Avoid wastage of food, water, industrial and agricultural products. Also please remember what Gandhiji said, "The world has enough for everyone's need but not enough for everyone's greed"
This presentation explains the basic concept of waste to resource and its need. It also includes some initiatives and best practices in waste to resource at individual, business and community level. This presentation was made by Romil Bajaj as part of a one-day training on Anvaya: Short Film Contest for Environment.
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a third-party certification program for the design, construction, and operation of green buildings. It is administered by the USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council) and gives tools to have an immediate impact on a building's performance. Buildings are rated on categories like energy use and receive certification levels of certified, silver, gold, or platinum. There are different LEED rating systems for different building types like new construction, interiors, and neighborhoods. LEED 2009 made changes including realigning rating systems and reweighting credits based on impact.
Solid waste management involves the generation, prevention, monitoring, treatment, reuse and disposal of solid wastes. There are various methods for solid waste disposal including controlled landfilling, incineration, composting, and dumping waste into designated bins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. Practicing the 3R's - reduce, reuse and recycle - is also important for effective solid waste management.
The document discusses waste water management. It begins with defining waste water and its characteristics such as temperature, color and odor. It then discusses concepts in waste water management including reuse, recycle and discharge. It notes the motivational factors for recycle and reuse such as augmenting water sources and preventing environmental problems. The document also provides an overview of municipal waste water scenario in India and reforms for management. It gives case studies of waste water management in Chennai, India and Singapore and notes initiatives by the Indian government.
The Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (...Pratik Singh
The Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE) is a professional body with over 9,000 members that aims to advance HVAC engineering in India. It offers various membership types and has over 40 chapters across the country. ISHRAE shares knowledge through publications, conferences, and training programs. It also organizes the annual ACREX exhibition and supports students through chapters, competitions, and career guidance.
The document outlines steps for forming a sustainable ecosystem, including maintaining a clean, pollution-free environment, using eco-friendly technology, properly managing atmospheric gases, hazardous industrial waste, climate patterns, land and water use, forests as the lungs of the earth, conserving wildlife, tribes and biodiversity, and conserving energy. Failure to practice sustainable ecosystem will have negative consequences.
This document discusses product design and development. It covers factors that inspire product design such as identifying gaps in demand, underutilized resources, and new product ideas. It also discusses marketing factors to consider like market potential and competition. Additionally, it outlines the stages of new product development including idea generation, concept development, market strategy development, feasibility studies, product design, testing, and commercialization. Finally, it discusses the product life cycle and how investment depends on what stage the product is in such as introduction, growth, maturity, or decline.
This presentation explains the basic concept of waste to resource and its need. It also includes some initiatives and best practices in waste to resource at individual, business and community level. This presentation was made by Romil Bajaj as part of a one-day training on Anvaya: Short Film Contest for Environment.
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a third-party certification program for the design, construction, and operation of green buildings. It is administered by the USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council) and gives tools to have an immediate impact on a building's performance. Buildings are rated on categories like energy use and receive certification levels of certified, silver, gold, or platinum. There are different LEED rating systems for different building types like new construction, interiors, and neighborhoods. LEED 2009 made changes including realigning rating systems and reweighting credits based on impact.
Solid waste management involves the generation, prevention, monitoring, treatment, reuse and disposal of solid wastes. There are various methods for solid waste disposal including controlled landfilling, incineration, composting, and dumping waste into designated bins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. Practicing the 3R's - reduce, reuse and recycle - is also important for effective solid waste management.
The document discusses waste water management. It begins with defining waste water and its characteristics such as temperature, color and odor. It then discusses concepts in waste water management including reuse, recycle and discharge. It notes the motivational factors for recycle and reuse such as augmenting water sources and preventing environmental problems. The document also provides an overview of municipal waste water scenario in India and reforms for management. It gives case studies of waste water management in Chennai, India and Singapore and notes initiatives by the Indian government.
The Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (...Pratik Singh
The Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE) is a professional body with over 9,000 members that aims to advance HVAC engineering in India. It offers various membership types and has over 40 chapters across the country. ISHRAE shares knowledge through publications, conferences, and training programs. It also organizes the annual ACREX exhibition and supports students through chapters, competitions, and career guidance.
The document outlines steps for forming a sustainable ecosystem, including maintaining a clean, pollution-free environment, using eco-friendly technology, properly managing atmospheric gases, hazardous industrial waste, climate patterns, land and water use, forests as the lungs of the earth, conserving wildlife, tribes and biodiversity, and conserving energy. Failure to practice sustainable ecosystem will have negative consequences.
This document discusses product design and development. It covers factors that inspire product design such as identifying gaps in demand, underutilized resources, and new product ideas. It also discusses marketing factors to consider like market potential and competition. Additionally, it outlines the stages of new product development including idea generation, concept development, market strategy development, feasibility studies, product design, testing, and commercialization. Finally, it discusses the product life cycle and how investment depends on what stage the product is in such as introduction, growth, maturity, or decline.
The document discusses solid waste management and classification of wastes. It defines solid waste as materials such as household garbage, food waste, yard waste, and construction debris that are not liquid or gaseous. The document classifies wastes according to their properties, effects on health and environment, and origin. Wastes are categorized as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, hazardous, non-hazardous, nuclear, thermal, plastic, biomedical, municipal, and agricultural wastes. Improper management of wastes can negatively impact health, socio-economic conditions, coastal environments, climate, and groundwater.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) uses 3D models and consistent data to improve project insight for cost, schedule and constructability. BIM provides greater collaboration and enables prompt response to changes. The document discusses the importance of BIM, latest BIM software tools like Revit and AutoCAD, and the need to study and apply advanced BIM tools. It explains what BIM is, its methodology, evolution, characteristics, uses in design, construction and facility management. Barriers to BIM implementation and tools like 3DS Max, Revit and Maya are also summarized.
Forests are one of India's most important renewable resources. They provide timber, fuel, fodder and help regulate climate and rainfall. India has five main types of forests: tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn and scrub forests, tidal mangrove forests, and mountain forests. Tropical rainforests are found in areas with over 200 cm of rainfall while tropical deciduous forests cover over half of India's total forest area. Thorn and scrub forests are found in drier regions receiving less than 75 cm of rainfall. Mangrove forests grow along coastal tidal regions. Mountain forests vary by altitude from tropical to alpine vegetation. Deforestation is reducing India's forest cover and degrading the environment
The document outlines the basic cycle of the urban design process, which includes 9 steps: 1) identify issues and options, 2) state goals and priorities, 3) collect and interpret data through situational analysis, 4) prepare plans including site inspections, 5) draft implementation programs through synthesis, 6) evaluate plan impacts, 7) review and adopt plans, 8) review and adopt implementation programs, and 9) administer implementation. It provides details on collecting data, performing visual surveys, and analyzing issues for various components like natural resources, transportation, health facilities, and sanitation in Barangay Beverly Hills, Antipolo City.
