129 waste control

WASTE CONTROL
ON SITE
helpdesk@construction-productivity.co.uk
htt://www.construction-productivity.co.uk

WASTE CONTROL ON SITE
 Traditionally, material management problems were
dealt with the aid of measurement techniques.
 The use of stopwatches and video photography are
no longer considered to be adequate ways of
measuring material management problems.
 The quantitative approach used by Thomas and his
fellow researchers was not based on a work
measurement concept.

 They purely dealt with major disruptions on site,
which are factual events and can be easily identified.
 Typical adverse material management conditions or
events can be shown in the following diagram.
 The material handling could be improved by simple
measures such as organizing the delivering and
storage of materials in a sequential manner.
 The end result will improve productivity.

 The construction industry has a major impact
on the environment;
 both in terms of the resources it consumes and
the waste it produces.
 The construction industry is responsible for
producing all kinds of wastes;
 the amount and type of which depends on
factors such as the stage of construction;
 type of construction work and practices on
site.

 Over 90% of non -energy minerals extracted
in Great Britain are used to supply the
construction industry with materials.
 Every year more than 70 million tones of
construction and demolition waste has been
produced in England and Wales

Reduce > Reuse > Recycle
 The construction industry is the UK’s largest
user of natural resources, and produces a large
amounts of waste.
 Everyone in the construction industry can
contribute to tackling waste-by reducing
waste;
 using materials in a better way, and collecting
waste for recycling.

 400 MILLION TONNES of material is used
 100 MILLION TONNES of waste is
produced – more than one-third of the UK’s
annual waste
 25 MILLION TONNES of construction
waste is disposed to landfill

Waste hierarchy
 Reuse
 Recycle
 Dispose
 Firstly, aim to reduce the amount of waste you
create.
 If waste is created, identify ways you can reuse the
materials.
 Finally, if materials cannot be reused then collect
them to recycle.
 Only dispose of waste as a last resort.

 generate income from collecting some materials;
 reduce your costs from purchasing less material
 maximising skip space;
 comply with legislation;
 reduce accidents by storing materials carefully to
ensure a tidy site;
 reduce CO2 emissions;
 help conserve natural resources

 Try to be involved early in a project to
encourage designs.
 That may cause less waste to be created.
 Use standard sizes and quantities of materials,
and plan ahead to reduce off cuts.

 Avoid over-ordering.
 Arrange deliveries to match work stages, to
avoid materials being stored on site longer
than necessary.
 Ensure storage areas are safe;
 Secure and weatherproof.
 Minimise rework from errors and poor
workmanship.

 Refuse poor quality or damaged deliveries.
 Don’t remove protective packaging from materials
before they are needed.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 The site induction and toolbox talks are
opportunities to raise awareness of good waste
management.
 Having one person responsible for ordering
materials helps avoid surplus being purchased.

 Buying sand and gravel in bulk bags rather than
loose helps reduce wastage.
 Computer software is available to estimate required
quantities accurately.
Your duty of care
 All businesses have a duty to ensure that waste they
produce is handled safely and within the law.
 This is OUR' duty of care’.

 Check that any company removing waste
from your site is a registered waste
carrier;
 and that they take the waste to a
registered waste management site.
 If you do not check and it is illegally
disposed of you could be held
responsible.

 Every load of waste that leaves your site
must be accompanied by a Waste
Transfer Note.
 This provides an accurate description of
the waste to enable it to be treated safely.
 Keep copies of all waste transfer notes
for at least two years.

Site Waste Management Plans
 A Site Waste Management Plan
(SWMP) is a legal requirement in
England for projects over £300,000.
 It requires you to forecast and record
waste and how it is managed.

 Using the SWMP as a waste management tool
can help you to:
1. increase profit margins;
2. reduce waste management costs;
3. demonstrate compliance with your legal
obligations; and decrease the amount of waste
you dispose of to landfill.

 The true cost of waste is not just the cost of
hiring a skip.
It also includes:
1. the cost of the materials that end up as waste;
2. the labour cost to handle the waste on site
and the cost of waste storage;
3. transport, treatment and disposal.

 The true cost of construction waste will
continue to rise substantially each year due
to:
 Landfill Tax increasing each year
(£48 per tonne in 2010/11);
 higher disposal charges;
 purchase costs of materials and products
increasing.

Crushing rubble for re-use

Reclaimed paving bricks for re-use

 The project particular waste control policy
can be reduced by the following factors of
building project:
 Site management
 Design issues
 Contractual matters
 Partnerships between building project teams

 Waste minimisation means reducing the
amount and environmental impact of waste
generated, which can be achieved by:
 reducing the quantity of materials used (and
therefore potential for wastage);
 or by reusing existing materials.

 In addition energy and water use reduction
was included in the targets.
 prevention of waste is the target, but once it
has been created recycling is the method of
managing the waste.
 Prevention of the waste means the effective
use of natural resources;
 energy needed to manufacture new materials
as well as reducing pollution.

WASTE MINIMISATION AND BEST PRACTICE
 8 out of 10 construction companies have
waste control policies.
 However segregation of waste, material
handling and improved storage methods is the
most common practice amongst construction
firms.

 Sending materials for recycling and
reclaiming is not a common practice-because
there is lack of market flow for recycled
material.
 Study shows that there is no prominent
relationship between company policies or
certification to waste minimisation on site.

 This is because many SMEs feel where
as waste minimisation on site can
provide immediate financial savings that
having overall company policies gives
them no real visible benefits.

WASTE ARISING
 Waste streams vary greatly between
different construction phases
 It was observed that at roofing stage
waste stream is being produced is
packaging and card board waste- it
should be noted that it is norm to
working on fittings while roofing is
carried out- to speed up the construction.

 Most packaging waste been produced by
packaging of the roofing tiles.
 Second highest waste stream at roofing
stage was insulation material.
 Rubble was most prominent waste
stream at plastering, painting stages and
finishing stages.

1. Most of waste arises on the structure and
fitting stages of construction.
2. BENCHMARK DATA
There are no agreed bench mark data
available.
3. On going study at Centre for Research in the
Built Environment is looking at the bench
marking for waste minimisation.

DRIVERS
 Waste strategy 2000 aims to encourage greater
efficiency in resources used based on the principles
of the waste hierarchy;
 which promotes sustainable waste management and
the market for secondary materials.
 The landfill tax, introduced in 1996, is influencing
waste management practices by encouraging greater
diversion of waste from landfill.
 Increases in the rate of tax were announced in 1999.

 There are environmental impacts associated
with aggregate extraction.
 The Government has introduced Aggregates
Levy to reflect environmental costs of
aggregates quarrying and encourage demand
for a supply of alternative materials.

 Climate changes responses a major global
environmental challenge.
 A climate Change levy on business use of
energy is also been introduced in 2001.
 This would particular influence on
manufactures of materials for use in
construction.

LESSONS LEARNT
 Damage by mishandling, weather and inadequate
storage.
 Vandalism and rework.
 Lack of recycling facilities within the studied region.
 Over ordering.
The following factors can influence waste minimisation
activities:
 Role of the site manager/contractor;

 Lack of partnership along the supply chain;
 Casual attitude to jobs undertaken by some sub-
contractor;
 Poor information flows between all parties to the
contact;
 Lack of Market for recycling and reused materials
 Lack of interest of recycling by skip hire companies
due to various reasons;
 Design and form of the building.

129 waste control

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129 waste control