertheless, organic semiconductor companies kept perfecting their molecules and ink formulations, gaining a better understanding of the interaction between the materials, the transistor structure, and the manufacturing process. Consequently, performance in the lab improved by another order of magnitude. Combined with the explosive growth of flexible displays and the promise of a cost-efficient, solution-based manufacturing process, interest in OTFT has renewed.
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2. It discusses the requirements of embedded microcontroller cores including memory, ports, timers, interrupts, and serial data transfer standards to interface with real-world peripherals.
3. It also covers embedded programming, real-time operating systems, example applications, and textbooks on embedded systems design.
Mobile Device-Architecture
This document provides a history of mobile computing from the 1970s to present day. It begins with early devices like the Texas Instruments Speak & Spell and moves through graphing calculators, laptops, PDAs, smartphones and today's powerful smartphones that contain powerful multicore processors, advanced sensors, and run complex operating systems. It describes the architecture of ARM processors and system on a chip designs. It also provides details on technologies like MEMS sensors, fingerprint scanners, and the evolution of mobile device capabilities and components over time.
Embeddedsystem
The document discusses embedded systems and microcontrollers. It defines an embedded system as a combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific application. Microcontrollers are similar to microprocessors but have memory and I/O integrated on a single chip, making them well-suited for embedded applications that require low cost, low power consumption, and small size. The 8051 microcontroller is commonly used in embedded systems due to its low price and availability of development tools. Programming techniques for microcontrollers include assembly language and high-level languages like C.
RTOS [Autosaved].pptx
This document provides an overview of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and FreeRTOS. It discusses the history and development of real-time systems from the 1940s to present day. Key aspects covered include the differences between soft, hard, and firm real-time systems. The document also examines RTOS components like tasks, synchronization, and inter-task communication. It provides examples of commercial and open source RTOS like VxWorks, QNX, FreeRTOS, and others.
IS 139 Lecture 1
The document provides an overview of computer architecture and organization. It discusses how computers work at a component level, different types of computer systems and their structures and behaviors. It covers key concepts like instruction sets, memory access methods, and I/O mechanisms. The document also distinguishes between architecture, which defines attributes visible to programmers, and organization, which refers to how components are interconnected. It outlines reasons for studying computer architecture and what skills can be developed. Finally, it briefly traces the evolution of computers through different generations defined by underlying technologies.
Unit i
Unit 1 provides an introduction to computers including:
- The evolution of computers from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to microprocessors across 5 generations.
- The main components of a computer including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and mass storage.
- Types of computers ranging from personal computers to workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
- Key concepts such as what defines a computer, how they store and manipulate data based on programs, and their advantages in processing huge amounts of data efficiently.
computer application in hospitality Industry, periyar university unit 1
in this presentation b.sc hotel management 1 st year student computer application in hospitality Industry subject is the, this subject under periyar university hotel management 1st year students subject.
Unit I
Unit 1 provides an introduction to computers including their objectives, types (digital, analog, hybrid), evolution through generations, core components (CPU, memory, input/output devices), and number systems. Key points include:
- Computers accept digital data as input, manipulate it according to programs, and provide results as output.
- There are various types of computers including mini computers, supercomputers, mainframes, PCs, and workstations.
- Computers have evolved through 5 generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits and microprocessors.
- Core components include the CPU, memory, and input/output devices like keyboards, printers, and monitors.
Unit i
Unit 1 provides an introduction to computers including their objectives, types (digital, analog, hybrid), evolution through generations, core components (CPU, memory, input/output devices), and number systems. Key points include:
- Computers accept digital data as input, manipulate it according to programs, and provide results as output.
- There are various types of computers including mini computers, supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers, and workstations.
- Computers have evolved through 5 generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits and microprocessors.
- Core components include the CPU, memory, and input/output devices like keyboards, printers, and monitors.
computer applicationin hospitality Industry1 periyar university unit1
in this power point periyar university bsc hotel management 1st year students com computer applicationin hospitality Industry-1 sylabus 1st unit topic is there
Generations of computer
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes in the 1940s-1950s to the present fifth generation using artificial intelligence. Each generation saw improvements in size, speed, reliability and capabilities. The first generation were large, slow and prone to overheating. The second generation used transistors which made computers smaller and faster. The third generation used integrated circuits to further reduce size. The fourth generation used microprocessors and the fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence. The document also discusses the Von Neumann and Harvard architectures for storing instructions and data.