Product design is the process of creating new products to sell to customers. It involves efficiently generating and developing ideas through a process that leads to new products. Key steps in product design include idea generation, concept screening, competitive analysis, concept testing, in-depth analysis, prototype development, and commercialization. An example is the design process for the iPhone, which involved estimating manufacturing and operating costs, developing resistive and capacitive touchscreen technologies, and generating over $150 million in profits from initial sales despite $150 million in research and development costs.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
The document discusses product design concepts and the product design process. It defines product design as conceptualizing an idea for a product and transforming it into reality by considering constraints and analyzing all aspects of the product. The objectives and features of good product design are listed, including functionality, reliability, quality and cost-effectiveness. Concepts discussed include research and development, reverse engineering, and concurrent engineering. The steps of product design are outlined as synthesis, sketching, analysis, selection, engineering, prototyping, and manufacturing.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid wastes as all wastes generated from human and animal activities that are normally solid and discarded as useless or unwanted. Solid waste management aims to control the generation, storage, collection, transfer, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a sustainable manner. It involves technical, economic, social and political considerations. The key elements of solid waste management systems discussed are waste generation and handling, collection, separation and processing, transfer and transport, and disposal. Landfilling remains the most common method of disposal but there are increasing efforts to promote waste reduction, recycling and transformation through composting or combustion.
Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is a process that evaluates the total economic value of a project by analyzing initial costs and discounted future costs over the life of the project. LCC analysis considers factors such as time value of money, inflation, opportunity cost, and discount rates to determine costs. The analysis involves establishing design alternatives, estimating costs, and determining life-cycle costs through either deterministic or probabilistic methods. Sensitivity and risk analyses are then performed to understand variables that influence costs and estimate uncertainty.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste as waste from human and animal activities that is normally solid and discarded. Solid waste management aims to control waste generation, storage, collection, transport, processing and disposal in an environmentally sound manner. The key elements of solid waste management systems are discussed including waste generation, collection, transport, processing and disposal methods. Factors influencing waste amounts like population growth and changing lifestyles are also summarized.
Kamilia Broderick describes plans for an eco-friendly house using local and sustainable materials like wood, wool insulation, and solar panels to reduce embodied energy and be less damaging to the environment. The house features triple glazed windows, extra loft insulation, low-flow fixtures, motion sensor lights, and other energy efficient designs to minimize costs and resource usage. Diagrams showcase the wooden walls and floors as well as sustainable features like solar water heating.
The document discusses product design and the product design process. It defines product design as the process of creating and developing new products through detailed study, design ideas, and extending into production, logistics and marketing. The main stages of the product design process are research, design, manufacturing, and marketing. Product designers enhance a product's emotional appeal, improve functionality, make products more efficient, and make them cheaper to produce through innovative design and materials. Drawing techniques used in product design include freehand drawing, concept sketching, thematic sketches, schematic sketches, rendering, and drawing on computer.
The power point presentation contains
Invention of Plastic
Types of Plastic- categories
Why Plastic ?
Chemicals added in plastics
Plastic Pollution
Effects of plastics on Humans, Animals and Marine Life !
Entry of plastic in food chain !
How can we contribute to minimize the Plastic pollution ?
This document discusses green building and its objectives. Green buildings aim to reduce environmental impact through efficient use of energy, water and other resources while minimizing waste and pollution. Some key principles of green building include structure efficiency, energy efficiency, water efficiency, materials efficiency and waste reduction. The Indian Green Building Council promotes green building standards and provides ratings to recognize best practices, outstanding performance, national excellence and global leadership.
Pollution prevention (P2) aims to reduce or eliminate pollution at its source through practices like increasing energy efficiency, using renewable fuels, reducing agricultural inputs, and modifying industrial processes to produce less waste. P2 benefits the environment by lowering pollution hazards and conserving resources, and benefits financial costs by reducing waste management expenses. Waste minimization also aims to reduce hazardous wastes through practices like careful chemical handling, solvent reuse, and neutralizing byproducts. While waste minimization focuses specifically on hazardous waste, pollution prevention more broadly addresses reducing all toxic releases to air, water and land.
The document summarizes the Thomas L Wells Public School building project in Toronto. The school opened in 2005-2006 and was designed to serve 670 students. Key features include a rooftop garden, integrated design for energy efficiency, and a ventilation system that captures heat in winter and expels it in summer. The school earned a LEED Canada silver rating. Stakeholders from the community provided input during design. Materials were chosen for durability and low maintenance. Some difficulties included noise issues in the gym and difficult to clean grout between tiles.
Green buildings are high-performance structures that reduce impacts on the environment through energy and water efficiency, material selection, and indoor environmental quality. They minimize pollution and operating costs while enhancing occupant health. Common standards like LEED, Energy Star, and Green Globes provide guidelines for sustainable features such as renewable energy systems, daylighting, recycled materials, and indoor air quality management. Adopting green building practices makes business sense through reduced costs and increased marketability, while also benefiting the environment.
1) The document discusses the concept of water footprint, which refers to the volume of water used to produce various products and services.
2) It notes that calculating water footprints can provide important information for businesses, governments, and consumers to understand water usage and risks.
3) The document provides examples of large water footprints for various food and consumer products, noting for example that it takes over 24,000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of chocolate.
This document discusses the management of natural resources. It defines natural resources as materials that come from the Earth and are useful for human survival. Natural resources are categorized as either renewable or non-renewable. Non-renewable resources like coal and oil are found underground and there is only a finite amount. Renewable resources like trees, plants, animals, air, sunlight, and water can regenerate if properly managed. The document emphasizes the importance of managing natural resources sustainably so that all people can benefit from their development and they are not exploited for only short-term gains.
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Managing waste an environmentally sustainable, economically affordable and socially acceptable manner.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Indian Cities including collection, transportation, processing and final disposal.
It also provides details on designing a collection system, procedure for composting, RDF and Sanitary Landfill.
Contract Management in Civil Engineering WorksDr K M SONI
The document discusses key concepts related to proposals, promises, agreements and contracts under Indian law. It defines proposals, acceptance, consideration and how they become binding contracts. It provides examples of proposals, promises and acceptance between an engineer and contractor. It outlines requirements for a valid contract such as offer and acceptance, certainty, commitment and communication. It discusses void agreements, voidable contracts and how to revoke a proposal or acceptance. Key points include that acceptance must be absolute and unqualified, consent must be free of coercion or undue influence, and acceptance cannot impose additional conditions or vary the original offer.
