Tiles -What are Tiles -Manufacturing -Origin -Advantages -Types of Tiles

1. TILES

2. Index
• Introduction
• Manufacturing
• Origin
• Advantages
• Types of Tiles

3. Introduction
A tile is a thin object usually square or rectangular in
shape. Tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing
material such as ceramic, stone, metal, baked clay, or
even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors,
walls, or other objects such as tabletops.

4. Manufacturing
Raw Materials
• Sand
• White clay
• Talc
• Feldspar
• Calcite
• Dolomite
Mixing
• All the Raw Materials are
crushed in an uniform size
• Sometimes, water is added
and the ingredients are wet
milled or in a ball mill
• Excess water is removed using
filter pressing followed by
spray drying

5. Extrusion
• The dry powder is
mechanically placed into
mould of required size
• The body of the tile is
pressed to that size in a
hydraulic press
• The pressure apllied
ranges from 3500 to 7200
tons
Racking And Deracking
• Temporary storage process
• Helps in removing excess
moisture, if present
• Also helps in the products to
get stable

6. Firing
• Most important part of the process
because it will determine
1. Mechanical Strengh
2. Dimensional
3. Stability
4. Chemical Resistance
5. Ease of maintenance
6. Fire Resistance
• Fired at temp of around 1220 C in
approximately 40 min process
Glazing
• Unglazed, extruded tiles are fired after
the drying stage
• Ceramic tiles have a single or multiple
coats of glaze applied
• The glaze adds protection texture and
enhances chemical resistance
• Silica is the prime component of glaze

7. Origin
Historically, man has desired to create living spaces which
were beautiful, durable, and user friendly. with that in mind,
ceramic tile has been made by man for 4000 years.
Beautiful tiled surfaces have been found in the oldest
pyramids, the ruins of Babylon, and ancient ruins of Greek
cities.
Decorative tile work was invented in the near east. where it
has enjoyed a longer popularity and assumed a greater
variety of design than anywhere in the world.
During the Islamic period, all methods of tile decoration were
brought to perfection in Persia

8. Painted and glazed
tile of around 880
B.C, Nimrud. Glazed bricks relief tile wall,
from the palace of Persepolis
around 518 B.C. Iran
Glazed bricks relief tile wall, the Ishtar gate
at Babylon, around 575 B.C. ,Iraq.
Relief tile of the early 13th century, Afghanistan

9. In Europe decorated tiles dld not come into general use
outside Moorish Spain until the second half of the 1 2th
century. The tile mosaics of Spain and Portugal, the
maiolica floor tiles of renaissance Italy, the faiences of
Antwerp, the development of tile iconography in
England and in the Netherlands, and the ceramic tiles
of Germany are all prominent landmarks in the history
of ceramic tile.

10. Advantages
1. Durability
Tile is extremely resilient when it comes to staining and
wear. Tile is perfect for placement in high traffic areas. It
doesn’t have strong impact resistance, though: if you
drop a heavy object on tile, it’s as likely to crack as
anything else.

11. 2. Low Maintenance
Because it is so durable, tile doesn’t need much in the way of
upkeep. They’ll need to be cleaned, just like any other surface in
your home that gets dirty. You’ll want to apply a sealant on your
tile about once every 4-5 years. Aside from that, you don’t have
much to worry about when it comes to keeping your tiles in good
shape.
3. Cost Effective
tiles are very cost effective: they’re one of the cheapest flooring
surfaces available. When you factor the initial cost of purchasing
the tile and installing them with their longevity and lack of costly
maintenance, it becomes clear that tiles are worth every penny.
Of course this also depends on the type of tile you use: there are
more expensive and high-end tiles on the market.

12. 4. Water Resistant
Tiles have a glazed protective layer on their surface that
makes them impervious to water damage and stain
penetration. This is why tile is so often used to floor
bathrooms. They’re also naturally resistant to humidity,
making them ideal for flooring an area that is very hot or
moist.
5. Eco-Friendly
Tile is usually made out of raw materials like glass, sand and
clay. These materials often get combined with other recycled
materials to form ceramic tiles. They also can literally affect
your personal environment: they can reduce your heating
bills by keeping your house cool in the summer and warm in
the winter by serving as a form of insulation.

13. 6. Resale Value
Installing tile in your home can also prove to be profitable in
the long run if you’re going to put your house on the market.
There have been many cases where adding a tile floor to a
house tremendously increased its resale value. An attractive
tile floor could possibly add thousands of dollars to your
home’s value.
7. Air Quality
Tiles are fired in kilns at extremely high temperatures, making
it so they contain no volatile organic compounds. This is
important as VOCs contribute to a wide range of health
problems. Some other forms of flooring (like vinyl and carpet)
have low VOC output, but none can stand toe to toe with
tiles.

14. ROOF
TILES

15. Roof Tiles
Roof tiles are designed mainly to keep out rain, and are
traditionally made from locally available materials such
as terracotta or slate. Modern materials such
as concrete and plastic are also used and some clay tiles
have a waterproof glaze.

16. Flat tiles
The simplest type, which are laid in
regular overlapping rows. An example of
this is the clay-made "beaver-tail" tile
(German Biberschwanz), common in
Southern Germany. Flat roof tiles are
usually made of clay but also may be
made of stone, wood, plastic, concrete,
or solar cells.

17. Imbrex and tegula
An ancient Roman pattern of curved
and flat tiles that make rain channels
on a roof.

18. Roman tiles
Flat in the middle, with
a concave curve at one end and
a convexcurve at the other, to allow
interlocking.

19. Pantiles
With an S-shaped profile, allowing adjacent tiles
to interlock. These result in a ridged pattern
resembling a ploughed field. An example of this
is the "double Roman" tile, dating from the late
19th century in England and US.

