Five basic Expression of Emotions listed in an ancient Chinese book are considered primary emotions by most of western theories. English has more then five hundred emotion related words, but some emotion words in other languages have no English equivalent. Similarly, other Cultures have no equivalent for some English emotion words. Different species have evolved a variety of ways to communicate emotions. For human being, even movement and body positioning can convey a certain amount of emotional information. During conversation, leaning toward and looking directly at one another usually indicates liking, especially between members of opposite sex; leaning back and looking away tends to suggest boredom or hostility.

1. The Hidden Messages Behind Our
Emotions: What Your Feelings Are
Trying to Tell You”
The Key Elements That Make Up Emotion
Emotions are feelings, and most people would agree that happiness is one of them.
sorrow, anger, anxiety, love and hate are feelings, but it is not so easy to identify their
common properties. The word “emotion” comes from Latin roots meaning to “move out”
or to “excite”. The motivated person usually moves physically toward cognitive elements
and that influence behaviour. Every one of us seems to or away from some aversive

2. situation. Dal some goal The emotional person is “moved internally” by psychologically
significant situations. This moving experience of Feelings involves both physiological
reactions and stirred-up feelings. Like motivation, feelings can initiate, direct or maintain
behaviour leading towards pleasant stimuli or Away from danger or unpleasantness.
Feelings are a mixture of physiological Arousal, expressive behaviour and conscious
experience.
Feelings are responses to stimuli, from the challenge of a final exam to the excitement
of a job interview. Feelings motivate, trigger and direct behaviour in these and other
situations. Feelings are highly influenced by learning and cognitive process.
Table of Contents
• Components:
• Characteristics -:
• Function
• Emotional Changes
• Physiological Changes in Emotion-:
• Role of Autonomic Nervous System in Emotion
• Limbic system
Components:
William James and his followers suggested that an Feelings has Following five
components.-; Subjective experience.
Internal bodily responses
Cognitive appraisal Facial expression
Reaction to the perceived source of the Feeling Occurs when our relationship to the
world changes. These reactions include our Feelings are organized psychological and
physiological reactions that subjective experience and objective patterns of behaviour
with physiological Arousal.
Characteristics -:
1). The subjective experience of Feelings has Several characteristics-: Feelings are
transitory, which tends to have a clear beginning and short duration.
2). Emotional experience has a definite pleasant or unpleasant aspect. Emotional
experience is elicited by cognitive appraisal of a situation (either positive or negative).
The same event can create different Feelings as it depends on the individual’s own
perception

3. 3). Emotional experience alters thought processes; it usually directs the own perception.
Attention towards something and away from others.
4). Like motivation, mental experience elicits an action tendency in a certain way.
5). Mental experiences are passions that happen to us; we have some control over
them. Usually, it is according to our interpretation of the situation, the way we interpret
it, and the way we feel. The subjective aspect is related to the self.
6). The objective aspect of Feelings consists of both learned and innate expressive
displays and internal bodily responses

4. Function
Through emotion, people communicate their internal states and intentions to others, but
Feelings also functions to direct and energize individuals thoughts and behaviour.
Feelings trigger and guide cognitions also.
Emotional Changes
Emotional changes can be:
Physiological Changes in Emotion-:
These changes include neural, hormonal (glandular), visceral and muscular. The
systems involved in changes are the following -:
1)Autonomic Nervous
2) Glandular System, especially the Adrenal gland
3)Limbic System
The sympathetic portion of the autonomic system, which is activated during emotional
Arousal, is largely responsible for the physiological changes that occur., as it prepares
the body for emergency action.
In normal life, when we experience an intense Feeligs, such as fear or anger, we
become aware of many bodily changes, which include rapid heartbeat and breathing,
dryness of the throat and mouth, increased muscle tension, perspiration, and trembling
of the extremities.
Role of Autonomic Nervous System in Emotion
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for most of the physiological changes
that accompany emotional reactions. Information between the brain and all organs of
the body. The ANS affects all ANS is the part of the peripheral nervous system that
carries the organs such as the heart and blood vessels, the digestive system and so on.
Each of these organs has ongoing activity independent of the ANS, but Input from ANS
modulates this activity by increasing or decreasing it. The autonomic nervous system
coordinates its functioning to meet the needs of the whole organism and prepares the
body for changes by modulating the activity of the organs.
Autonomic system has two divisions-:

5. Sympathetic Nervous system
Parasympathetic Nervous system
Limbic system
Parts of the limbic system are involved in the display of emotional reactions. It consists
of amygdala, hippocampus and septum. Amygdala is involved in emotional awareness
and expressions through its many connections with higher and lower regions of the
brain. Amygdala also produces reactions of rage and aggression when stimulated.
Septum (another part of the Limbic system) has the opposite effect. It reduces the
intensity of emotional reactions when stimulated. The impact of amygdala and septum
on emotional reactions is quite immediate and direct in non-humans. In humans, it is
more subtle, reflecting the influence of other brain centers.