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Teaching Strategies and Methodologies for Teaching and Learning

The document outlines various teaching strategies and methodologies for effective classroom instruction, emphasizing the roles of teachers and students in different learning environments. It discusses traditional teaching styles like direct instruction, inquiry-based learning, and cooperative learning, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Additionally, it provides guidance on facilitating discussions and activity-based learning to enhance student engagement and accountability.

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TEACHING STRATEGIES AND METHODOLOGIES FOR TEACHING & LEARNING Prepared By:
The term Teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. Your method depends on what are your goals, your individual style and your school’s vision. Teaching Method
Teachers are the main authority figure Students are viewed as “empty vessels” End goal is testing and assessment Primary role of teachers is to pass knowledge to students. Student learning is measured through objectively scored tests Teacher-Centered Learning
Teachers and students play an equally active role in the learning process Teachers are coaches and facilitator of learning Student learning is measured through authentic assessments using summative and formative tools Teacher-Centered Learning
1. Direct Instruction 2. Inquiry-based learning 3. Cooperative Learning Educational Pedagogy: 3 Teaching Styles
1. Traditional teaching strategy 2. Teachers and professors are the sole supplier of knowledge and information 3. Explicit teaching through lectures and teacher-led demonstrations 4. Effective in teaching basic and fundamental skills across all content areas. Direct Instruction
1. Focuses on student investigation and hands-on learning. 2. Teacher’s primary role is that of a facilitator . 3. Students play an active and participatory role in their own learning process. Inquiry-based Learning
1. Emphasizes group work and a strong sense of community 2. Learners are placed in responsibility of their learning and development . 3. Focuses on the belief that students learn best when working with and learning from their peers. Cooperative Learning
1. Lecturing 2. Discussion 3. Questioning 4. Using audio-visuals Traditional Teaching Strategies
1. Cooperative learning 2. Simulations 3. Problem based learning 4. Self-learning modules Activity-based Strategies
1. Computer-assisted instructions 2. Internet 3. Virtual reality Computer Teaching Strategies
FORMAL DISCUSSIONS  Announced topic  Reading, watching movie – done in advance INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS  Spontaneous TYPES OF DISCUSSIONS
1. Learns problem solving method (groups) 2. Opportunity to apply principles, concepts & theories 3. Clarifies information & concepts 4. Assists to evaluate beliefs/positions (professional, societal or ethical issues) -change in attitudes & values PURPOSES & ADVANTAGES
Make expectations clear.  ‘Students know exactly what they have to do for discussion’ Ex. Chapter to read, watch a video Set ground rules.  Limitations (e.g. time, no. of speakers, interruptions during speech) DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES
Arrange physical space.  Circle sitting arrangement Plan a discussion starter.  Ask participants to come up with opening questions Study questions – handed out prior to meeting DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES
Facilitate, do not discuss.  Refrain from talking. Watch group progress. Keep everyone engage in discussions. Encourage quiet members to participate.  Make eye contact and smile.  Give direct, simple questions: “Mary, what do you think?” DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES
Don’t allow monopolies.  Eye contact. Be blunt when needed.. “We’ve been hearing a lot fro Sarah. Now, let us hear of the rest of you think.” Direct the discussion among group members.  Leaders facilitate. DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES
Keep the discussion on track.  “We seem to have strayed a little fro our topic. Let’s pick up on the last topic that Lot was talking about.” Clarify when confusion reigns.  Recording may help the group. Let them learn the act of clear self-expression. DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES
Tolerate some silence. Silence gives everyone a chance to think. Summarize when appropriate. DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES
ACTIVITY BASED TEACHING STRATEGIES 1. Cooperative learning 2. Simulations 3. Problem based learning 4. Self-learning modules
 Small groups of learners can work together toward achieving shared learning goal.  Learners are aware that they are responsible not only for their own learning but also for that of the others in the group. COOPERATIVE LEARNING
1. Promotes critical thinking 2. Enhances social skill 3. Helps address learning needs & learning styles 4. Members learn to function as a team. ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING
1. Does not cover all content/ topics in syllabus. DISADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING
1. Form of drama – spontaneous acting out of roles (interaction) 2. Lasts for 3 to 5 minutes (illustrates one aspect of human relationship) 3. Expression of non-verbal and verbal behavior, response patterns and implementation of principles ROLE PLAYING
COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTIONS
Drill and Practice  Recognition and application of information Tutorials  Useful teaching material at the rule/concept level Forces teachers from learning some basic material Computer Aided Instruction
Multimedia presentations  May include creating MS PowerPoint presentations, word and EXCEL file. Computer Aided Instruction
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