Fear can either motivate or demotivate depending on how it is managed. Fear is a response to perceived threats and can be learned from experiences. While fear of death, unknown, loss, pain, failure, or survival can motivate if the threat is manageable, uncontrollable fear typically demotivates. Managing fear in a way that creates a sense of safety and hope of overcoming the threat can inspire motivation, but allowing fear to feel inescapable often has the opposite effect of demotivation. Overall, fear tends to demotivate more than motivate since it is difficult to fully control.
The document discusses solid waste management and classification of wastes. It defines solid waste as materials such as household garbage, food waste, yard waste, and construction debris that are not liquid or gaseous. The document classifies wastes according to their properties, effects on health and environment, and origin. Wastes are categorized as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, hazardous, non-hazardous, nuclear, thermal, plastic, biomedical, municipal, and agricultural wastes. Improper management of wastes can negatively impact health, socio-economic conditions, coastal environments, climate, and groundwater.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) uses 3D models and consistent data to improve project insight for cost, schedule and constructability. BIM provides greater collaboration and enables prompt response to changes. The document discusses the importance of BIM, latest BIM software tools like Revit and AutoCAD, and the need to study and apply advanced BIM tools. It explains what BIM is, its methodology, evolution, characteristics, uses in design, construction and facility management. Barriers to BIM implementation and tools like 3DS Max, Revit and Maya are also summarized.
Forests are one of India's most important renewable resources. They provide timber, fuel, fodder and help regulate climate and rainfall. India has five main types of forests: tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn and scrub forests, tidal mangrove forests, and mountain forests. Tropical rainforests are found in areas with over 200 cm of rainfall while tropical deciduous forests cover over half of India's total forest area. Thorn and scrub forests are found in drier regions receiving less than 75 cm of rainfall. Mangrove forests grow along coastal tidal regions. Mountain forests vary by altitude from tropical to alpine vegetation. Deforestation is reducing India's forest cover and degrading the environment
The document outlines the basic cycle of the urban design process, which includes 9 steps: 1) identify issues and options, 2) state goals and priorities, 3) collect and interpret data through situational analysis, 4) prepare plans including site inspections, 5) draft implementation programs through synthesis, 6) evaluate plan impacts, 7) review and adopt plans, 8) review and adopt implementation programs, and 9) administer implementation. It provides details on collecting data, performing visual surveys, and analyzing issues for various components like natural resources, transportation, health facilities, and sanitation in Barangay Beverly Hills, Antipolo City.
Product design is the process of creating new products to sell to customers. It involves efficiently generating and developing ideas through a process that leads to new products. Key steps in product design include idea generation, concept screening, competitive analysis, concept testing, in-depth analysis, prototype development, and commercialization. An example is the design process for the iPhone, which involved estimating manufacturing and operating costs, developing resistive and capacitive touchscreen technologies, and generating over $150 million in profits from initial sales despite $150 million in research and development costs.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
The document discusses product design concepts and the product design process. It defines product design as conceptualizing an idea for a product and transforming it into reality by considering constraints and analyzing all aspects of the product. The objectives and features of good product design are listed, including functionality, reliability, quality and cost-effectiveness. Concepts discussed include research and development, reverse engineering, and concurrent engineering. The steps of product design are outlined as synthesis, sketching, analysis, selection, engineering, prototyping, and manufacturing.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid wastes as all wastes generated from human and animal activities that are normally solid and discarded as useless or unwanted. Solid waste management aims to control the generation, storage, collection, transfer, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a sustainable manner. It involves technical, economic, social and political considerations. The key elements of solid waste management systems discussed are waste generation and handling, collection, separation and processing, transfer and transport, and disposal. Landfilling remains the most common method of disposal but there are increasing efforts to promote waste reduction, recycling and transformation through composting or combustion.
Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is a process that evaluates the total economic value of a project by analyzing initial costs and discounted future costs over the life of the project. LCC analysis considers factors such as time value of money, inflation, opportunity cost, and discount rates to determine costs. The analysis involves establishing design alternatives, estimating costs, and determining life-cycle costs through either deterministic or probabilistic methods. Sensitivity and risk analyses are then performed to understand variables that influence costs and estimate uncertainty.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste as waste from human and animal activities that is normally solid and discarded. Solid waste management aims to control waste generation, storage, collection, transport, processing and disposal in an environmentally sound manner. The key elements of solid waste management systems are discussed including waste generation, collection, transport, processing and disposal methods. Factors influencing waste amounts like population growth and changing lifestyles are also summarized.
Kamilia Broderick describes plans for an eco-friendly house using local and sustainable materials like wood, wool insulation, and solar panels to reduce embodied energy and be less damaging to the environment. The house features triple glazed windows, extra loft insulation, low-flow fixtures, motion sensor lights, and other energy efficient designs to minimize costs and resource usage. Diagrams showcase the wooden walls and floors as well as sustainable features like solar water heating.
The document discusses product design and the product design process. It defines product design as the process of creating and developing new products through detailed study, design ideas, and extending into production, logistics and marketing. The main stages of the product design process are research, design, manufacturing, and marketing. Product designers enhance a product's emotional appeal, improve functionality, make products more efficient, and make them cheaper to produce through innovative design and materials. Drawing techniques used in product design include freehand drawing, concept sketching, thematic sketches, schematic sketches, rendering, and drawing on computer.
The power point presentation contains
Invention of Plastic
Types of Plastic- categories
Why Plastic ?
Chemicals added in plastics
Plastic Pollution
Effects of plastics on Humans, Animals and Marine Life !
Entry of plastic in food chain !
How can we contribute to minimize the Plastic pollution ?
This document discusses green building and its objectives. Green buildings aim to reduce environmental impact through efficient use of energy, water and other resources while minimizing waste and pollution. Some key principles of green building include structure efficiency, energy efficiency, water efficiency, materials efficiency and waste reduction. The Indian Green Building Council promotes green building standards and provides ratings to recognize best practices, outstanding performance, national excellence and global leadership.
Pollution prevention (P2) aims to reduce or eliminate pollution at its source through practices like increasing energy efficiency, using renewable fuels, reducing agricultural inputs, and modifying industrial processes to produce less waste. P2 benefits the environment by lowering pollution hazards and conserving resources, and benefits financial costs by reducing waste management expenses. Waste minimization also aims to reduce hazardous wastes through practices like careful chemical handling, solvent reuse, and neutralizing byproducts. While waste minimization focuses specifically on hazardous waste, pollution prevention more broadly addresses reducing all toxic releases to air, water and land.
