16. finshing material paints wallpapers plasters
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Plaster is a building material used to coat walls and ceilings, composed of lime, gypsum, sand and water. It is used to protect surfaces, give a smooth finish, and provide decoration. There are two main types of plaster: sand faced plaster which has a smooth finish, and rough cast plaster which has an uneven texture. Paints are made from pigments, binders and solvents and serve protective and decorative purposes on interior and exterior surfaces like walls, bricks and metal. Common types include acrylic, emulsion, enamel and oil-based paints, which are used for different applications depending on their properties. Wallpapers are used to beautify interior walls and provide an attractive appearance, and can be made
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Wall finishes
This document discusses various types of wall finishes and coatings used for interior and exterior surfaces. It describes common finishes like plaster, roughcast plaster, sand faced plaster and their application processes. It also summarizes different types of paints used on walls, their constituents and purposes. Defects in plaster and painting work are outlined as well.
Building suerface finishes
This document provides details on various concrete surface finish techniques and materials. It discusses stucco/cement plaster finishes applied in scratch, brown, and finish coats. Other concrete finishes discussed include rubbed finish, brushed finish, tooled finish, sand-blasted finish, exposed aggregate finish, steel-troweled finish, and integral colored-cement finish. Granolithic and terrazzo floor finishes are also summarized. The document concludes with sections on tile finishes including cement tile, ceramic tile, and resilient floor finishes such as asphalt and vinyl tiles and sheets.
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This document discusses different types of wall finishes. It begins by defining wall finishes as enhancements given to walls to improve interior or exterior appearance. Some key structural wall finishes mentioned include tiles, wood, terracotta, marble wash and stone. The document then focuses on tile finishes, describing different types like ceramic, porcelain, glazed, glass, mosaic and natural stone tiles. It provides details on characteristics and applications of each tile type. Additionally, it covers various wood paneling options for wall finishes like shiplap, board and batten, plank, tongue and groove and bead board. Maintenance requirements are also summarized.
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This document provides flooring material recommendations for different areas of a building. For areas requiring fire resistance, it recommends concrete flooring sealed with polyurethane. For bathrooms, it recommends porcelain floor tiles. For the lounge, it recommends thick carpet. For lobbies and offices, it recommends cork flooring sealed with polyurethane. For kitchens and storage areas, it recommends resilient vinyl plank flooring sealed with polyurethane. The recommendations include product names, sizes, and protective polyurethane coatings tailored to each area's needs.
Benefits of Using Wall Putty before Painting
Wall putty is beneficial to apply before painting to smooth uneven surfaces and create a strong bond between the wall and paint. White cement putty evens surfaces, is water resistant to prevent discoloration, and strengthens the bond between wall and paint. Acrylic putty also evens surfaces, increases paint durability, dries quickly, and provides a smooth, consistent finish. Understanding the benefits of different putties helps choose the best option for a home that is not painted frequently.
Wall coverings
Wall coverings come in many forms including paints, wallpaper, fabrics, wood, and tiles. The type of wall covering chosen depends on the type of wall, such as brick, plaster, or new plaster walls. Common wall covering materials include paints like emulsion, distemper, cement, and aluminum paints; wallpapers that can be surface printed, washable, or embossed; fabric coverings that are stretched or draped; wood paneling in various textures; and ceramic or mosaic tiles. Proper installation and periodic cleaning and maintenance helps wall coverings last.
Surface finishes
This document discusses various surface finishing materials used in construction including stone, plaster, ceramic tiles, facing tiles, ACP sheets, wood, and glass. It then provides details on properties of different types of exterior cladding such as timber cladding, stone cladding, weatherboard cladding, vinyl cladding, metal cladding, concrete cladding, and stucco. The document also discusses types of exterior paints, properties of ceramic tiles, brick tiles, ACP, wood, fiber reinforced plastics, strength and aesthetic properties of glass.
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Wall finishes provide decorative coverings for walls, ceilings and floors and conceal building components. Common internal wall finishes include plaster, paint, wallpaper, wood panelling, cement plaster, laminate, tiles and mirrors. Finishes are either self finishes that are inherent in the material or applied finishes that require application on site. Factors like intended use, maintenance needs and durability must be considered when selecting wall finishes. Proper application and allowing finishes to fully dry is important to prevent damage.
