This document provides information about waste management. It discusses: - Waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The goal is to recover resources and reduce waste's impact on health and the environment. - Management approaches differ between developed and developing nations, as well as urban and rural areas. Residential waste is usually managed by local governments, while commercial/industrial waste is managed by generators. - Key waste management concepts include the waste hierarchy, extended producer responsibility, and the polluter pays principle. - The waste management market in India was valued at INR 10 billion in 2008 and is projected to reach INR 27 billion by 2013. The main waste streams managed are municipal,

1. WASTE
MANAGEMENT
46 PRAFULLA KHAROTE
49 RAJESH KOLKONDI

2. What is Waste Management






It is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal,
and monitoring of waste materials.
It is also carried out to recover resources from it.
It can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances,
with different methods and fields of expertise for each.
The term usually relates to materials produced by human
activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on
health, the environment or aesthetics.
It practices differ for developed and developing nations, for
urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial
producers.
Management for non-hazardous waste residential and
institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the
responsibility of local government authorities, while
management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial
waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

3. Waste management concepts

Waste hierarchy

Extended producer responsibility

Polluter pays principle

4. Waste Hierarchy

5. Extended Producer
Responsibility


Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a strategy
designed to promote the integration of all costs
associated with products throughout their life cycle
(including end-of-life disposal costs) into the market
price of the product.
Extended producer responsibility is meant to impose
accountability over the entire lifecycle of products and
packaging introduced to the market. This means that
firms which manufacture, import and/or sell products
are required to be responsible for the products after
their useful life as well as during manufacture.

6. Polluter Pays Principle


Polluter Pays Principle is a principle where the
polluting party pays for the impact caused to the
environment.
With respect to waste management, this
generally refers to the requirement for a waste
generator to pay for appropriate disposal of the
waste.

7. Waste Minimisation



It is the process and the policy of reducing the amount
of waste produced by a person or a society.
Waste minimisation involves efforts to minimise
resource and energy use during manufacture.
Waste minimisation usually requires knowledge of the
production process, cradle-to-grave analysis (the
tracking of materials from their extraction to their
return to earth) and detailed knowledge of the
composition of the waste.

8. Waste Disposal Hierarchy
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse

9. Methods of disposal
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Integrated waste management
Landfill
Incineration
Recycling
Sustainability
Biological reprocessing
Energy recovery

10. Rethinking Waste



Reduce - to buy less and use less. Incorporates common sense
ideas like turning off the lights, rain barrels, and taking shorter
showers, but also plays a part in Composting/Grasscycling
(transportation energy is reduced), low-flow toilets, and
programmable thermostats. Includes the terms Re-think,
Precycle, Carpool, Efficient, and Environmental Footprint.
Reuse - elements of the discarded item are used again. Initiatives
include Hand-Me-Downs, Garage Sales, Quilting, Travel Mugs,
and Composting (nutrients). Includes the terms Laundry, Repair,
Regift, and Upcycle.
Recycle - discards are separated into materials that may be
incorporated into new products. This is different from Reuse in
that energy is used to change the physical properties of the
material. Initiatives include Composting, Beverage Container
Deposits and buying products with a high content of postconsumer material.

11. Rethinking Waste



Generate - capturing useful material for waste to
energy programs. Includes Methane Collection,
Gasification and Digestion, and the term Recover.
Incinerate - high temperature destruction of material.
Differs from Gasification in that oxygen is used; differs
from burning in that high temperatures consume
material efficiently and emissions are controlled.
Devastate - to discard into the natural environment, or
to "trash" the planet. Includes Litter, Burn Barrels,
Unnecessary Vehicle Idling, and Dumping discards
onto land or into water.

12. Market in India



The Waste Management market is valued at INR 10 bn
in 2008 and is expected to reach INR 27 bn in 2013.
Market of waste management comprises of four
segments municipal waste, electronic waste, biomedical
waste and industrial waste which is done on contract
basis.
In most cities it is done by rag pickers, small- time
contractors and municipalities

13. Trends and Characteristics
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Increasing urbanization
Metros and other cities major contributors of
Waste
Initiatives taken at Corporate Level
Increasing interest in waste-to-energy projects
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) approaching capital
markets

14. Issues and Challenges

15. Government Regulations and
Policies


Regulatory framework for waste management
Government Initiatives for waste management
under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission and Regulations Urban
Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small &
Medium Towns Public Private Partnership and
Policies initiatives in waste management

16. E-waste management
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Electronic waste (e-waste) comprises waste electronics/electrical
goods that use or have reached their end of life
E-waste contains valuable materials like copper, silver, gold
which can be processed for their recovery
E-waste management market in India is dominated by informal
sector, which includes waste importers, scarp dealers,
dissemblers, and recyclers
Major portion of e-waste is processed by the informal
(unorganised) sector using rudimentary techniques such as acid
leaching and open-air burning, which results in severe
environmental damage
India is becoming an outsourcing hub for e-waste management
Electronic Waste

18. Courtesy : Mailhem Engineers, Pune

21. Environmental Benefits Derived From
W2e Project

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Alternative energy produced from local waste to
increase energy security
Beneficial use of waste avoids necessity of long
distance transport to landfill thereby saving cost
and energy
Significant reduction in emission of greenhouse
gases and particulates per MW generated
Generates carbon credits

23. Project Cost
ITEM
Land Development
AMT. in rupees
(lakhs)
17
Civil Construction Cost
49
Air Conditioning
2
Electrical Works
39
Gasification Equipment
600
Grid Tie & Cabling
60
Vehicles
62
Pre-Operative & Preliminary Expenses
57
Working Capital Expense
50
Contingency
46
Total
982

24. Project Funding
Item
Amt in Rupees
(Lakhs)
W2E – USA Inc. Capital Subsidy
400
EQUITY – W2E USA Inc.
200
EQUITY – Cochin Chamber & Associates
200
LOAN
182
Total
982

25. Projected Profitability Statement
2009-10 (2nd
year)
116.81
293.75
74.27
7.78
492.61
2012-13 (5th
year)
160.14
323.14
79.57
10.30
573.15
2017-18 (10th
year)
216.41
367.20
95.49
14.94
694.04
EXPENSES
Operating & Maintenance charges
Power Unit lease
Transportation Costs
Land Lease Rentals
Interest on Term Loan
Other Expenses
Total Expenses
OPERATING PROFIT
100.00
95.47
30.35
5.71
17.15
28.33
277.01
215.61
115.76
95.47
40.40
6.06
11.10
36.18
304.97
268.18
147.75
95.47
65.07
6.69
1.01
46.98
362.96
331.08
Pre Op. Expenses – Written off
PROFIT BEFORE DEPRECIATION
5.70
209.91
5.70
262.48
5.70
325.38
Depreciation
PROFIT BEFORE TAX
Income Tax
NET PROFIT AFTER TAX
41.94
167.97
19.03
148.94
41.94
220.54
66.85
153.69
41.94
283.44
104.44
179.00
INCOME
Tipping Receipts
Electricity Generation
Sale of Carbon Credits
Other Income
Total Revenue

27. Thank You