Similar to Technology trends Moore’s law (20)
Free Hardware & Networking Slides by ITE Infotech Private Limited
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3 computer hardware and fundamentals edited for 1st sem
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The von Neumann Memory Barrier and Computer Architectures for the 21st Century
The von Neumann Memory Barrier and Computer Architectures for the 21st Century
microprocessormicrocontrollerbysanat-140107013112-phpapp02.pdf
microprocessormicrocontrollerbysanat-140107013112-phpapp02.pdf
computer application in hospitality Industry, periyar university unit 1
computer application in hospitality Industry, periyar university unit 1
computer applicationin hospitality Industry1 periyar university unit1
computer applicationin hospitality Industry1 periyar university unit1
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Operating System.pdf
This document provides an overview of operating systems. It discusses that an operating system acts as an interface between the user and hardware, managing resources and running applications. Key parts of an operating system include the kernel and system programs. Operating systems allow for multiprogramming and time-sharing to enable efficient sharing of resources between multiple processes. Interprocess communication and process synchronization are important aspects that operating systems facilitate.
DBMS_Lab_Manual_&_Solution
This document is a lab manual for database management systems. It contains instructions for installing and using Visual Studio and SQL Server software. Visual Studio is a popular integrated development environment used to develop a wide range of computer programs and applications. It includes features like a code editor, debugger, and various designers. The document provides guidance on tasks for several labs covering topics like creating applications in Visual Studio, installing and managing databases in SQL Server, and building a school management system to apply concepts.
Data Structure and Algorithms.pptx
The document provides an outline for a course on data structures and algorithms. It includes topics like data types and operations, time-space tradeoffs, algorithm development, asymptotic notations, common data structures, sorting and searching algorithms, and linked lists. The course will use Google Classroom and have assignments, quizzes, and a final exam.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms.pptx
This document discusses algorithms and their analysis. It defines an algorithm as a finite sequence of unambiguous instructions that terminate in a finite amount of time. It discusses areas of study like algorithm design techniques, analysis of time and space complexity, testing and validation. Common algorithm complexities like constant, logarithmic, linear, quadratic and exponential are explained. Performance analysis techniques like asymptotic analysis and amortized analysis using aggregate analysis, accounting method and potential method are also summarized.
Professional Issues in Computing
These slides cover the whole course of Professional Issues in Computing for the Students of Computer Science
Reduce course notes class xi
The document contains a multiple choice quiz with questions about various topics in computer science. There are 47 multiple choice questions testing knowledge about topics like binary, memory, operating systems, programming languages, networks, and security. The questions are short, with single sentences providing the prompts and possible multiple choice answers.
Reduce course notes class xii
The document contains 40 multiple choice questions related to computer science class 12. It covers topics like variables, data types, operators, loops, functions, arrays and more. The questions test concepts like escape sequences, format specifiers, assignment operators, comments, input/output functions, and the difference between various loops in C programming language. It is a practice test to help students prepare for their computer science exam.
Introduction to Database
This document provides an introduction to databases. It defines what a database is, the steps to create one, and benefits such as fast querying and flexibility. It describes database models like hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, and relational. Key database concepts are explained, including entities, attributes, primary keys, and foreign keys. Finally, it outlines database management system components, common users, and introduces Microsoft Access.
C Language
Program, Language, & Programming Language
Object Oriented Programming vs Procedure Oriented Programming
About C
Why still Learn C?
Basic Terms
C Stuff
C Syntax
C Program
Flowchart
Flowcharts provide a graphical representation of steps in a process or algorithm using standard symbols. They were developed in the 1920s-1930s to document business processes but are now widely used to depict computer programs and workflows. The key symbols include boxes, diamonds, arrows, and other shapes to represent tasks, decisions, data, and flow. Flowcharts clarify complex processes, help teams understand them, and can be used to improve or design new procedures.
Algorithm Pseudo
Algorithm
What is an algorithm?
How are mathematical statements and algorithms related?