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Wall putty is beneficial to apply before painting to smooth uneven surfaces and create a strong bond between the wall and paint. White cement putty evens surfaces, is water resistant to prevent discoloration, and strengthens the bond between wall and paint. Acrylic putty also evens surfaces, increases paint durability, dries quickly, and provides a smooth, consistent finish. Understanding the benefits of different putties helps choose the best option for a home that is not painted frequently.
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Wall coverings come in many forms including paints, wallpaper, fabrics, wood, and tiles. The type of wall covering chosen depends on the type of wall, such as brick, plaster, or new plaster walls. Common wall covering materials include paints like emulsion, distemper, cement, and aluminum paints; wallpapers that can be surface printed, washable, or embossed; fabric coverings that are stretched or draped; wood paneling in various textures; and ceramic or mosaic tiles. Proper installation and periodic cleaning and maintenance helps wall coverings last.
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Tiles
This document provides information on the manufacturing process of tiles. It discusses the four main stages: preparation of clay, moulding, drying, and burning.
For the preparation of clay, suitable clay is extracted, crushed, and mixed into a homogeneous mixture using a pug mill. There are three main moulding methods: wooden pattern, potter's wheel, and machine moulding. Tiles are then dried under a shed to protect from weather.
Burning is the final and most important stage. Tiles are stacked in kilns and fired at increasing temperatures over 72 hours to vitrify the tiles. Proper temperature control is crucial. The document also discusses various tile types like floor, roof
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1. Plastering is done for protection, smooth surfaces, decoration, and to conceal defects. Requirements include adhesion, affordability, hardness, and workability.
2. Common plaster types include sand faced, rough cast, pebbled dash, and smooth cast.
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Colors and paints
This document provides information about various types of paints:
- It describes different types of paints classified by base used (oil, alkyd, latex, epoxy) and properties (rust inhibiting, fire retardant, heat resistant, intumescent).
- Primers, sealers, emulsions, enamels, texture paints, cement paints, and their uses are outlined.
- The painting process including surface preparation, primer coating, putty coat, finish coats and methods of application are summarized.
- Specific paint product lines from Berger including those for exterior, interior, metal, wood and children are named.
- The document concludes with information on lead in paint
Floor finish
Manish Jain
Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment
Bhawani Singh Road
C-scheme , Jaipur -302001
Rajasthan ( INDIA)
Ph. 91-0141-2743536 , 91-9829063132
Email: fdarchitect@gmail.com
Web : www.frontdesk.co.in
Protective And Decorative Coatings.
This slide contains various types of plastering and cement for buildings.
It is useful for both Engineering and Architecture Students for education . Presented by Lakshmi Kumari.R,School Of Architecture,CIET.
Lakshmi
This document discusses various types of protective and decorative coating materials used in plastering. Some key materials mentioned include plaster of paris, which is a quick-setting gypsum plaster used since ancient times. Acoustic plaster contains fibres or aggregates to absorb sound and is used in rooms requiring good acoustics. Barium plaster contains barium sulphate and is used as a protective coating in X-ray rooms to absorb radiation. Granite silicon plaster is weather resistant and provides a hydrophobic layer permeable to water vapor.
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3. Defects can include blistering, cracking, efflorescence, flaking, peeling, and popping. Cracking is caused by structural issues or drying movements.
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The following research is about ceramic tiles, its composition, properties, manufacturing process, parameters.
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- Primers, sealers, emulsions, enamels, texture paints, cement paints, and their uses are outlined.
- The painting process including surface preparation, primer coating, putty coat, finish coats and methods of application are summarized.
- Specific paint product lines from Berger including those for exterior, interior, metal, wood and children are named.