The document summarizes the Thomas L Wells Public School building project in Toronto. The school opened in 2005-2006 and was designed to serve 670 students. Key features include a rooftop garden, integrated design for energy efficiency, and a ventilation system that captures heat in winter and expels it in summer. The school earned a LEED Canada silver rating. Stakeholders from the community provided input during design. Materials were chosen for durability and low maintenance. Some difficulties included noise issues in the gym and difficult to clean grout between tiles.
Green buildings are high-performance structures that reduce impacts on the environment through energy and water efficiency, material selection, and indoor environmental quality. They minimize pollution and operating costs while enhancing occupant health. Common standards like LEED, Energy Star, and Green Globes provide guidelines for sustainable features such as renewable energy systems, daylighting, recycled materials, and indoor air quality management. Adopting green building practices makes business sense through reduced costs and increased marketability, while also benefiting the environment.
1) The document discusses the concept of water footprint, which refers to the volume of water used to produce various products and services.
2) It notes that calculating water footprints can provide important information for businesses, governments, and consumers to understand water usage and risks.
3) The document provides examples of large water footprints for various food and consumer products, noting for example that it takes over 24,000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of chocolate.
This document discusses the management of natural resources. It defines natural resources as materials that come from the Earth and are useful for human survival. Natural resources are categorized as either renewable or non-renewable. Non-renewable resources like coal and oil are found underground and there is only a finite amount. Renewable resources like trees, plants, animals, air, sunlight, and water can regenerate if properly managed. The document emphasizes the importance of managing natural resources sustainably so that all people can benefit from their development and they are not exploited for only short-term gains.
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Managing waste an environmentally sustainable, economically affordable and socially acceptable manner.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Indian Cities including collection, transportation, processing and final disposal.
It also provides details on designing a collection system, procedure for composting, RDF and Sanitary Landfill.
Contract Management in Civil Engineering WorksDr K M SONI
The document discusses key concepts related to proposals, promises, agreements and contracts under Indian law. It defines proposals, acceptance, consideration and how they become binding contracts. It provides examples of proposals, promises and acceptance between an engineer and contractor. It outlines requirements for a valid contract such as offer and acceptance, certainty, commitment and communication. It discusses void agreements, voidable contracts and how to revoke a proposal or acceptance. Key points include that acceptance must be absolute and unqualified, consent must be free of coercion or undue influence, and acceptance cannot impose additional conditions or vary the original offer.
Fear can either motivate or demotivate depending on how it is managed. Fear is a response to perceived threats and can be learned from experiences. While fear of death, unknown, loss, pain, failure, or survival can motivate if the threat is manageable, uncontrollable fear typically demotivates. Managing fear in a way that creates a sense of safety and hope of overcoming the threat can inspire motivation, but allowing fear to feel inescapable often has the opposite effect of demotivation. Overall, fear tends to demotivate more than motivate since it is difficult to fully control.
This document provides an overview of soil investigation and foundations. It discusses the purpose of foundations in transmitting structural loads to the subsoil. Shallow and deep foundation types are described. Key considerations for soil investigation are outlined, including borehole placement, sampling methods, and testing to determine soil properties like bearing capacity. Factors that influence bearing capacity calculations are also summarized.
The document discusses new materials and technologies used by CPWD in Mumbai, including post-tensioned slabs, autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, glass fiber reinforced concrete panels, stamped finish concrete, geofoam flooring, acoustic false ceilings, double stack car parking, solar panels, and energy efficient designs. Post-tensioned slabs provide material savings and reduced dead load. Projects using these include the CBI office building and buildings under construction at the Income Tax office and IDBI.
The document discusses waste management and the circular economy in Dorset, England. It analyzes the current waste streams in the region, including over 400,000 tons per year of biogenic waste. It identifies opportunities to increase the value of waste processing through more advanced analysis and new technologies, such as intercepting waste at source, segregation, conversion to industrial feedstocks, and maximizing benefits from anaerobic digestion. The document also discusses a potential furniture refurbishment program for the 90,000 tons per year of furniture and manufacturing waste in Dorset to provide affordable options. It notes that adding value to waste is hindered by a lack of data, clear business models, and need to synchronize infrastructure and markets.
India; Eco Sanitation: From Waste To Resource - RainwaterClubD5Z
This document discusses sanitation issues in rural Karnataka and proposes eco-sanitation as a solution. It notes that over 5.4 million rural households in Karnataka do not have toilets. It also states that 50% of houses in Bangalore are unsewered and most towns lack proper wastewater treatment. Current pit latrine designs are described as a "disaster". The document proposes moving to eco-sanitation, which separates human waste for use as fertilizer without polluting water sources. This creates a "win-win-win" situation for households, villages/cities, and agricultural fields.
The document discusses the concept of quality in construction works. It defines quality according to various quality gurus and standards, and notes that quality is difficult to define but is customer-oriented. It describes the evolution of approaches to quality including inspections, quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management (TQM). TQM involves all levels and aims for continuous improvement. For construction works, both product and service dimensions are important to quality. Safety and quality are complementary, and achieving high quality requires a TQM approach from all personnel involved in a construction project.
The document discusses the basic concepts of environmental impact assessment (EIA). It begins by defining EIA as a formal process for identifying potential environmental and health effects of projects and activities, and for developing mitigation measures. The document then provides a brief history of EIA, noting it was first introduced in the US in 1969 and became law in 1971. It discusses how EIA has been implemented in India since the 1970s. The document outlines the typical EIA process, which involves screening projects, conducting preliminary assessments or full studies, identifying impacts and alternatives, and producing environmental impact statements. It emphasizes understanding the proposed activity and identifying the most significant impacts.
The document summarizes a case study on eco-friendly building materials in Pune, India. It lists the objectives of the study which are to develop a list of conventional building materials, evaluate existing eco-rating systems, recommend a new rating system, and suggest eco-friendly materials for Pune. It then describes the methodology, presents a sample list of materials categorized by type and availability, discusses criteria for evaluating eco-friendliness, and provides draft lists of conventional and potential eco-friendly materials. The study aims to promote more sustainable building practices in Pune's construction industry.
1. STUDY ON QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN 20 STO...AELC
This document outlines Ma Nan Thazin Wint Aung's M.E thesis proposal on quality assurance and quality control management systems for a 20-story RC building construction project. The proposal discusses quality management planning, requirements, procedures, assurance, and costs. It aims to develop building strength quality, satisfy stakeholders, understand quality control procedures, determine suitable methods, gain assurance knowledge, and achieve quality in design, construction, and operation. The study will examine quality management system planning effects, control procedure effects, control method effectiveness, and solve quality problems to determine a suitable management procedure for the project.