What do algorithms have to do with computers?
Pseudo Code
What is pseudocode?
Writing pseudocode
Pseudo Code vs Algorithm
Computer Programming
Why Programming?
The Programming Process
What Programmers do?
Programming as a Career
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ICS 2nd Year Book Introduction
This document outlines the chapters and content covered in a Computer Science course. It includes 17 total chapters, with 5 theoretical chapters, 8 practical chapters, and 4 optional chapters. The chapters cover topics like programming concepts, algorithms, an overview of the C language, variables, operators, input/output statements, selection and iteration control structures, functions, arrays, strings, pointers, data files, data management systems, and Microsoft Access. It also provides a study plan which includes performing practical work every Tuesday, having question/answer sessions every Friday, and using other days for theoretical content, as well as creating a WhatsApp group for the class.
Security, Copyright and the Law
The document discusses computer crimes and cyber crimes under Pakistani law. It defines computer crimes such as copyright violation, cracking codes, cyberbullying and various types of computer viruses. It then outlines specific cyber crimes in Pakistan such as spreading false information about an individual, making or spreading explicit images without consent, cyberstalking, and hacking for stalking. The punishments for these crimes under Pakistani law include prison sentences up to 7 years and fines up to 10 million Pakistani rupees.
Computer Architecture
Important Definitions
Components of a Digital Computer
Computer Registers
Buses
Instructions
Stack Organized CPU
Internal Working of CPU
Data Communication
Components of Data Communication
Characteristics of Data Transmission
Communication Media
Communication Speed
Communication Hardware
Communication Software
OSI Model
Information Networks
Outline
Computer Networks
Topologies of LAN
Models of LAN
Routers, Bridges, & Gateways
Internet
Basic Concept of Information Technology
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in information technology, including definitions of computers and computer systems, their key characteristics and components. It describes common input devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners, as well as output devices like monitors, printers and speakers. It also discusses computer hardware, software, data, procedures, and different generations of computers from the past to present.
Introduction to ICS 1st Year Book
1st Year Computer Science Book
Sindh Text Book Board Introduction
Introduction
Syed Zaid Irshad
Rules (that You have to Follow)
Book Introduction
10 Chapters
Theoretical Chapters are 6
Practical Chapters are 4
Chapter 1: Basic Concept of Information Technology
Introduction of Computer
Definition
Characteristics
Parts of Computer
Input
Output
Memory
Primary Storage
Secondary Storage
Ports
Language Translator
Compiler
Interpreter
Generations of Programming Language
Ages of Computers
Generations of Computer
Classification of Computers
Chapter 2: Information Networks
Types of Network
LAN
WAN
MAN
GAN
Topologies
Star
Ring
Bus
Hybrid
File Transfer Protocol
World Wide Web
Chapter 3: Data Communication
Standards
Transmission
Simples
Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Media
Twisted Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Microwave Transmission
Satellite Transmission
Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model)
Chapter 4: Applications and Use of Computers
Difference Between Application and Use
Impacts of Computers
Chapter 5: Computer Architecture
Address of Memory Locations
Instruction Format
Fetch and Execute
Chapter 6: Security, Copyright and The Law
Computer Crime
Computer Viruses
Computer Privacy
Software Piracy and Law
Chapter 7: Operating System
User Interface
Graphical User Interface
Operating Systems
Chapter 8: Word Processing
Introduction to MS Word
Creating
Editing
Formatting
Printing
Chapter 9: Spreadsheet
Introduction to MS Excel
Creating
Editing
Formatting
Printing
Formulae
Project
Chapter 10: Internet Browsing and Using E-mail
Create Email ID
Send Mail
Download File
Upload File
Study Plan
Every Tuesday we perform Practical
Every Friday Half of the Lecture will be used as question answer session
Rest of the days are for Theoretical Stuff
Make WhatsApp Group for class where we can share stuff related to the Subject
Using the set operators
This document discusses SQL set operators such as UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, and MINUS. It provides examples of how to use each operator to combine result sets from multiple queries, eliminate duplicates, return common or unique rows, and control the order of rows in the final output. Tables used in the examples include the EMPLOYEES and JOB_HISTORY tables, which contain data on current and previous employee jobs. Guidelines are provided around matching columns in UNION queries and using parentheses and ORDER BY.