- The document concludes with information on lead in paint
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Manish Jain
Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment
Bhawani Singh Road
C-scheme , Jaipur -302001
Rajasthan ( INDIA)
Ph. 91-0141-2743536 , 91-9829063132
Email: fdarchitect@gmail.com
Web : www.frontdesk.co.in
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BUILDING MATERIALS NOTES
Internal building materials play a crucial role in the overall performance, aesthetics, and sustainability of buildings. Here are some key aspects highlighting their importance:
Structural Integrity: Internal building materials such as concrete, steel, timber, and masonry provide the structural framework for buildings. They must be selected and installed correctly to ensure the structural integrity and stability of the building, ensuring it can withstand loads and environmental forces.
Thermal Performance: The choice of internal building materials greatly influences the thermal performance of a building. Insulating materials such as foam insulation, fiberglass, or mineral wool help regulate indoor temperatures, reduce heat loss in winter, and minimize heat gain in summer. Proper insulation can lead to energy savings and improved comfort for occupants.
Acoustic Comfort: Internal building materials play a crucial role in controlling sound transmission within buildings. Materials with good acoustic properties, such as sound-absorbing ceiling tiles, acoustic panels, or double-glazed windows, can help reduce noise levels, improve speech intelligibility, and create quieter and more comfortable indoor environments.
Indoor Air Quality: The selection of internal building materials can impact indoor air quality, as some materials may emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or other harmful substances. Choosing low-emission materials, such as paints, adhesives, and finishes with low VOC content, can help maintain healthy indoor air quality and minimize the risk of respiratory problems and other health issues for occupants.
Aesthetics and Design: Internal building materials contribute significantly to the aesthetic appeal and design of buildings. The texture, color, and finish of materials such as flooring, wall cladding, and cabinetry influence the overall look and feel of interior spaces. Carefully selected materials can enhance the visual appeal of buildings, create cohesive design schemes, and evoke specific atmospheres or styles.
Durability and Maintenance: Internal building materials should be selected based on their durability and maintenance requirements. Durable materials such as ceramic tiles, hardwood flooring, and high-quality paints can withstand wear and tear, reduce the need for frequent repairs or replacements, and contribute to the long-term sustainability of buildings.
Sustainability and Environmental Impact: Choosing sustainable building materials, such as recycled content materials, renewable resources, or products with low embodied energy, can reduce the environmental impact of construction and contribute to green building initiatives. Sustainable materials help conserve natural resources, minimize waste generation, and promote a more environmentally responsible approach to building design and construction.
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04 masonry
This document provides information on building technology related to mortars, plasters, and unit masonry. It defines mortars and plasters, and describes different types of cement mortars, plasters, and their uses. It also defines key terms related to unit masonry such as bed, course, and wythe/tier.
Plastering
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. Another imprecise term used for the material is stucco, which is also often used for plasterwork that is ...
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building finishes,architecture,building materials and construction
This document discusses various types of wall finishes for both interior and exterior surfaces. It describes flexible wall coverings like wallpaper, vinyl, fabric and cork that can be used on plaster or drywall surfaces. It also discusses different types of wood panels, plywood, and cement-based finishes like textured cement, cement plaster and marble powder finishes that provide decorative aesthetic options for walls. Mosaic tile and glass mosaic tile finishes are also covered as attractive wall covering alternatives.
PLASTER.pptx
PLASTER
OBJECTIVE OF PLASTER
PROPERTIES OF GOOD PLASTER
TOOLS USED IN PLASTERING
METHOD OF PLASTERING
TYPES OF PLASTER
LIME PLASTER
CEMENT PLASTER
MUD PLASTER
STUCCO PLASTER
TYPES OF FINISHING
SMOOTH CAST
ROUGH CAST
PEBBLE DASH
TEXTURED FINISH
DEFECT IN PLASTER WORK
CRACKING
EFFLORESCENCE
FALLING OUT PLASTER
BLOWING OF PLASTER
PREVENTION METHOD
Plastering
Plastering is the process of covering rough surfaces and uneven surfaces with a plastic material, called plaster or mortar to obtain an even , smooth , regular , clean & durable surface.
Paints, varnishes & distempers
Paint is a liquid composition that forms a solid film after application. It has pigments, a binder, additives, and a solvent. The main functions of paint are to give attractive colors, protect surfaces from weathering, and decorate structures. There are several types of paints including oil paints, emulsion paints, synthetic paints, and varnishes. Proper surface preparation and application techniques help ensure a high quality paint job.