Biochar Summit Ormoc City, Leyte, Philippines (in November 2018)Christer Soderberg
This document provides information from a presentation on biochar and regenerative agriculture. It discusses biochar as a means of improving soil quality, increasing crop yields, and mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon. A field trial demonstrated increased yields with the addition of biochar to soil amendments. The presentation promotes biochar as a sustainable waste management practice and soil regeneration technique that can boost food security, water security, and climate security while providing economic opportunities.
IRJET- Design of Organic Compost MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an organic compost machine. The machine uses special microorganisms to decompose organic waste into compost within 24 hours, achieving an 85-90% volume reduction. The machine has a U-shaped composting tank with a humidity sensor, heater, mixing blades, and exhaust system. When organic waste is added, the humidity sensor detects moisture and turns on the heater to evaporate water from the waste. Microorganisms then decompose the waste into compost within 24 hours. The process is contained and odorless. The design aims to efficiently manage food waste and produce nutrient-rich compost within a day.
This document discusses LEED certification and sustainability in West Virginia. It provides information on the USGBC LEED rating system categories and potential credits. It also outlines relevant state regulations and incentives. Opportunities for pursuing LEED credits are presented, such as site selection, habitat restoration, stormwater management, construction waste diversion, use of regional materials, increased ventilation, and innovative carbon sequestration projects. The document emphasizes that sustainability involves remaking human presence to allow healthy communities while maintaining ecosystem integrity.
The document discusses the context around climate change and potential solutions. It notes that scientists agree carbon emissions are causing global warming, which is having widespread environmental and economic impacts. If unchecked, climate change could result in global GDP losses of 7.22% by 2100 due to issues like extreme weather events. Nations have come together through agreements like the Paris Accords to pursue solutions to limit global warming.
Sustainability concepts in Civil Engineering - Module-2Abhilash B L
This presentation gives you Information regarding Resource degradation, climate change regional and local environmental issues, carbon Credits and carbon trading, carbon footprint, carbon sequestration - carbon capture and storage (CCS) environmental management standard ISO 14,000 series, life-cycle analysis scope and goal, Biomimicking
The document summarizes CoCo San Sustainable Farm, a proposed 33-acre urban farm in Northern California that would utilize sustainable agriculture practices. It would use recycled water, greenhouse production, hydroponics, permaculture methods, and green job training to provide fresh local produce while demonstrating water and energy efficient agriculture. The farm aims to address issues of global warming, water scarcity, and food insecurity through closed-loop systems that reuse resources and act as an education center for sustainable living.
The document discusses the evolution of cities from early nomadic tribes to modern urban areas and outlines 6 converging global crises: population growth, water scarcity, species extinction, oil depletion, food insecurity, and climate change. It then introduces the biocity model, which views the city as an ecological system and aims to design urban areas that are resilient, carbon neutral, and interact symbiotically with their surrounding bioregions. The biocity approach assigns economic value to natural capital and aims to develop self-sufficient local resources through cradle-to-cradle processes.
This document discusses opportunities for implementing LEED and sustainability practices in West Virginia's building industry. It begins by outlining the LEED rating system categories. It then discusses relevant regulations and incentives at the state and federal level. Finally, it provides examples of opportunities in each LEED category to earn credits, such as protecting habitat, managing stormwater runoff, using regional materials, and innovating through projects like carbon sequestration and renewable energy. The document advocates applying sustainability principles to remake human presence in the natural world in a way that allows healthy communities and economic opportunity while restoring the environment.
Understanding true meaning of Sustainability on the basis of Adopt-Assess-Mitigate principles. The PPT highlights action to taken by all those professionals related to construction industry. Sustainability assessment during the Pre-construction phase of building's life cycle and carbon spike phenomenon is dealt with.
IRJET- Valuable Product from Water Hyacinth – Review PaperIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of valuable products that can be derived from water hyacinth, an invasive aquatic plant. It discusses how water hyacinth can be used to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. Studies have shown co-digesting water hyacinth with other plant materials increases biogas yield. Water hyacinth can also be composted and used as a biofertilizer to improve soil quality and crop growth. The document additionally reviews research on using water hyacinth to produce bioethanol through fermentation, with some studies finding particular microorganisms can yield higher amounts of bioethanol. In summary, the document examines the potential for water hyacinth - an invasive species - to be
1 ijreh dec-2017-3-environmental and socio-economicAI Publications
The benefits of the use of biochar in improvement of soil properties and crop growth have been dominating scientific debates in efforts to include biochar in policy and regulatory frameworks. The study incorporated a semi participatory methodology involving farmers to gain anon-farm-view assessment of the challenges, environmental feasibility, economic profitability and socio-cultural soundness of biochar production and use. Biochar produced from cassava stems, ricehuskand corncobs using an Elsa pyrolyser were applied at 16kg/plot on 8m2 experimental plots during the 2016/2017 cropping season in Nkolbisson, Cameroon following a complete randomised design with three replications. Cassava plant growth parameters were measured at 3, 6 and 9 months after planting while yields were obtained at harvest. Cost benefit analysis was used to evaluate the total costs and revenue returns.Fifteen farmers participated in the trialand semi-structured questionnaires and interviews were used to elucidate farmer’s assessment of biochar. Results showed that, farmers using ricehusk biochar encured more profits with net benefits of 1.44 million fCFA andmarginal rate of return (33.06%) compared to thecontrol (583267fCFA) with MRR of 12.33% and corncob biochar (353436 fCFA) with MRR of 7.80%. Additional revenue (34.95%)was gained from the use of ricehusk biochar market price for CO2 offset at ($60).The use of ricehusk biochar was found to be socio-economically and environmentally feasible. However, national sensitization on biochar production could helpcreate awareness, generate a huge leap in livelihoods as well as get the attention of the government for policy drive.
Humankind is responsible for massive fossil fuel use that has changed the climate. Toxins and plastic pollution are accumulating problems affecting the environment, while technology is increasingly integral to modern life.
This is a powerpoint that discusses how we have affected our planet negatively. This would be a student sample if you were doing a unit on Change in the classroom.
Materials and Molecules - Behind What You SeeSajjad Ahmad
This document provides an overview of materials and molecules in the built environment and introduces TecEco cement technologies as more sustainable alternatives. It discusses how underlying molecular flows in industrial processes can damage the environment if out of tune with nature. TecEco cements aim to mimic natural molecular flows by sequestering carbon and incorporating wastes. Their carbonation process utilizes CO2, brines and other wastes to produce building materials and other useful outputs like potable water.