20. Mission or barrel tiles
Semi-cylindricaltiles laid in
alternating columns of convex and
concave tiles. Originally they were
made by forming clay around a
curved surface, often a log or the
maker's thigh. Today barrel tiles are
mass-produced from clay, metal,
concrete or plastic.

21. Interlocking roof tiles
Similar to pantiles with side
and top locking to improve
protection from water and
wind.

22. Antefixes
Vertical blocks which
terminate the covering
tiles of a tiled roof.

23. Benefits
• Durable- these tiles are said to last 100 years if maintained.
• quite hardy- they can withstand temperature fluctuation and can take heavy raima and
gusty winds.
• non-combustible- protection from fire
• controls internal temperature- these tiles reflect extreme heat and lower the internal
temperature
• looks beautiful- these are available in many colors, shapes, sizes

24. WALL
TILES

25. Wall Tiles
The wall tiles are employed in the interior as well as the
exterior of the building. This is mainly employed based
on the requirement of decoration or aesthetics. These
belong to the class of ceramics and are called as white
wares. Tiles that are used on walls are available in both
glazed and in the unglazed forms. Mostly the wall tiles
are glazed by a thin layer of glazing when it is available
in the market.

26. Vinyl Tiles
These are made from synthetic materials.
You’ll realize them in different colors,
styles, and shapes. Vinyl wall tiles are
easier to work with and cheaper
compared to different tiles. For those
who are on a restricted budget will make
use of those for their walls. They need to
be installed properly for making a perfect
looking wall which may last longer.

27. Mosaic Tiles
They are made of different types of
clay and colored pigments, the tile
style is very colorful and come with
distinctive patterns. Only the
surface portion of these is glazed.

28. Glass Tiles
The glass tiles are available in various
colors and shapes. You’ll find clear glass
tiles, frosted and bubble glass tiles. Use
of glass tile that is obvious will reveal the
tile backing used while the frosted kind is
perfect if you wish to form a flat and
opaque surface. The bubble varieties are
very attractive because they have tiny
bubbles in between that increase the
pattern of the tiles.

29. Marble Tiles
These tiles are manufactured from
marble and are typically very
expensive. However, use of these
tiles will bring about a great
transformation to the design and
feel of the rooms. They are durable
and keep off allergy manufacturing
irritants. You’ll choose from a large
range of styles and patterns.

30. Glazed Ceramic Tiles
They have a glossy look and are
available in various colors and
styles. Completely waterproof tiles
are usually made of clay. These are
good for using as shower tiles, in
pools and places wherever water is
present. You’ll find different
varieties like high gloss, matte end,
and slip resistant.

31. Benefits
1. Hygienic and Easy to Clean it is much easier to maintain than paint, wall paper, or other
materials. You can choose from a range of finishes such as matt, glossy, or semi-glossy. To
keep the tiles clean, all you need to do is wipe them from time to time.
2. Moisture Resistant Because wall tile is resistant to moisture and humidity, it is ideal for
damp environments such as bathrooms and kitchens. It does not swell or deform when
exposed to high levels of moisture.
3. Mold and Fungus Resistant wall tile is impervious to moisture and humidity. This trait
improves its resistance to mold, bacteria and fungi. As a result, you have an easier time
keeping toxins and bacteria from developing on your walls.
4. Long Lasting wall tiles are durable and long lasting. They do not crack, fade, or break under
pressure.
5. Odor Resistant Unlike other materials that may absorb and hold odors, ceramic wall tile
does not absorb smells. It is ideal for use in kitchens.

32. FLOOR
TILES

33. • Some stone tiles such as polished granite, marble, and travertine are
very slippery when wet. Stone tiles with a riven (split) surface such as
slate or with a sawn and then sandblasted or honed surface will be
more slip-resistant. Ceramic tiles for use in wet areas can be made
more slip-resistant either by using very small tiles so that the grout
lines acts as grooves or by imprinting a contour pattern onto the face
of the tile.
• The hardness of natural stone tiles varies such that some of the softer
stone (e.g. limestone) tiles are not suitable for very heavy-traffic floor
areas. On the other hand, ceramic tiles typically have a glazed upper
surface and when that becomes scratched or pitted the floor looks
worn, whereas the same amount of wear on natural stone tiles will not
show, or will be less noticeable.
Floor Tiles

34. • The tendency of floor tiles to stain depends not only on a sealant
being applied, and periodically reapplied, but also on their porosity or
how porous the stone is. Slate is an example of a less porous stone
while limestone is an example of a more porous stone. Different
granites and marbles have different porosities with the less porous
ones being more valued and more expensive.``
• Most vendors of stone tiles emphasize that there will be variation in
color and pattern from one batch of tiles to another of the same
description and variation within the same batch. Stone floor tiles tend
to be heavier than ceramic tiles and somewhat more prone to
breakage during shipment.

35. • Rubber floor tiles have a variety of uses, both in residential and
commercial settings. They are especially useful in situations where it is
desired to have high-traction floors or protection for an easily
breakable floor. Some common uses include flooring of garage,
workshops, patios, swimming pool decks, sport courts, gyms, and
dance floors.
• Plastic floor tiles including interlocking floor tiles that can be installed
without adhesive or glue are a recent innovation and are suitable for
areas subject to heavy traffic, wet areas and floors that are subject to
movement, damp or contamination from oil, grease or other
substances that may prevent adhesion to the substrate. Common uses
include old factory floors, garages, gyms and sports complexes, schools
and shops.

36. Plastic floor tile
Rubber floor tile
SlateCeramic tile
Natural stone tile
Grout tile

37. THANK YOU