Lecture 01
This document discusses different types of plaster used in construction. It defines plaster as a mixture of lime, gypsum, sand and water that hardens into a smooth solid used to coat walls and ceilings. Ten types of plaster are classified including lime plaster, surki plaster, lime-surki plaster, neeru plaster, mughal plaster, mud plaster, cement plaster, stucco plaster, gypsum plaster and mosaic/terrazzo plaster. For each type, the materials, application process and uses are outlined. Plaster is used to create smooth, finished surfaces and protect against weathering and defects.
paintsvarnishesdistempers-180922094507.pdf
Paint is a liquid composition that is applied to surfaces to protect them, decorate them, and make them last longer. It consists of pigments, a binder, solvents, and additives. There are many types of paints including oil paints, emulsion paints, synthetic paints, varnishes, distemper, enamel paint, and more, which are used for different purposes depending on the material being coated and environmental conditions.
Technology(2)
Stone, cement, mortar, concrete, plaster and ceramics are the main construction materials discussed. Stone is a natural material used for foundations, walls and decorations. Cement is produced through grinding and baking minerals and is used to bind other materials. Mortar is a cement, sand and water mixture used to lay bricks. Concrete is mortar with added pebbles, used to make structures. Ceramics, mainly bricks, are baked clay products used for walls. The phases of construction include paperwork, site preparation, framing, interior/exterior finishes and final touches.
TYPES OF FLOORING IN HOTELS
The document discusses various types of floor and wall coverings. It describes hard floorings like stone, concrete, ceramic and their advantages such as durability. Semi-hard floorings discussed include linoleum, cork and rubber. Soft floorings mentioned are carpets and rugs. For walls, it outlines paints, wallpapers, tiles and other coverings. Key factors in choosing appropriate flooring and wall finishes are described as appearance, comfort, durability, maintenance and cost.
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Exterior and interior Finishes- Building Construction
Exterior and interior Finishes- Building Construction
building finishes,architecture,building materials and construction
building finishes,architecture,building materials and construction
More from Noshad Ahmed Wahocho
Village as a focal point of planning and development
Village can serve as a focal point for planning and development when it has certain key characteristics and facilities. A village becomes a focal point as it develops surrounding facilities that help it grow. Basic village facilities include a post office, administration buildings, shops, religious buildings, schools, and agriculture. For a village to be suitable for development, it needs a measurable population and to be surrounded by other development. Planning and development of villages should consider input from local communities and monitor progress against objectives.
Zoning plan, planning and design for land use
Zoning describes the control of land use and buildings by authorities who divide land into zones where certain uses are permitted. The primary purpose of zoning is to separate incompatible uses, such as residential, agricultural, commercial, and industrial. Planning is the process of making and organizing plans to achieve goals in an efficient and effective manner. Design for land use planning refers to the different patterns, styles, and themes used in planning for how land is utilized.
Town park , elements for design a town park
This document discusses elements to consider when designing a town park. It defines a town as an urban area with a name and local government that is larger than a village but smaller than a city. A town park is an area set aside for recreation and enjoyment that may include grassy areas, trees, and structures. When designing a town park, both active recreation facilities like sports fields and passive recreation areas for quiet activities should be included. Elements of design include accessibility, infrastructure, parking, irrigation, facilities for all ages and groups, and conserving resources through balanced use.
Town center plan
The document provides recommendations for developing a town center, including infrastructure, land use, landscaping, and architecture elements. It recommends installing a walkover near the town for pedestrians and bicyclists, designing the town center for pedestrians while allowing vehicles, and placing delivery areas and utilities behind buildings. The recommendations also include standards for fences, foundations, porches, roofs, windows, outbuildings, shutters, parking, landscaping, building heights, and infrastructure like underground utilities and street lighting. It suggests targeting the town center for multifamily development with height restrictions and view corridors, and improving transportation infrastructure with collector roads, bike routes, and speed limits.
