This document proposes a 3 part waste management solution: 1) A smart city that collects organic waste and sends it to a biogas plant while recycling inorganic waste. 2) A large-scale biogas plant that converts organic waste into biogas using microorganisms. 3) An electricity generator that uses the biogas to generate electricity which can power the smart city and be added to the energy grid. The biogas plant also produces nutrient-rich fertilizer from the waste residues.

1. A PROJECT ON THE TOPIC
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PROJECT BY :
NISHANT JINDAL
VASU MALHOTRA
XI

2. WHEN DEVELOPING A WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,
FOLLOWING POINTS SHOULD BE
CONSIDERED
 The volume of waste generated.
 The equipment required.
 A suitable service schedule.
 Knowledge of waste management
techniques.
 Identify recycling opportunities.

3. STEPS IN WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 SEPARATING THE WASTE INTO
DIFFERENT TYPES.
 TRANSPORTATION.
 RECYCLING THE WASTE.
 REUSING THE WASTE.
 BURYING THE WASTE.
 HANDLING OF CHEMICAL WASTES.

4. OUR SOLUTION TO
THE PROBLEM OF
WASTE MANAGEMENT
CONSUMING THE WASTE TO GENERATE
ELECTRICITY AND MANURE.

5. OUR SOLUTION TO THE
PROBLEM CONSISTS 3
PARTS:
 A SMART CITY FROM WHERE WASTE
IS COLLECTED.
 A BIOGAS PLANT WHICH CONVERTS
THE WASTE INTO BIOGAS.
 AN ELECTRICITY GENERATOR WHICH
USES BIOGAS AS A FUEL.

6. 1. SMART
CITY

7.  The constructions in our smart city are
equipped with solar panels and hence are
almost self sustained in terms electricity
requirements.
 All the houses in the city are connected
with a well planned drainage system.
 The waste collected from the houses is
separated into organic and inorganic.
 Inorganic waste is sent for recycling while
the organic waste in sent into the biogas
plant for decomposition and manufacture
of biogas.

8. 2. BIOGAS
PLANT

9. A LARGE SCALE BIOGAS
PLANT

10.  Organic input materials such as foodstuff remnants, fats or sludge can be fed into the
biogas plant as substrate.
 Renewable resources such as corn, beets or grass serve as feed both for animals
such as cows and pigs as well as for the micro organisms in the biogas plant.
 Manure and dung are also fed into the biogas plant.
 Hence, we can see the waste from the kitchens of the houses in the smart city can
be used to feed the biogas plant.
 In the fermenter, heated to approx. 38-40 °C, the substrate is decomposed by the
micro organisms under exclusion of light and oxygen. The final product of this
fermentation process is biogas with methane as the main ingredient. But aggressive
hydrogen sulphide is also contained in the biogas. A fermenter made of stainless
steel has the clear advantage that it withstands the attacks of the hydrogen sulphide
and is usable for decades. Furthermore, a stainless steel fermenter provides the
opportunity to operation the biogas plant also in the thermophile temperature range
(up to 56 °C).
 Once the substrate has been fermented, it is transported to the fermentation residues
end storage tank and can be retrieved from there for further utilisation.
 The residues can be utilised as high quality fertiliser. The advantage: Biogas manure
has a lower viscosity and therefore penetrates into the ground more quickly.
Furthermore, the fermentation residue quite often has a higher fertiliser value and is
less intense to the olfactory senses.
 But drying it and subsequently using it as dry fertiliser is also an option.
 The biogas generated is stored in the roof of the tank and from there it is burned in
the power plant to generate electricity and heat.
 The electric power is fed directly into the power grid.

14. Thus we can see that waste from
the kitchens of houses can be
used in the biogas plants and
hence can be managed
efficiently.

15. 3.
ELECTRICITY
GENERATOR

16.  The electricity generator made by us is a
basic representation of how biogas can be
used to generate electricity.
 Biogas is collected and burned to produce
heat.
 Heat is used to boil water and generate
steam which in turn rotates a turbine to
generate electricity.
 The electricity produced can be used in
whatever way we want e.g. For street
lights, In construction work, Govt.
buildings, Home use, Commercial use etc.

17. ABOUT
BIOGAS

18. COMPARISON WITH
OTHER FUELS

20. Why use biogas?

23. DISADVANTAGES
 The process is not very attractive
economically on a large industrial scale.
Only small and efficient cities can use
them practically.
 Is very difficult to enhance the efficiency
of biogas systems.
 The plant requires extensive
maintenance as there are some
impurities in biogas which corrodes the
plant.
 Not feasible to set up at all the locations
as waste generated is not of the same
type everywhere.

24. BETTER ALTERNATIVE
Plasma gasification is a process which
converts organic matter into synthetic
gas, electricity, and slag using plasma. A plasma
torch powered by an electric arc is used to ionize
gas and catalyze organic matter into synthetic
gas and solid waste (slag). It is used commercially
as a form of waste treatment and has been tested
for the gasification of biomass and solid
hydrocarbons, such as coal, oil sands, and oil
shale.
Main disadvantages of plasma technologies for
waste treatment are:
 Large initial investment costs relative to landfill and
 The plasma flame reduces the diameter of the
sampler orifice over time, necessitating occasional
maintenance.

25. Thus, the use of the above waste management
system along with the use of solar panels
and wind mills can give birth to new ideal
self-reliant cities which will generate
electricity from renewable resources and
biogas and grow their food by farming with
the manure produced from the biogas
plants.