The document discusses waste management practices for construction sites. It outlines the waste management hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, disposal. It emphasizes identifying and separating waste streams. Regulations require a waste management plan and proper handling, transport, and disposal of waste, including hazardous waste. Good practices include designating a waste manager, separating waste, and using prefabricated materials to reduce waste. Metrics like the BRE SMARTWaste tool can benchmark waste.

1. WASTE CONTROL
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2. WASTE CONTROL
 Waste management on site should follow a
hierarchy and have a policy of identifying why,
how and where waste are occurring.
 Waste stream identification.
The Government construction site waste
hierarchy are as follow:
 Reduce the amount of waste produced
 Re-use the material where possible
 Recycle the material where possible
 Recovery of any component parts or materials
 Disposal as the last resort

3. WASTE CONTROL
Waste Management
 The minimization and disposal of waste has
become one of the most significant
environmental issues of recent years.
 The disposal of waste can have a significant
impact on the environment.
 The total volume of available landfill is
decreasing.

4. WASTE CONTROL
 Ensure compliance with all current environmental
legislation.
 Reduce the costs associated with waste disposal..
 Reduce the amount of material sent to landfill by
adopting the reduce, re-use, recover and recycle
ethos.
 Reduce the environmental and health and safety
risks that site workers and people close by may be
exposed to.

5. WASTE CONTROL
 Project management team should use benchmarks
such as the BRE SMARTWaste web-based tool at
all time.
 Waste streams arising during construction should be
measured and compared with established
benchmarks.
 The project management team should also have a
well established method of measuring waste on site.
 Derived mathematical formula:AC= Actual time for
Craft to carry out a unit rate of a job.
 AL= Actual time for a Labour to carry out a unit rate
of a job.
 PR (Loss/Gain)=MD [A-X] + {(EC . HC)+ (EL . HL)}-
{(AC . HC)+ (AL . HL)}

6. WASTE CONTROL
 PR (Loss/Gain) =MD [A-X] + HC(EC- AC)+
HL(EL- AL)
 AC = a EC (1+Σ xi) and similarly AL = a EL
(1+Σ xi)
 xi = % of influential factors such as weather,
crew size, absenteeism, machinery,
accidents on site,
 Can measure the waste for each activity. For
example:

7. WASTE CONTROL
 With the aid of a mathematical formula
which has been derived, labour and craft
productivity for a number of activities on
construction site is calculated.
 The tables enable managers to see which
activities were completed on time;
 This allows the management team to
evaluate the quality of the completed
work.

8. WASTE CONTROL
 Tables entitled ‘Productivity measurement
tables shown below, also gives the level of
productivity loss or gain for selected case
studies.
 The success or failure of a project is
measured by considering whether a project
has met its targets.

9. WASTE CONTROL
 However, it is also important to find out if a
completed project has been built within
the budget and to see how the net rate for
each activity was derived and if it was met
at the end of the process.
 The formula is also an indicator for
material waste;
 such as: bad handling of materials;
 poor workmanship;
 theft, etc.

10. Waste Management

13. WASTE CONTROL
 Impact of Waste on cost overrun;
 The cost of waste does not relate only to its
disposal;
 there are other considerations that may affect the
project programme as well as the budget and cost
overrun;
These include:
 The cost of the materials that are being wasted;
 The cost of storage, transport and disposal of waste;
 The cost of the time spent managing and handling
the waste;
 The loss of income from not salvaging waste
materials.

14. WASTE CONTROL
WASTE CLASSIFICATION
 Wastes from construction
 Demolition
 Excavation operations
 will be a controlled waste, classified as
commercial or industrial waste, and subject to
waste related legislation.

15. WASTE CONTROL
Special Waste
 The Special Waste Regulations 1996 set out
procedures to be followed when disposing of,
carrying and receiving hazardous waste.
 On 16 July 2005 the Hazardous Waste ( England
and Wales) Regulations and the List of Wastes
( England) Regulations came into force;
 replacing the Special Waste Regulations and
instituting a new hazardous waste regime.
 The term special waste has been removed.

16. WASTE CONTROL-LEGISLATION
 Section 34 of the Environmental
Protection Act imposes a 'Duty of Care'
on persons concerned with controlled
waste.
 The duty applies to any person who
produces, imports, carries, keeps, treats
or disposes of controlled waste.
 Sub contractors whose waste disposal
arrangements are undertaken by the
main contractor are still responsible for
the waste.