The need of integrated approach towards planning of various components parts
The document discusses the need for an integrated approach to urban planning. An integrated approach combines all relevant factors like economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits. It ensures participation from all stakeholders and departments. Some key advantages include more sustainable solutions and increased resources by having more actors involved. Success requires communication between actors, identifying common goals, and managing the planning process. Effective strategies integrate the environment into existing urban planning tools rather than separate approaches. An integrated approach considers all environmental, social, and economic impacts across sectors and natural resources. Modern cities like Shanghai are examples where an integrated planning approach includes energy aspects at the urban form, mobility, building, and living levels.
Space standards and requirments for different land use activites, densities
This document discusses standards and requirements for open space and different land uses. It provides guidelines for open space percentages based on population size ranging from 0.5-7% for over 500,000 people to 0.5-2% for 25,000-49,000 people. Requirements are outlined for housing, commercial, and industrial land uses. Housing requires accessibility, infrastructure, and being away from industry. Commercial needs to be central with accessibility and infrastructure while industry requires accessibility, loading areas, and separation from residences.
Process of planning and designing a new town
The document discusses the process of planning and designing a new town. It outlines the key steps: (1) identifying problems/objectives, (2) gathering information, (3) analyzing information, (4) determining alternative plans, (5) selecting a plan, (6) detailing sequencing and timing, and (7) checking progress. New towns are purposefully planned to provide housing, facilities, and recreational areas as self-sufficient communities to ease overcrowding in existing cities. Examples of new towns in India include Navi Mumbai, New Town Kolkata, and Lavasa near Pune.
Planning of parking for cbd
Parking is a major challenge in central business districts (CBDs) due to their high urban density and tall buildings which attract many people and demand parking spaces. There are several types of parking options for CBDs including on-street parking, parking lots, multi-story parking garages, parking structures, and bicycle corrals. Multi-story parking garages are buildings with multiple floors for parking cars both indoors and outdoors to maximize available spaces in high-demand areas like CBDs.
Planning concept of new delhi
New Delhi was designed in the early 20th century to serve as the capital of British-controlled India. It was designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker in a grandiose colonial style inspired by Mughal architecture. Construction began in the 1920s on a symmetrical grid layout with wide boulevards, bisected by a central axis containing government buildings. Some of the most prominent architectural buildings included Rashtrapati Bhavan, the residence of the President of India, and the circular Parliament House, as well as Connaught Place, a commercial hub, and memorial structures like India Gate.
Planning concept of chandigrah city
Chandigarh is India's first planned city, designed by French architect Le Corbusier. It is a union territory serving as the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana. The city was planned on a grid system divided into sectors with strict architectural controls. Each sector is self-sufficient and includes amenities like schools and shops. The road network follows a "7Vs" system separating vehicles and pedestrians. Landscaping and open spaces were an important part of the original plan.
Planning concept of Chandigarh city.
Chandigarh is India's first planned city, designed by French architect Le Corbusier. It is a union territory serving as the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana. The city was planned on a grid system divided into sectors with strict architectural controls. Each sector is self-sufficient and includes amenities like schools and shops. The road network follows a "7Vs" system separating vehicles and pedestrians. Landscaping and open spaces were an important part of the original plan.
Neighbourhood city
The document discusses the concept and principles of neighborhood planning. Neighborhood planning aims to give communities direct power to develop a shared vision for their neighborhood and shape development in their local area. It involves planning for housing, businesses, transportation, renewable energy, and other infrastructure. The purpose is to create safe, healthy neighborhoods where residents have walking access to schools, shops, work, and recreation. Sustainable principles of neighborhood planning include thorough preparation, building on neighborhood assets, involving residents, building neighborhood capacity, transparency, and democratic decision-making.
Neighborhood planning
The neighborhood is defined as a combination of two or more mohallas according to the National Reference Manual. It can also be defined as the smallest unit which serves the local community and encourages neighborhood spirit. Characteristics of a neighborhood include a secondary school, mosque, and population of around 25,000 people. Neighborhood planning was conceived as a means to insulate communities from increasing traffic and gives residents power to develop a shared vision and shape local development. Elements of neighborhood planning include facilities, sector size, street systems, boundaries, and layout of buildings. The goals are to foster socialization, support a safe environment, provide safety and share public amenities.
