The document describes the lecture teaching method. It defines lecture as delivering content through talking, explaining, and sharing experiences, followed by evaluation. Lecture allows delivering large amounts of content to many students in a limited time. Key elements are the content, act of lecturing, and evaluation. The teacher prepares, delivers content through lecture, and evaluates learning through questions. Advantages are efficiency for large classes while limitations include passive learner role and reliance on teacher skills.

1. Teaching Method 1
Lecture
1.1 Definition
Lecture as a teaching method is the process used to deliver the
content to the learners by ways of talking, telling, relating, explaining
or sharing experiences, which is often accompanied by questioning.
After lecturing, the learning outcome must be evaluated in some
ways.
1.2 Purpose/Objective
This method is good for delivering a large amount of content
or knowledge to a large number of students in a limited amount of
time.
1.3 Indispensable Elements/Components
1.3.1 There must be content or body of knowledge for the
learners to learn.
1.3.2 There must be the act of lecturing (talking, telling,
relating, explaining, sharing experiences).
1.3.3 There must be an evaluation of the learning outcome
from the lecture.

2. 16 14 Teaching Methods for Professional Teachers
1.4 Indispensable Steps of Teaching
1.4.1 The teacher prepares the content to be delivered.
1.4.2 The teacher delivers the content that the learners need to
learn by talking, telling, relating, explaining or sharing experiences.
1.4.3 The teacher allows the learners to ask questions and
evaluates their learning.
1.5 Techniques and Suggestions
1.5.1 Preparation of Lectures
A good lecture requires a good preparation. The teacher needs to
study the content to be lectured thoroughly. If anything is still unclear,
it must be reexamined until clarification is made. Then, the teacher
should select which content is necessary or useful for the learners. Any
content that is unnecessary should be eliminated. What is important is
to enable the students to understand the lecture well by sequencing the
content coherently. If some parts are still unclear, the teacher should
find some examples to make things clearer or use some other media to
help clarify the points. Some special techniques can help to make the
delivery more interesting, thought-provoking, and easy to understand
such as the use of stimulating questions, the telling of exotic life
stories, the use of challenging problems. Finally, it is also helpful if the
teacher has the outline as well as the summary of the lecture ready
to be distributed to all the learners.

3. Lecture 17
1.5.2 The Lecture
At the start of the lecture, the teacher should arouse the interest
of the learners and try to sustain their attention throughout by using
some techniques as follows:
1) Using problems from daily life, the news, important
events, or case studies to stimulate learners’ thinking
2) Using pre-tests and post-tests to help the learners assess
their own ability on each topic
3) Using different media, such as transparencies, pictures,
slides, tapes, videos, films; and computers, etc
4) Using questions together with explanations
5) Using some activities along with lectures such as group
discussions, demonstrations, role plays, games, experiments, etc
6) Giving examples together with explanations
7) Using humor
8) Offering the learners opportunities to ask questions and
give comments.
1.5.3 Discussion and Evaluation
Before the end of the lecture, the teacher should summarize the
main points and allow the students to ask questions and exchange
ideas through discussion. Finally, the teacher should assess the
learning outcome in various ways.

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1.6 Advantages and Limitations
1.6.1 Advantages
1) It takes less time, compared with other methods.
2) It can be used to teach large classes.
3) It is convenient and easy to handle, not complicated.
4) It is a teaching method that can deliver a large amount
of content.
1.6.2 Limitations
1) The learners play a minor role; thus, they might lose
their attention while listening to the lecture.
2) It relies on the ability of the teacher; if the teacher does
not have adequate skills in organizing the content and captivating
the listeners, the learners may easily lose their attention and will not
profit much from the lecture.
3) It may not respond to the needs and individual differences
of the learners.

5. ...In order for someone to apply their
knowledge and ability most successfully,
it is necessary that they truly understand
the concepts, which is called wisdom _
as a tool for final clarification. This clear
understanding can only occur when there
has been sufficient correct and appropriate
practice...
His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s
Speech delivered to Chiengmai’s graduates
January 24th
, B.E. 2534 (AD 1991)

6. Demonstration
Teaching Method 2
…This method helps one see an action with
one’s own eyes. This direct concrete experience will
lead to effective and long-lasting understanding and
attainment of that which is being demonstrated…

7. 2.1 Definition
Demonstration as a teaching method is the process to help
the students learn procedural knowledge by performing, doing or
showing what to be learned so that the students can observe and
grasp all the processes demonstrated with their own eyes. Questions
and discussions are encouraged to optimize the students’ learning
and their learning outcome must be evaluated.
2.2 Purpose/Objective
The unique characteristic of the demonstration method is the
ability to help one see an action with one’s own eyes, thus enabling
one to grasp and understand the whole process (of what to be learned)
better than learning from just listening or reading. It is the method
suitable for learning procedural content knowledge which involves
processes or steps in performing or doing something.
2.3 Indispensable Elements/Components
2.3.1 There must be the process of doing something.
2.3.2 There must be the act of demonstrating the process.
Teaching Method 2
Demonstration

8. 24 14 Teaching Methods for Professional Teachers
2.3.3 There must be observation on demonstration by the
students.
2.3.4 There must be an evaluation on the learning outcome.
2.4 Indispensable Steps of Teaching
2.4.1 The teacher explains the objective in performing the
demonstration.
2.4.2 The teacher demonstrates the process of what is to be
learned.
2.4.3 The teacher and students engage in a discussion afterwards
and make a conclusion of what has been learned from the demonstration.
2.4.4 The teacher evaluates the students’ learning outcome.
2.5 Techniques and Suggestions
2.5.1 Preparation
The teacher needs quite a lot of preparation to make the
demonstration go smoothly and uninterruptedly. One good way
is to rehearse the demonstration to see whether there will be any
problems, and if so, how to solve such problems or prevent them
from occurring. Next, the teacher should prepare the materials,
tools, and the place that the demonstration will take place. Things
must be arranged neatly for easy handling. Then, there should be
an observation form to facilitate good observation, and questions