17. WASTE CONTROL
 Duty of Care requires any such person to take all
reasonable measures to:
 Prevent the unauthorized or harmful disposal of
waste by another person;
 Prevent the escape of waste from management
control;
 Ensure that when waste is transferred, it is
transferred to an authorized person;
 It is accompanied by a written description known as
a Waste Transfer Note.

18. WASTE CONTROL
Project managers must make sure that:
 Any contractor engaged to remove waste
from site is registered as a Carrier of
Controlled Waste;
 Any contractor who transports their own
waste, which is either building or demolition
waste, will need to be registered as a Carrier
of Controlled Waste.

19. WASTE CONTROL
 The waste is taken to a properly licensed
disposal or reprocessing facility covered by a
Waste Management License issued by the
Environment Agency.
 The Waste Transfer Note must contain an
accurate description of the waste;
 Must be signed by both the contractor and
the person responsible for disposing of the
waste;
 A copy of the Waste Transfer Note must be
kept for 2 years.

20. WASTE CONTROL
Site Waste
 Section 54 of the Clean Neighborhoods and
Environment Act 2005 gives powers for regulations
to be made to require developers and contractors of
construction and demolition projects to prepare site
waste management plans.
 Waste management plan must outline the
arrangements for managing and disposing of waste
made during construction work,

21. WASTE CONTROL
Hazardous Waste
 The Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 is
the transposition of the EU’s Directive on
Hazardous Waste.
 It came into force on 16 July 2005 and
outlines procedures for handling, disposing of
and receiving hazardous waste.

22. WASTE CONTROL
 Wastes that are identified as ‘Hazardous’
will be tracked by the Environment
Agency (EA) to ensure that they are
carefully managed from the site until they
reach a suitably licensed or exempt
facility to be recovered or disposed of.

23. WASTE CONTROL
 Waste is hazardous when it contains
properties that might make it harmful to
human health and the environment.
 The construction sector is the largest
producer of Hazardous Waste in the UK.
 Construction industry has been allocated a
chapter of its own in the List of Wastes (
England) Regulations 2005.

24. WASTE CONTROL-GOOD PRACTICE
 The establishment of good waste
management practice will result in
financial savings;
 and will reduce the impacts on the
environment produced by construction
and demolition works.
Examples of good practice are given below:
 Every project should have a nominated
waste manager for the control and
monitoring of waste on site.

25. WASTE CONTROL-GOOD PRACTICE
 Separate the different types of waste
arising from the work.
 This will make it easier to provide an
accurate description of the waste for
waste transfer purposes.
 It will give management team and waste
control managers to study the reasons
behind any waste on site.

26. WASTE CONTROL
 Where practicable, compounds for storing
materials and waste skips should be located
away from environmentally sensitive areas on
site;
 such as drains, water bodies and site
boundaries close to housing/offices.
 Label all waste skips to ensure that all
personnel are aware which waste type should
be deposited in each skip.
 Consider using colour-coded skips.

27. WASTE CONTROL
 When ordering, avoid over-ordering and order the
lengths required.
 The provision of storage facilities will avoid materials
exceeding their shelf lives and damage or
contamination from inadequate storage.
 On delivery, avoid damage during unloading and do
not accept incorrect deliveries, specification or
quantity.
 Due care should be taken during the handling of
materials to prevent damage.

28. WASTE CONTROL
Pre-assembled and Prefabricated Units-The
use of pre-assembled and prefabricated units
has many advantages such as:
 Cost savings at every level of the supply
chain;
 Reduced programme times;
 Improved site management;
 Improved quality control;
 Reduced environmental impact from site
processes.

29. WASTE CONTROL
There are important determinants which can
reduce construction waste on site such as:
 Design that is specific to off-site manufacturing;
 Identification of suppliers who are capable and
competent;
 They consider waste on site as an important
issue;
 Have a very good quality control procedures;
 Well managed delivery and site handling
schedules;
 Proper training for given to site workforce for
handling, positioning and erecting the finished
prefabricated and preassembled products.

30. WASTE CONTROL
Standard components
 Off-cut waste can be very high on a construction project,
 Often, project dimensions may be fixed without taking
into account of the standard sizes that solid materials are
produced in.
Benefits of using standard sizes include:
 Cost savings;
 Improved site management;
 Minimization of waste and associated environmental
impacts;
 Time can be saved;
 Reduction in accidents on site;
 Sites can be kept cleaner.