Modern city islamabad
The document provides an overview of the modern city of Islamabad, Pakistan. It discusses how the city was originally planned in the late 1950s according to a hierarchical system of communities and transportation to reduce travel times and promote green transportation. It also describes how the master plan was developed based on the area's topography and location between other cities. However, the population has since increased significantly from the original plan, forcing changes to the infrastructure and master plan. While the gridiron road pattern is convenient and efficient, it has also led to more traffic accidents due to the numerous intersections.
Modern city brasilia
Brasilia is the purpose-built capital of Brazil, located in the center-west region. It was founded in 1960 to serve as a new, more centrally located capital instead of Rio de Janeiro. Brasilia has a planned, sector-based design and is a center of government, hosting the branches of the federal government and over 100 foreign embassies. While initially planned for 500,000 people, Brasilia's population has grown faster due to internal migration and now numbers over 2.5 million.
Layout plan of housing
This document discusses housing layout plans and public facilities. It describes basic building forms like blocks, towers, and courtyard apartments. Blocks are wider than they are tall with apartments arranged along a central corridor. Towers have a vertical form and centralized zone. Courtyard apartments provide side open spaces like communal courtyards. Rectilinear street grids create uniform blocks and intersecting streets, while cul-de-sacs are closed roads with one inlet/outlet. Public facilities provided by the government include services that cannot be supplied to individual homes, and satisfy community needs for safety, communication, recreation, education, health, culture and administration.
Layout plan of housing blocks and public facilities and services
This document discusses layout patterns for housing blocks and public facilities and services. It defines layout as an arrangement or plan, especially the schematic arrangement of parts or areas. It then describes common layout patterns like rectilinear/gridiron layouts with uniform blocks and right angle streets, cul-de-sacs which limit through traffic, and radiocentric, star, and ring patterns. It also defines public facilities and services as infrastructure financed by the government like roads, transportation, utilities, schools, hospitals and discusses their significance for quality of life.
Layout of roads and streets
The document discusses the layout of roads and streets. For roads, it describes the information needed in schematic layouts submitted for review, including general project details, interchange and alignment locations, profiles, typical sections, and traffic volumes. For streets, it emphasizes that layout is important for travel and connecting neighborhoods. New developments should encourage walking, cycling and public transit by prioritizing people over traffic and creating well-connected, safe and accessible places. Quality design considers accessibility, efficient use of space, and integrating with neighboring areas through scale, density and access.
Landscaping and open spaces
Landscaping involves modifying the visible features of an area of land through living elements like plants, natural elements like landforms, and abstract elements like weather. Landscaping is important for making yards beautiful and enhancing the environment. Objectives of landscaping include maintaining urban landscape character, preserving trees and grass, and enhancing public spaces. Open spaces are undeveloped land accessible to the public, such as parks, playgrounds, and vacant lots. They provide recreation and beautify neighborhoods. Guidelines for open spaces recommend they be adequately sized, accessible, well-designed, protected from wind, have amenities, access to sunlight, lighting, and be open and safe for public use.
13. british planning practices in india and pakistan
British planning practices in Pakistan and India began in the 19th century when the British arrived and began changing existing towns. During the British period, cantonment towns and civil lines were built adjacent to existing settlements. To improve civic conditions, the British introduced improvement trusts like the Bombay Improvement Trust in 1898 to implement town planning schemes and clear poorer homes from city centers, though many residents were not rehoused. In 1915, Patrick Geddes visited India and proposed collecting data and using "conservative surgery" for existing cities. The British emphasized functional efficiency, public health, and segregating land uses in their planning concepts. They also established the railway system, beginning with a proposed line from Karachi to Kotri in 1858.
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16. finshing material paints wallpapers plasters
- 2. *Plaster A mixture of lime, gypsum, sand and water, sometimes fiber added that hardens to a smooth solid and used for coating walls and ceilings.
- 3. *Objects Of Plastering Plastering is done to achieve the following objects. <>For Protection of external surfaces against penetration of rain water. <>To give smooth surface in which dust and dirt cannot lodge. <>To give decorative effect. <>To protect surfaces from vermin(insects, bacteria)
- 4. * Types of Plasters There are two types of plasters which are mostly used for the beautification of walls. 1-Sand Faced Plaster sand faced plaster are composed of sand and rendering cement. There is particular ratio of cement and sand is used. In this plaster surface is kept well watered atleast for 15 days. *Smooth cast plaster is type of sand faced plaster which is used for internal walls.