Determination of the Cost of Production from the Raw Dung to the Final Outpu...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This study evaluated the life cycle assessment of organically grown cotton from cultivation to disposal. Key findings include that field emissions significantly contributed to environmental impact categories like eutrophication and acidification. Fertilizer production was also an important contributor to impacts. Compared to conventional cotton, organic cotton showed potential savings of 46% for global warming potential, 70% for acidification potential, 26% for eutrophication, 91% for blue water consumption, and 62% for non-renewable energy demand. These reductions were largely due to avoiding mineral fertilizers and pesticides in organic systems.
ROLES OF MICROBIOLOGY IN WASTE RECYCLING BY TEMIDAYO FAROUK OLAPADETemidayo5
This document discusses microbiology's role in waste recycling. It begins by defining different types of waste and their classification. It then discusses various waste sources like municipal, biomedical, industrial, agricultural, and e-waste. Next, it covers how microbes are used in waste management techniques like composting, biodegradation, bioremediation, and biotransformation. It provides details on in situ and ex situ bioremediation. Finally, it discusses the impacts of improper waste management and some prevention strategies like reducing, reusing and recycling waste.
The document discusses various topics related to global pollution and sustainability. It provides definitions for key terms, photographs showing different types of pollution around the world, and discusses factors influencing green trends such as LOHAS consumers and eco-friendly travelers. It also outlines green rating systems for operations and gives examples of sustainable product assessment criteria. The document presents an overview of important issues around global pollution and sustainability.
Heritage conservation aims to preserve structures, artifacts, and sites that are historically, culturally, or architecturally significant. The document discusses several key points about heritage conservation in India:
1. Heritage structures are classified into different grades based on their historic significance - from World Heritage Sites and national monuments protected by the Archaeological Survey of India, to state and locally protected sites.
2. Conservation aims to retain a structure's cultural significance through preservation, restoration, reconstruction, or adaptation while using original materials where possible.
3. Stakeholders like owners, governments, and the public must respect heritage and ensure its proper maintenance, repair, documentation, interpretation and management according to conservation policy.
The document discusses several key aspects of successful project management. It states that the primary goal is completing all project objectives within the defined scope, time, quality and budget constraints. It emphasizes that communication and coordination between the project manager, consultants, owner and contractor are vital. For a project to be successful, all stakeholders must work as a team to fulfill the owner's requirements on schedule and within budget while achieving the required quality standards.
The document discusses various qualities of good leadership such as communication, integrity, accountability, empathy, humility, resilience, vision, influence, positivity, and delegation. It notes that leadership comes in many styles like autocratic, authoritative, pacesetting, democratic, coaching, affiliative, and laissez-faire. The document emphasizes that everyone has leadership potential and can demonstrate leadership in different environments or circumstances. Some leaders are "sleeping cell leaders" that do not often show their skills but can excel greatly when given an opportunity. Luck and destiny also play factors in how leaders emerge and succeed. The overall message is that the reader themselves could possess leadership qualities and should strive to develop and demonstrate their abilities.
The document discusses various aspects of contract and contract management for construction works. It covers topics such as types of contracts, tender documents, pre-bid meetings, evaluation of technical and financial bids, award of work, commencement of work, coordination issues, and determination/rescission of contracts. The key points are that contract management requires fulfilling obligations by both parties, coordination is essential for success, and timely decisions need to be taken if work is unsatisfactory or delayed.
The document discusses key concepts related to contracts such as proposals, promises, consideration, agreement, void agreements, voidable contracts, communication of offers and acceptances, mistakes, and competency to contract. It provides examples to illustrate concepts like a proposal becoming a promise upon acceptance, bilateral vs unilateral mistakes, qualified vs unqualified acceptances, and the relationship between promisor and promisee in a contract.
The document discusses price variation in works contracts. Price variation accounts for increases or decreases in item costs between the tender submission date and work completion date. Only major cost components like labor, steel, cement, and fuel are considered for price variation calculations. Formulas use price indices on the last tender date and work date to calculate cost variations on components. It is important to ensure like materials from the same manufacturers and locations are used in price variation analyses. Price variation may be paid quarterly and is designed to avoid cost uncertainties for contractors during long contracts over 6 months.
This document discusses variations and deviations that may occur during contract execution. It defines variations as changes to the scope of work, while deviations refer specifically to changes in quantities, items, or conditions from what is specified in the bill of quantities. The reasons for variations and deviations include errors in estimating, design changes, unavailable materials, and client/contractor revisions. Extra items not included in the original bill are also addressed. The document outlines how rates for quantity deviations, extra items, and substituted items are typically determined in the contract or through other agreed methods. Implications like time and cost overruns and potential disputes are also noted.
The document discusses various contract conditions related to determination, foreclosure, and risk and cost. It defines determination as ending a contractor's employment due to breach of contract and foreclosure as abandoning or reducing the scope of work. Grounds for determination include poor progress, defects, and corruption. If a contract is determined, performance guarantees are forfeited and the employer can complete the remaining work at the contractor's risk and cost. Foreclosure requires contractor compensation for work and materials. Early determination is preferable to avoid delays and cost overruns.
This document discusses the use of anchoring techniques in civil engineering works such as construction, maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, and seismic retrofitting. It describes how anchoring can be used to join new components to existing structures without damaging the existing material. Two main types of anchors are discussed: mechanical anchors which work via friction and keying, and chemical anchors which work via bonding. Examples are given of applications of anchoring in areas like fixing grills, canopies, adding reinforcement, and attaching various fixtures and equipment. Guidance is provided on selecting the appropriate anchor type based on the loading requirements and substrate material.
- Advance payments are made to contractors before work is completed to help cover startup costs. They include mobilization advances for materials, plants, and machinery.
- Risks are involved, so measures like guarantees are taken. Advances must be used for the work and recovered early.
- Mobilization advances may be given in installments before work starts against guarantees. Plant advances require verification and hypothecation to the employer.
- Secured advances are given for materials brought on site. Interim bills are considered advances against work done to be adjusted from later bills.
Earnest money is a monetary deposit paid by bidders to show their sincerity and good faith in a project. It aims to prevent bidders from withdrawing their bids before the validity period ends. Standard earnest money amounts are 2% of the estimated project cost for works costing up to Rs. 10 crores, and 1% of estimated cost plus Rs. 20 lakhs for higher value projects. Earnest money is refunded once the contract is awarded, or forfeited if the bidder withdraws during the validity period. The document discusses earnest money definitions, forms, amounts, refund processes, and treatments under different scenarios.