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哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
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the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
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for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
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CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
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referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
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Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
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Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
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ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
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The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
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CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
gray level transformation unit 3(image processing))
gray level transformation unit 3(image processing))
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Technology trends Moore’s law
- 1. Technology Trends: Moore’s Law 2X transistors/Chip Every 1.5 years Called “Moore’s Law” Moore’s Law Microprocessors have become smaller, denser, and more powerful. Gordon Moore (co-founder of Intel) predicted in 1965 that the transistor density of semiconductor chips would double roughly every 18 months.
- 2. Societal Scale Information Systems Scalable, Reliable, Secure Services MEMS for Sensor Nets Internet Connectivity Clusters Massive Cluster Gigabit Ethernet Databases Information Collection Remote Storage Online Games Commerce … •The world is a large parallel system –Microprocessors in everything –Vast infrastructure behind them
- 3. People-to-Computer Ratio Over Time •Today: Multiple CPUs/person! From David Culler
- 4. ManyCore Chips: The future is here •“ManyCore” refers to many processors/chip –64? 128? Hard to say exact boundary •How to program these? –Use 2 CPUs for video/audio –Use 1 for word processor, 1 for browser –76 for virus checking??? •Parallelism must be exploited at all levels Intel 80-core multicore chip (Feb 2007) 80 simple cores Two floating point engines /core Mesh-like "network-on-a-chip“ 100 million transistors 65nm feature size Frequency Voltage Power Bandwidth Performance 3.16 GHz 0.95 V 62W 1.62 Terabits/s 1.01 Teraflops 5.1 GHz 1.2 V 175W 2.61 Terabits/s 1.63 Teraflops 5.7 GHz 1.35 V 265W 2.92 Terabits/s 1.81 Teraflops
- 5. Another Challenge: Power Density •Moore’s Law Extrapolation –Potential power density reaching amazing levels! •Flip side: Battery life very important –Moore’s law can yield more functionality at equivalent –(or less) total energy consumption
- 6. Computer System Organization •Computer-system operation –One or more CPUs, device controllers connect through common bus providing access to shared memory –Concurrent execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles
- 7. Functionality comes with great complexity! Proc Caches Busses Memory I/O Devices: Controllers adapters Disks Displays Keyboards Networks Pentium IV Chipset
- 8. Sample of Computer Architecture Topics Instruction Set Architecture Pipelining, Hazard Resolution, Superscalar, Reordering, Prediction, Speculation, Vector, Dynamic Compilation Addressing, Protection, Exception Handling L1 Cache L2 Cache DRAM Disks, WORM, Tape Coherence, Bandwidth, Latency Emerging Technologies Interleaving Bus protocols RAID VLSI Input/Output and Storage Memory Hierarchy Pipelining and Instruction Level Parallelism Network Communication Other Processors
- 9. Increasing Software Complexity From MIT’s 6.033 course
- 10. Example: Some Mars Rover (“Pathfinder”) Requirements •Pathfinder hardware limitations/complexity: –20Mhz processor, 128MB of DRAM, VxWorks OS –cameras, scientific instruments, batteries, –solar panels, and locomotion equipment –Many independent processes work together •Can’t hit reset button very easily! –Must reboot itself if necessary –Always able to receive commands from Earth •Individual Programs must not interfere –Suppose the MUT (Martian Universal Translator Module) buggy –Better not crash antenna positioning software! •Further, all software may crash occasionally –Automatic restart with diagnostics sent to Earth –Periodic checkpoint of results saved? •Certain functions time critical: –Need to stop before hitting something –Must track orbit of Earth for communication
- 11. How do we tame complexity? •Every piece of computer hardware different –Different CPU –Pentium, PowerPC, ColdFire, ARM, MIPS –Different amounts of memory, disk, … –Different types of devices –Mice, Keyboards, Sensors, Cameras, Fingerprint readers –Different networking environment –Cable, DSL, Wireless, Firewalls,… •Questions: –Does the programmer need to write a single program that performs many independent activities? –Does every program have to be altered for every piece of hardware? –Does a faulty program crash everything? –Does every program have access to all hardware?