The document provides an overview of sociology of emotions. It discusses how emotions are studied on both the micro and macro levels in sociology. It also gives examples of how modern institutions like marriage and science shape and regulate emotions. The rest of the document discusses what emotions are, their traits, components, theories of emotion, and significance in daily life, decision making, and Islam.

1. Sociology of Emotions
A brief introduction

2. Group members
Erum Kiyani
Sadia Iqbal
Faiza Kazmi
Jawaria Khanum
Uzma Ather
Ma Yo Yo (Warda)
BS Usuluddin 4th

3. Sociology of emotions
“The sociology of emotion applies sociological theorems and techniques to the
study of human emotions.”
Emotions are studied by sociology on a micro level, such as social roles and
norms, and on a macro level, by social institutions, ideologies etc.
For example, (post-)modern marriage is, on one hand, based on the emotion of
love and on the other hand the very emotion is to be worked on and regulated by
it. Likewise, modern science could not exist without the emotion of curiosity but it
does narrow it leading sometimes to over-specialization of science.

4. What are Emotions?
“An affective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear,
hate, or the like is experienced”

5. Some traits of Emotions
 Emotions are private experiences.
 We use operational definitions because
we cannot actually see feelings.
 We infer observable behavior
associated with emotion.
 Emotions are subjective feelings
 Make us feel in a particular way.
 Anger or joy.
 Meaning and personal significance.
 Vary in intensity and quality.
 Rooted in mental processes (labeling).

6. The shaping of emotions
 Most commonly, social psychologists
treat emotion as a dependent variable-
the product of social influences.
 Positivists view emotions as invariant,
automatic, patterned responses to
particular classes of social stimuli.

7. Components of Emotions
Emotions are expressed by
everyone but how they are
expressed depend upon the
individual which makes
them complicated to
understand. In psychology
we understand emotions to
be subjective experiences
that are companied by
physiological , behavioral
and cognitive changes and
reactions.
Emotions
cognitive
Physiologica
l
behavioral

8. Physiological change
Every emotion produces different
physiological responses with in
body which includes distinct
changes in patterns and brain
activation, neuro transmitter
production, autonomic nervous
system
For example increase in heart rate,
muscular tension, increase in skin
temperature, sweating etc.

9. Cognitive response
The cognitive component,
which emphasizes the
importance of thoughts,
beliefs, and expectations in
determining the type and
intensity of emotional
response. They determine
good or bad emotions

10. Behavior factor
The behavioral
component, which
involves the various
forms of expressions
that emotions may take.
For example facial
expressions, bodily
postures, gestures, and
tone of voice which
changes with anger, joy,
fear, sorrow, etc.

12. Love
Feelings of personal affection and attachment to a particular person or
animal are most commonly associated with love.

13. Love for a child will differ from love for a mother or father, long lasting
friendship. These feelings can be the fire we use to motivate us to excel, or
never “finding a true love” can be the reason some use as to why they never
have achieved great success. Some emotions related to Love include passion,
contentment and adoration.

14. Fear is a human emotion that often has unpleasant side effects. In cases of danger or
extreme violence, post-traumatic stress disorder can result. Fear can also be
protective in that it can help us survive desperate circumstances
Fear

15. There are many different degrees of grief something we have lost, or a painful
emotion we have experienced. The hurt we feel, or psychological suffering are
indicators of this emotion. We can be slightly disappointed or despair.
We may become depressed as a result of grief
Grief

16. Anger can be a result 0f reaction to something or someone mistreating or
intentionally harming you. Anger turned into depression.
Anger is the emotion most avoided, We can then talk solutions, rather than
repress this "hot" emotion
Anger

18. Significance of emotions
 Significance in daily life
 Significance in decision making
 Significance in Islam

19. Significance in daily life
 Impact on behaviors
Feelings are a vital part of our daily life; they help us experience
the world as well as express ourselves and communicate with
others.
 Emotions as motivation
When faced with a nerve-wracking exam, you might feel a lot of
anxiety about whether you will perform well and how the test will
impact your final grade. Because of these emotional responses, you
might be more likely to study. Since you experienced a particular
emotion, you had the motivation to take action and do something
positive to improve your chances of getting a good grade.

20. Emotions help us survive, thrive, and avoid danger
Naturalist Charles Darwin believed that emotions are adaptations that
allow both humans and animals to survive and reproduce. When we are
angry, we are likely to confront the source of our irritation. When we
experience fear, we are more likely to flee the threat. When we feel love,
we might seek out a mate and reproduce.

21. Emotions allow us to understand others
Just as our own emotions provide valuable
information to others, the emotional
expressions of those around us gives us a
wealth of social information. Social
communication is an important part of our
daily lives and relationships, and being able to
interpret and react to the emotions of others is
essential. It allows us to respond
appropriately and build deeper, more
meaningful relationships with our friends,
family, and loved ones.

22. Significance in decision making
Our emotions have a major influence on the
decisions we make, from what we decide to have for
breakfast to which candidates we choose to vote for
in political elections.
Even in situations where we believe our decisions
are guided purely by logic and rationality, emotions
play a key role. Emotional intelligence, or our
ability to understand and manage emotions, has been
shown to play an important role in decision-making.

23. Significance in Islam
 First of all, it’s important to realize that if ALLAH has created us with
emotions, such as anger, sadness, fear, love etc. then they must serve a
purpose that is ultimately to our benefit.
 Islam highly respects and considers human emotion. For example,
when a man came to the Prophet (pbuh) and said he was going to marry
a woman from the ansar he had not seen, the Prophet (pbuh) told him to
go look at her. When the wife of Ibn Thabit asked for a divorce because
of what she felt (despite no ill treatment from her husband), the Prophet
pbuh respected her feelings and granted her the divorce.

25. Theories of Emotion
 James langue theory
 Cannon bard theory
 Kemper theory
 Affect control theory
 Hochshild theory

26. James Lange Theory
“An emotional event occur a response in the autonomic nervous
system, this response is detected by central nervous system to
produce an emotional event”
For example

27. Cannon Bard Theory
Cannon-Bard theory states that we feel emotions fear, joy, grief and
experience physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling and muscle
tension simultaneously.
According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, we react to a stimulus
and experience the associated emotion at the same time.
For example

29. Kemper theory
He proposed that people in social interaction
have positions on two relational dimensions:
status and power. Emotions emerge as
interpersonal events change or maintain
individuals' status and power.
For example person A does not have any love-
related emotions towards person B. However,
upon knowing that person B is a rich CEO of a
department store, person A starts to develop love-
related emotions towards him.

30. Affect Control Theory
“The Affect Control Theory states that an impression-formation process precedes the
emergence of an emotion.”
The theory states that social agents design social actions in such a way that they make
impressions that are suiting for the sentiments that are dominant in an event.
For instance, the antagonist kidnaps an innocent child in a drama. The viewer will have a
negative impression of the antagonist, which generates emotions of anger (or any other
negative emotion) towards the character.

31. Hochschild Theory
“It states that the production of displays
believed as acceptable by a society influences
the manner by which people manage their
emotions and feelings”
The standards of one’s cultures and societal
ideologies affect how he expresses his
emotions and how he attempts to regulate
them.
For example flight attendants, employees etc.