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2. EMOTIONS

3. EMOTIONS

4. Introduction
 The word emotion comes from Latin
roots
 meaning to “move out” or to “excite” ,
 the motivated person usually moves
physically towards some goal or away
from aversive situation

5. Introduction
 Like motivation emotion can initiate direct or
maintain behavior leading towards pleasant
stimuli or away from danger or unpleasantness
Unpleasant
Behavior
Pleasant

6. Definition
Emotions are feelings that
generally have both physiological
and cognitive elements and that
influence behavior

7. Component of Emotional Behavior
Emotions
Physiological
Behavioral
Cognitive

8. Physiological change
 In psychology emotion is considered a
response to stimuli that involves
characteristic physiological changes
such as
Increase in pulse rate
Rise in body temperature
Change in breathing

9. Cognitive changes
 The cognitive component is how we
interpret certain situations or
stimulations.
 This determines which emotion our
body will feel.
For example;

10. Behavioral changes
 This component has been called the
outward expression of our emotions.
For example
,
Body
gestures
Facial
expressions
Our tone of
voice
These display what emotions we are feeling

11. Characteristics of emotions
 The subjective experience of emotions has several




characteristics
Emotion is transitory which tends to have a clear
begging and shot duration
Emotion experience has a definite pleasant or
unpleasant aspect (either negative or positive)
Emotion experience alters thought process it is usually
diverts the attention towards or away from others
Emotion influence behavior

12. Components
of emotion

13. William James and is followers suggested that an
emotion has following five components
Subjective experience
Internal bodily response
Cognitive Appraisal
Facial experience
Reaction to the perceived source of emotion

14. Functions of emotions
 They help us in communication with
others e.g. facial expressions
 They regulate social behavior
 They create cognitive bias and maintain self
–esteem
 Emotion direct and energize individual’s
thoughts and behavior

15. Aspects of emotions
 While studying the aspects of emotion it become clear
that Cognitive, Conitive and Effective all three
aspects of constitute
 Cognitive process include individual interpretation
memories and expectation
 The overt behavior reaction is expressive and
instrumental
 Psychologist focus on one or another of these aspects
of human emotions

16. Basic emotions
 Robert Plutchik created a wheel of
emotions in 1980 which consisted of 8
basic emotions and
 8 advanced emotions each composed
of 2 basic ones.

17. Basic emotion Basic opposite
 Joy
 Trust
 Fear
 Surprise
 Sadness
 Disgust
 Anger
 Anticipation
Sadness
Disgust
Anger
Anticipation
Joy
Trust
Fear
Surprise

18. He said that all other emotions are
assumed to be a variations of these
eight basic emotions
For example
Love is a combination of joy and
acceptance
Disappointment is a combination of
sadness and surprise

19. Advanced emotion Composed of... Advanced opposite








Optimism
Love
Submission
Awe
Disappointment
Remorse
Contempt
Aggressiveness
Anticipation + Joy
Disappointment
Joy + Trust
Remorse
Trust + Fear
Contempt
Fear + Surprise
Aggressiveness
Surprise + Sadness
Optimism
Sadness + Disgust
Love
Disgust + Anger
Submission
Anger + Anticipation Awe

20. Robert Plutchik Wheel Of Emotion

21. References
 An Approach to Psychology Vol 1






(Rakhshanda Shahnaz)
An Introduction-to-Psychology Psy 101
( Virtual University Pakistan)
Myers Psychology 7th Edition
(James A. McCubbin, PhD
Clemson University)