- 6. 2-Rough Cast Plaster This plaster is a mixture of sand and gravel in specified proportion dashed over a freshly plastered surface. *Depter plaster It is type of rough cast plaster which is used for the internal walls. *Pebbled dash plaster It is another type of rough cast plaster which is used for outer walls. In this plaster small stones are used to give different texture to the wall which beautify the wall.
- 10. • *PAINTS A COLOURED SUBSTANCE WHICH IS SPREAD OVER A SURFACE AND DRIES TO LEAVE A THIN DECORATIVE OR PROTECTIVE COATING. NOW QUESTION ARISES *FROM WHAT MATERIALS THEY ARE MADE UP OF ? *FOR WHAT PURPOSES THEY ARE USED?
- 11. * PAINTS ARE MADE UP OF PIGMENTS, BINDERS, SOLVENT AND WIDE RANGE OF ADDITIVES. * PAINTS ARE USED TO PROTECT BRICK WORK AND CONCRETE WORK FROM THE COROCIVE EFFECTS OF WHEATHER, HEAT, MOISTURE OR GASES ETC TO IMPROVE THEIR APPERIENCES. PAINTS ARE ALSO USED FOR BEAUTIFICATION PURPOSES. *TYPES OF PAINT ARCYLIC PAINTS THEY ARE MADE OF ARCYLIC RESIN , BINDER , PIGMENT. THEY ARE USED FOR INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR BOTH WALL PAINTING, NEWLY PLASTERED WALL, NEWLY CONSTRUCTED BRICK WALLS AND METALIC SURFACES. THEY ARE HIGHLY RESISTANCE OF WATER . THEY DRY QUICKLY.
- 12. *EMULSION PAINTS EMULSION PAINTS ARE MADE OF ALKYD RESIN BINDER, PIGMENTS, EXTENDERS, WATER, ADDITIVES. EMULSION PAINT IS TYPE OF PAINT THAT IS USED FOR THE INTERIOR DECORATION WITH AN EMPHASIS ON PAINTING WALLS AND CEILINGS. EMULSION PAINT GIVES VERY GLOSSY FINISH. *ENAMEL PAINTS ENAMEL PAINTS ARE COMPOSED OF ALKYD RESIN, PIGMENT, BINDER. ENAMEL PAINTS ARE DURABLE AND HAVE HARD FINISH. ENAMEL PAINTS ARE USED IN INTERIOR WALLS AND OUTDOORS OR BE SUBJECTED TO HEAVY WEAR SUCH AS DOORS, CHAIRS, STAIRS. TWO TYPES OF ENAMELS:- OIL ENAMEL AND WATER ENAMEL. OIL ENAMELS ARE NOT WASHABLE WATER ENAMEL ARE WASHABLE.
- 15. *OIL PAINTS THE OIL PAINT IS MADE BY MIXING PIGMENT CONTAINING THE COLOUR WITH OIL. THE OIL PAINTS ARE WIDELY AND COMONLY USED FOR PAINTING WOODEN AND METALLIC SURFACES IN ALL KINDS OF DECORATIVE WORKS. IN THESE PAINTS VARIOUS OILS LIKE LINSEED OIL, POPPY OIL AND CASTOR OIL ETC ARE USED AS CARRIER. * IT IS SLOW DRIER THEN OTHER PAINTS BUT LONG LASTING AS COMPARE TO OTHER PAINTS. BASICALLY THE ARE USED FOR WOODWORKS, DOORS, FURNITURE AS WELL AS FOR THE BORDERS OF WALLS.
- 16. * WALLPAPERS WALLPAPERS ARE BASICLY USED FOR THE BEAUTIFICATION OF INTERIOR WALLS AS WELL AS FOR THE ATTRACTIVE LOOK WALLPAPERS ARE ACTUALLY MADE UP OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS SUCH AS FABRICK, SILK, VINYL AND GRASS CLOTH.