Demolition is the tearing down of structures, while deconstruction is the selective dismantling of building components for reuse and recycling. Demolition is quick but less environmentally friendly than deconstruction, which saves embodied energy in materials and water used in manufacturing. There are several methods of demolition like manual, implosion using small explosives, excavators, wrecking balls, and selective demolition. Implosion is preferred for tall buildings to collapse the structure inward in a controlled manner. Deconstruction involves carefully removing reusable materials like doors, windows, and structural elements like beams for future use, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to wasteful demolition.
Geosynthetics are polymeric materials used with soil to modify its engineering properties. There are several types of geosynthetics including geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, and geocomposites. Geotextiles include non-woven, woven, and knitted fabrics which are made of polymers like polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester. Geogrids are formed by joining intersecting polymer ribs to create a grid-like structure with large openings. Geomembranes are thin, impermeable polymer sheets used to control fluid movement. Geosynthetics function by providing separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, barriers, protection, and stiffening to soils
The document summarizes India's first net zero energy building called the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan located in New Delhi. It generates as much renewable energy from solar panels as it consumes annually. Specifically, it has an annual energy demand of 1.4 million kWh but generates 1.4 million kWh from rooftop and courtyard solar panels made of mono-crystalline panels. Through various energy efficiency measures like insulation, efficient HVAC systems, regenerative lifts, and geothermal heating/cooling, the building reduces its energy consumption by 13% compared to a conventional building. It achieves net zero status while also gaining platinum certification under India's green building rating system.
Construction and demolition (C&D) waste includes debris from construction, repair, renovation and demolition activities. It comprises materials like soil, sand, gravel, brick, concrete and metals. India generates large quantities of C&D waste annually, with demolition activities contributing the most at 48%. Proper management of C&D waste includes preventing waste generation during construction, segregating waste for reuse and recycling. Recycling can produce materials like recycled aggregates, sand and manufactured blocks that can replace use of raw materials in construction. While recycling is growing, more plants are needed nationwide and research on quality must ensure recycled materials can adequately replace raw ones in buildings and infrastructure. Government policies and incentives aim to boost the recycling and reuse of
The document discusses different types of contracts used in construction projects, with a focus on EPC and turnkey contracts. It defines EPC as engineering, procurement, and construction, where the contractor is responsible for these activities. Turnkey contracts are similar to EPC but encompass all work required by the client. EPC contracts can be for a full project or parts of a project. Key differences between EPC and other contract types like item rate and percentage rate contracts are discussed. Important considerations and clauses for EPC contracts like securities, timelines, determinants of contract, secured advances, and escalation clauses are also outlined.
The document discusses the key concepts of proposals, promises, and contracts. It defines a proposal as an offer to do or abstain from doing something with the goal of obtaining assent. A proposal becomes a promise when it is accepted. For a contract to be formed, there must be an offer, acceptance of the offer, and consideration. The parties making and accepting the proposal are called the promisor and promisee respectively. For a contract to be enforceable, it requires free consent, lawful consideration and lawful object. Mistakes, defects in consent can make a contract void or voidable.
EPS geofoam blocks are made of expanded polystyrene foam and come in various densities classified by names like EPS12 or EPS46. They have good insulation properties and varying levels of compressive resistance and flexural strength. EPS geofoam blocks can be used in stairs, seating areas, and other structures where their low density provides benefits. They are easy to cut and repair, and can have wire mesh and concrete applied to secure them in position when used for steps or seating.
Aesthetics and Functionality through GlassDr K M SONI
Glass provides both aesthetic and functional benefits in buildings. It allows transparency which is a basic requirement for structures. While glass provides stunning visual effects when used for lighting, cladding, or facades, care must be taken to ensure it meets safety and functionality needs. Glass is compatible with many other materials but structural glazing requires adequate openings and connections to withstand fires and disasters. Appropriate types of glass should be selected, designed, and tested for each application to safely provide both beauty and function in buildings.
The document discusses Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contracts. It defines EPC as a contract that includes engineering, procurement, and construction activities. It notes that an EPC contract can be for a full project scope, making it equivalent to a turnkey contract, or only part of a project scope. The document examines what types of work can be included in an EPC contract and provides several case studies analyzing whether hypothetical contract scenarios would qualify as EPC contracts. It also reviews common clauses that should be included in EPC contracts such as related to securities, time/delay, determination of contract, and arbitration.
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
Exploring low emissions development opportunities in food systemsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Christopher Martius (CIFOR-ICRAF) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
A Comprehensive Guide on Cable Location Services Detections Method, Tools, an...Aussie Hydro-Vac Services
Explore Aussie Hydrovac's comprehensive cable location services, employing advanced tools like ground-penetrating radar and robotic CCTV crawlers for precise detection. Also offering aerial surveying solutions. Contact for reliable service in Australia.
There is a tremendous amount of news being disseminated every day online about dangerous forever chemicals called PFAS. In this interview with a global PFAS testing expert, Geraint Williams of ALS, he and York Analytical President Michael Beckerich discuss the hot-button issues for the environmental engineering and consulting industry -- the wider range of PFAS contamination sites, new PFAS that are unregulated, and the compliance challenges ahead.
Widespread PFAS contamination requires stringent sampling and laboratory analyses by certified laboratories only -- whether it is for PFAS in soil, groundwater, wastewater or drinking water.
Contact us at York Analytical Laboratories for expert environmental testing with fast turnaround times and client service. We have 4 state-certified laboratories in Connecticut, New York and New Jersey, and 4 client service centers.
P: 800-306-YORK
E: clientservices@YorkLab.com
W: YorkLab.com
(Q)SAR Assessment Framework: Guidance for Assessing (Q)SAR Models and Predict...hannahthabet
The webinar provided an overview of the new OECD (Q)SAR Assessment Framework for evaluating the scientific validity of (Q)SAR models, predictions, and results from multiple predictions. The QAF provides assessment elements for existing principles for evaluating models, as well as new principles for evaluating predictions and results. In addition to the principles, assessment elements, and guidance for evaluating each element, the QAF includes a checklist for reporting assessments.
This new Framework provides regulators with a consistent and transparent approach for reviewing the use of (Q)SAR predictions in a regulatory context and increases the confidence to accept alternative methods for evaluating chemical hazards. The OECD worked closely together with the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italy) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), supported by a variety of international experts to develop a checklist of criteria and guidance for evaluating each criterion. The aim of the QAF is to help establish confidence in the use of (Q)SARs in evaluating chemical safety, and was designed to be applicable irrespective of the modelling technique used to build the model, the predicted endpoint, and the intended regulatory purpose.
