This document discusses motivation and achievement motivation in sport. It defines motivation and lists the main motives for participating in sport. It explains achievement motivation and the traits of individuals with high or low achievement motivation (Nach and Naf people). It also discusses approach and avoidance behavior and factors influencing Nach and Naf behavior. Finally, it explains the benefits of goal setting for motivation and provides guidance for setting SMART targets.

1. Motivation & Achievement Motivation

3.  Define motivation and describe types of
motivation and give examples in sport
 List 4 main motives as to why people participate
in sport
 Explain achievement motivation
 List traits of a Nach and NAF person
 Explain terms approach behaviour and avoidance
behaviour
 Explain factors that determine Nach and Naf
behaviour
 Explains benefits of goal setting linked to
motivation
 Set a SMART target

4.  Write 5 things on the board that motivate
you? Motivation
concerns our inner
drives to achieve a
 Yes now! goal and external
pressures and
 Get out of your seat and write! reward

5. Draw backs to
extrinsic
rewards?
Addictive Extrinsic
principal –
extrinsic used
to boost intrinsic
Tangible or
intangible rewards
e.g. medals
badges, prizes or
praise and status
Most successful when linked to
performance improvements e.g. Contigent
swimming badges, karate belts rewards

6. More
important as
get older
Assertive
accomplishment
More males
than females
i.e.
accomplishments of
personal challenges

8. „A person who has high levels of achievement
motivation would have a tendency to strive
for success, persist in the face of failure and
experience pride a accomplishments.‟
(D.Gill)
 DO YOU KNOW ANYONE LIKE THIS?

9.  Murray (1938) first used the term achievement
motivation and indentified a performers need
for achievement as being linked to their
personality.
 Competition is described as a ‘achievement
situation’; in other words a the performer is
putting themselves in a situation where they
have the potential to succeed or fail, but still a
situation whereby achievement can be
measured.
 Achievement can still take place in non –
competitive situations.
 In either situation; there are still people that
are more willing to put themselves into the
‘achievement situations’ and can be labelled as
‘achievement orientated’.

10.  Where have we heard the term
Interactionist before?
 What do you expect Atkinson's
approach to be?

11. You have been playing tennis for four years at
your local club.
Your next league match is tomorrow…
YOU vs. Serena Williams

12. Atkinson recognises just as a performers
personality (made up of trait characteristics)
will effect performance; so will the situation the
performer finds themselves in (Interactionist).
He claims that a performer will weigh up:
 The probability of success
 The incentive value of that success
If you were playing a singles match against
Rafael Nadal:
 What is the probability of success?
 What is the incentive value of that success?

13. There are two parts to this approach:
Personality Situational
Need to achieve (N.Ach) Probability of
success
Need to avoid failure (n.Af) Incentive value
of success

14. n.Ach n.Af

15. n.Ach n.Af
Seeks challenges Avoids challenge – takes easy
Standards are important option
Persists for longer Dislikes 50 – 50 situation
Values feedback Gives up easily
Enjoys evaluation situation (likes Does not like feedback
to be tested) Dislikes evaluation situations
Not afraid of failure Performs worse in evaluation
Takes responsibility for own situations
actions Avoids personal responsibility
Optimistic Blames failure on external
Confident factors e.g. “The rain is effecting
Task goal – orientated my vision” or “I don't play well on
this surface”
Attributes performance to Pessimistic
internal factors e.g. Success = Low confidence
effort failure = lack of effort Takes a long time over a task
Outcome goal orientated

16. n.Ach n.Af
• accepts challenges •AVOID RESPONSIBILITY
•Task persistent •TAKE AN EASY OPTION
•Quick and efficient •GIVE UP AFTER FAILURE
•Take risks •AVOID EVALUATIVE
•Welcome feedback and SITUATIONS
evaluation
•Take responsibility for
own actions
•Try harder after failure
• attribute success
internally
•Approach behaviour

17. If a performer displays a high motive to achieve
(n.Ach) they will tend to have „approach
behaviour‟
 Approach behaviour: the performer is motivated
to attempt challenging situations even if they
may fail.
If a performer has a low motive to achieve and is
concerned about being evaluated (n.Af) they may
have „avoidance behaviour‟.
 Avoidance behaviour: the performer is motivated
to protect their self – esteem and will avoid
situations where they may be evaluated.
 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR A COACH TO
ENCOURAGE APPROACH BEHAVIOUR?

18. Achievement motivation is a measurement of
what drives us to succeed or hang back/play
safe.
Achievement strives to answer questions such
as:
 Why is it that some performers achieve and
some do not?
 Why are certain performers driven to be more
successful than others?

19.  Can you think of a performer who you
would describe as having that n.Ach
characteristic‟s?
 OR
 Can you think of a situation in sport
which would display whether you are a
risk taker (n.Ach) or you hang
back/take the easy option? (n.Af)

20. Golf
You are teeing off and there is a water between
your tee and the green.
Do you play the ball short and sacrifice a shot? Play
it safe
OR
Do you attempt to drive the ball over the water to
the green?

21. Areyou a n.Ach or a
n.Af?

22.  In sport motivation to succeed not always
present.
 Approach may differ to different sports
 Therefore Naf or Nach depends on:
Past success
Importance and possibility experience
of task of future
success
Motivation
Confidence
Personality
Competitive
trait anxiety
levels

23.  Allow early success
 Raise self-efficacy (sport specific self-confidence)
 Attribute success internally and failure externally
 Use rewards and reinforcement
 Promote intrinsic motivation with personal goals
 Show successful, attainable role models
 Redefine failure
 Control arousal with relaxation techniques

24. http://192.168.0.4:8080

25. Alleviate anxiety and
stress
Increase confidence
Motivate!

26.  Directing attention – learning
focused
 Regulate effort
 Sustain effort
 Motivate
 Provide feedback

27.  S – Specific to situation and
performer
 M – Measurable
 A – AGREED between coach &
performer/ACHIEVABLE
 R – Realistic (achieveable)
 T – Timed
 E – Evaluated
 R – Recorded

29.  Use of SMART. Marks are only to be awarded if the answer is directly linked
to a target within the chosen activity. - Target must be specific - improve
shooting X - run for longer X - more accurate passes
 a. Specific - Directly related to their sport/activity/outcome they want to
achieve
 b. Measurable - Objective aspect that can be measured e.g. KG's, seconds
etc.
 c. Achievable - Within reach/attainable
 d. Relevant - At the correct level for the performer, challenging
 e. Time-Phased - Set time to achieve the goal including short and long term
objectives
 f. Evaluated - Self assessment and review of goals either during or at the end
of the time agreed
 g. Recorded - Records kept of training to monitor goals, enables
accountability
 h. Agreed - Shared with other parties e.g. coach, other team members
 i. Positive - Motivational/exciting and not negative in any way
 3 x 1 marks * must have example

30.  a. Improve motivation
 b. Improve self confidence / s elf esteem
 c. Help control arousal levels
 d. Focus on specific aspects of performance e.g.
weaker areas
 e. Specific technical/tactical/physical aspects can be
focussed upon
 f. Feeling of success/achievement can be experienced
 g. Can regulate effort on specific aspects of
performance
 h. Comparisons with previous goals be made.
 i. Monitor performance.
 4 x 1 or max of 2 x 2 for amplification

31.  Define motivation and describe types of
motivation and give examples in sport
 List 4 main motives as to why people participate
in sport
 Explain achievement motivation
 List traits of a Nach and NAF person
 Explain terms approach behaviour and avoidance
behaviour
 Explain factors that determine Nach and Naf
behaviour
 Explains benefits of goal setting linked to
motivation
 Set a SMART target