This document discusses different methods for managing solid waste in India. It defines solid waste and describes various types. Existing methods for treatment and disposal include open dumping, sanitary landfilling, modern landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling. New proposed methods aim to reduce landfilling by converting waste to energy through incineration plants and moving toward zero landfill systems. Challenges include lack of waste collection and segregation, scarce land, and lack of awareness about e-waste disposal. The waste management industry is seen as important for the future due to the large amounts of waste produced and opportunities to generate wealth from waste recycling.

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2. Solid Waste
 Definition - Solid waste means any garbage,
refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment
plant, water supply treatment plant, or air
pollution control facility and other discarded
materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or
contained gaseous material, resulting from
industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural
operations, etc.
Types of solid wastes
 Municipal Solid Waste.
 Industrial waste.
 Biomedical waste.
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3. Current scenario of solid
waste in India
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4. Environmental impact 4

5. Waste Treatment and Disposal
Existing methods and Improvements
Open disposal
 Open disposal is the
practice in which waste from
the municipality is dumped
in the open land far from
the city.
 About 75% of the
municipality of India are
using this method.
 Open disposal have some
severe effects on
environment like
contamination of
underground water, air
pollution, toxic odor, etc.
Sanitary land filling
 Sanitary land filling is the
scientific approach for the
disposal of solid waste.
 This method protects the
under ground water and
other near by environment
from the hazardous effect of
the waste.
 It is not economic as
compared with open
disposal but highly reliable.
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6. Modern land filling 6

7. Incineration
 Incineration is a waste treatment process that
involves the combustion of organic substances
contained in waste materials. Incineration and
other high-temperature waste treatment
systems are described as "thermal
treatment". Incineration of waste materials
converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat.
 Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the
original waste by 80–85% and the volume
(already compressed somewhat in garbage
trucks) by 95–96%, depending on composition
and degree of recovery of materials such as
metals from the ash for recycling.
 The sheer reduction in the space required to
dispose of the 10 percent of waste that it does
produce relieves pressure on land, which in urban
areas can constitute a big saving.
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8. Composting
 It is nature's way of recycling organic wastes into new soil
used in vegetable and flower gardens, landscaping, and
many other applications .
 Environmentally responsible
• Keeps biodegradable waste out of landfills and sewage plants
• Alternative to burning
• Gives you a vibrant garden without chemical fertilizers
 Saves money
 By this method the organic waste separates out
from the solid waste which if not, will create
problem in the incineration process.
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9. Process of composting 9

10. Recycle
 Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into reusable
objects to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the
consumption of fresh raw materials, energy usage, air pollution
(from incineration) and water pollution (from land filling) by decreasing
the need for "conventional" waste disposal and lowering greenhouse
gas emissions compared to plastic production. Recycling is a key
component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of
the "Reduce, Reuse and Recycle" waste hierarchy.
 Recycling should be done for the following waste types :-
 E- waste – It involves the category of the electrical appliances like
mobiles, laptops, monitors, tv sets, etc.
 Plastic – Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste
plastic and reprocessing the material into useful products, sometimes
completely different in form from their original state. For instance, this
could mean melting down soft drink bottles and then casting them as
plastic chairs and tables.
 Aluminum cans , etc.
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11. Economic advantages
 Incineration - A 250 ton per day incinerator can produce 6.5
megawatts of electricity per day and this itself can save
about $3 million per year.
 Recycling – it would be one of the most promising industry
in the near future due to the enormous increase in the
production of waste.
 Dumping 10,000 tons of waste in a landfill creates six jobs
while recycling 10,000 tons of waste creates 36 jobs.
 Sanitary land filling has increased the number of jobs
for the local people to the many folds and also have
brighter future because the production of waste is
going to increase in a very rapid phase.
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12. Challenges for the above
proposed methods
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13. Lack of collection and segregation at
source and scarcity of land
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14. Lack of awareness and difficulty in
procurement of import license for e-
waste hampers industry growth
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15. New methods for the disposal of waste
considering the future
TOWARDS THE ZERO LAND FILL
 Towards Zero Landfill is an initiative that is aiming to reduce the
amount of waste that is sent to landfill year on year.
 The main motive of this method is to produce more and
more waste to energy plants in order to meet the
future need of waste treatment and disposal.
 Countries like Singapore and other south eastern countries
are using the incineration plants to generate electricity.
 Initial installation costof the waste to energy plant is
very high but in the long course of waste management, it is
the most economical method.
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16. Waste to wealth
 Waste management is the industry of future.
 Raw material :- SWM increases from 6 million tons of solid waste
in 1947 to 42 million tons in 2015 and will be around 260
million tons in 2047.
 Public private partnership (PPP) should be used to manage this
waste and generate wealth from this.
 There are two main focus of waste recycling industry
 Recycling industry
 Incineration plants
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