The webinar provided an overview of the project and presented the main aspects of the framework for assessing models and results based on individual or multiple predictions.
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.comNarendra Jayas
Latest OSHA 10 Test Question and Answers PDF for Construction and General Industry Exam.
Download the full set of 390 MCQ type question and answers - https://www.oyetrade.com/OSHA-10-Answers-2021.php
To Help OSHA 10 trainees to pass their pre-test and post-test we have prepared set of 390 question and answers called OSHA 10 Answers in downloadable PDF format. The OSHA 10 Answers question bank is prepared by our in-house highly experienced safety professionals and trainers. The OSHA 10 Answers document consists of 390 MCQ type question and answers updated for year 2024 exams.
2. CONTINUOUS PROCESS
COMPLICATED AND NOT FULLY
UNDERSTOOD
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE CHANGE ARE
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCING
MECHANISMS
3. The Earth's surface temperature has risen by about
1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with
accelerated warming during the past two decades.
There is new and stronger evidence that most of
the warming over the last 50 years is attributable
to human activities. Human activities have altered
the chemical composition of the atmosphere
through the buildup of greenhouse gases –
primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous
oxide. The heat-trapping property of these gases is
undisputed although uncertainties exist about
exactly how earth's climate responds to them (US-
EPA). The reason, the temperature has risen so
much in the past 150 years is because of how much
more we have used fossil fuels, which gives off
carbon dioxide.
4. According to NOAA, the global warming
rate in the last 25 years has risen to 3.6
degrees F per century, which tends to
confirm the predictions of temperature
increases made by international panels of
climate scientists (IPCC).”
5. HUMAN INFLUENCE
INCREASES GREENHOUSE GASES LIKE CO2, CH4,
NO, CFC ETC FROM THE EMISSIONS OF FOSSIL
FUEL COMBUSTION
AEROSOLS
OZONE DEPLETION
DEFORESTATION
LEADING TO CLIMATIC CHANGE AND GLOBAL
WARMING
6.
7. FOSSIL FUELS (COAL, GAS AND PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS) REQUIRED TO PRODUCE ENERGY
FOR;
ELECTRICITY
MANUFACTURING MATERIALS/PRODUCTS
RUNNING/TRACTION OF
AUTOMOBILES/TRAINS
8. FOSSIL FUELS
RENEWABLE ENERGY
NUCLEAR POWER
OTHERS
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
FOSSIL
FUELS
RENEWABL
E ENERGY
NUCLEAR
OTHERS
67%16%
13%
• DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS TO BE REDUCED
• WASTE GENERATED TO BE UTILIZED
10. INDUSTRY(46%)
COMMERCIAL (9%)
AGRICULTURE
(18%)
TRACTION (2%)
DOMESTIC (22%)
OTHERS (3%)
SECTOR WISE ELECTRIC
CONSUMPTION IN INDIA
DOMESTIC
COMMERCIA
L
INDUSTRIAL
TRACTION
AGRICULTU
RE
NEED TO ECONOMISE CONSUMPTION IN IN INDUSTRY,
AGRICULTURE, AND DOMESTIC SECTOR PARTICULARLY
46%
18% 22%
21. Need to give more emphasis
on agriculture sector
2010
irrigation
drinking
water
industry
energy
others
84.5%
7%
• Irrigation efficiency barely 35 %
• Only 16% of farmers aware of
irrigation efficiency technologies
• 50% water lost to leakage & system
inefficiencies
(yourarticlelibrary.com)
(kssrdi.org)
22. Save Domestic and Rain Water
• Recycling
• RWH
• Preservation and creation of
Water bodies
23. Many other materials
• 10 litres or 2.6 gallons of water
cumulatively to produce one sheet
of A4 (8.5″ x 11″) paper.
• Chocolate requires 17,196 litres of
water need to produce 1kg of the
product.
24. Water requirements for production
• 75,000 gallons of water to produce one
ton of steel
• 24 gallons of water to make 1 pound of
another everyday material: plastic.
• 700 gallons of water for one new cotton
shirt.
• It takes at least twice as much water to
produce a plastic water bottle as the
amount of water in the water bottle
25. FOOD
WATER
IRRIGATION WATER
DOMESTIC WATER
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
DOMESTIC PRODUCTS
BUILDING MATERIALS
ENERGY
26. C & D WASTE
• Construction and Demolition (C & D) waste
is the waste generated from construction
or demolition activities of civil engineering
structures. Such waste is generated from;
• Roads,
• Footpaths,
• Buildings,
• Bridges,
• Flyovers,
• Dams, and
• Other similar civil engineering structures.
27. C & D WASTE
It consists mostly of inert and non-
biodegradable materials such as;
• Bricks, stones, aggregates,
• Concrete,
• Aluminium, steel,
• Tiles, ceramic materials
• Wood,
• Plastic,
• Electric wiring,
• Glass, and
• Many more similar materials. These waste
materials are mostly heavy having high density
compared to municipal waste.
28. C & D Debris Breakdown (US)
(www.intechopen.com)
39. The construction and demolitionwaste recycling plant in Burari, where tiles
are made fromcrusheddebris.
(www.thehindu.com)
40. GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT
SITE DESIGN
WATER EFFICIENCY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
CONSERVATION OF MATERIALS AND
RESOURCES BY USE OF PRODUCTS
MADE FROM WASTE
GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
41. PARAMETERS TO DETERMINE GREENBUILDING
MATERIALS
EMBODIED ENERGY
WASTE CONTENT
LIFE CYCLE DURABILITY
MAINTAINABILITY
TOXICITY I/C DURING FIRE
SAFETY DURING INSTALLATION/USE, FIRE, E/Q
ETC
LOCAL AVAILABILITY
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS DURING ITS USE
RECYCLABILITY
42. GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS
CEMENT
SAND
BRICKS
CONCRETE
TIMBER
WATER
OTHER MATERIALS/FIXTURES
61. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development is mostly defined
as development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their
own needs (Brundtland Report). It contains
within it two key concepts:
The concept of needs, in particular the
essential needs of the world's poor, to which
overriding priority should be given; and
The idea of limitations imposed by the state
of technology and social organization on the
environment's ability to meet present and
future needs.
62. CONCLUSIONS
FOLLOW THE APPROACH OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMET
STOP WASTE
DO NOT GENERATE WASTE
USE WASTE AS RESOURCE
TO AVOID EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE
GASES
TO AVOID CLIMATE CHANGE