Chapter 15 Hormones Lesson 1 - Endocrine Glands and the effects of insulin
•
13 likes•3,876 views
Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that are transported via bloodstream to target organs where they exert effects. There are two main types of glands - endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into bloodstream, and exocrine glands that secrete substances through ducts. Important endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and gonads. Hormone production is controlled by the nervous system, other hormones, and chemical substances. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels, and diabetes occurs when insulin production or response is abnormal.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Hormones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Chapter 15 Hormones Lesson 2 - Effects of Adrenaline and Table of comparison ...
Daniel is feeling anxious and stressed because the examinations are only one week away and he has not started revising. His body is releasing adrenaline in response to these feelings, preparing his body for fight or flight. Adrenaline increases his heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism to provide more energy to his muscles from increased blood glucose and oxygen transport.
Posterior pituitary gland (The Guyton and Hall physiology)
Posterior pituitary gland
The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Hormones known as posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus, and include oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
Pituitary gland
The document discusses the endocrine system and pituitary gland. It defines the endocrine system as a group of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate organ and cell activity. The pituitary gland, also called the "master gland", is a pea-sized gland located in the brain that controls the function of other glands. The pituitary gland is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones like growth hormone, TSH, and prolactin, while the posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH). The document provides details on the functions of these hormones and conditions related to hormone imbalances.
The Endocrine System - Chapter 13
The document discusses the endocrine system and various endocrine glands. It provides information on the location and function of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in controlling other endocrine glands. Key glands covered include the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas. For each gland, the document describes their location in the body, the hormones they secrete, and the functions of those hormones in maintaining homeostasis.
Chap17 powerpoint l
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland's role in regulating other endocrine glands through the release of hormones. Specifically, it describes how the hypothalamus regulates the anterior and posterior pituitary gland to control hormone release. The pituitary gland then regulates other endocrine glands like the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads through the release of trophic hormones like TSH, ACTH, FSH, and LH.
Pancreatic islet
The document discusses the pancreas and pancreatic islets. The pancreas is a large gland that secretes hormones and is part of both the endocrine and digestive systems. It contains clusters of cells called pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans), the main cells of which are beta cells that secrete insulin, alpha cells that secrete glucagon, and delta cells that secrete somatostatin. These hormones work to regulate blood sugar levels. The pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and produces enzymes to aid in digestion.
Gonads
The ppt covers-
Endocrine Glands
Gonads
Testes
Testosterone
Ovary
Estrogens
Progesterone
Relaxin
Disorders
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is comprised of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant organs and systems. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and pineal glands. These glands secrete hormones that govern critical body functions like reproduction, stress response, growth, energy levels, and homeostasis. The hormones travel through the circulatory system to target organs and allow for integration of body systems and physiological equilibrium.
Recommended
Chapter 15 Hormones Lesson 2 - Effects of Adrenaline and Table of comparison ...
Daniel is feeling anxious and stressed because the examinations are only one week away and he has not started revising. His body is releasing adrenaline in response to these feelings, preparing his body for fight or flight. Adrenaline increases his heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism to provide more energy to his muscles from increased blood glucose and oxygen transport.
Posterior pituitary gland (The Guyton and Hall physiology)
Posterior pituitary gland
The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Hormones known as posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus, and include oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
Pituitary gland
The document discusses the endocrine system and pituitary gland. It defines the endocrine system as a group of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate organ and cell activity. The pituitary gland, also called the "master gland", is a pea-sized gland located in the brain that controls the function of other glands. The pituitary gland is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones like growth hormone, TSH, and prolactin, while the posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH). The document provides details on the functions of these hormones and conditions related to hormone imbalances.
The Endocrine System - Chapter 13
The document discusses the endocrine system and various endocrine glands. It provides information on the location and function of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in controlling other endocrine glands. Key glands covered include the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas. For each gland, the document describes their location in the body, the hormones they secrete, and the functions of those hormones in maintaining homeostasis.
Chap17 powerpoint l
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland's role in regulating other endocrine glands through the release of hormones. Specifically, it describes how the hypothalamus regulates the anterior and posterior pituitary gland to control hormone release. The pituitary gland then regulates other endocrine glands like the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads through the release of trophic hormones like TSH, ACTH, FSH, and LH.
Pancreatic islet
The document discusses the pancreas and pancreatic islets. The pancreas is a large gland that secretes hormones and is part of both the endocrine and digestive systems. It contains clusters of cells called pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans), the main cells of which are beta cells that secrete insulin, alpha cells that secrete glucagon, and delta cells that secrete somatostatin. These hormones work to regulate blood sugar levels. The pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and produces enzymes to aid in digestion.
Gonads
The ppt covers-
Endocrine Glands
Gonads
Testes
Testosterone
Ovary
Estrogens
Progesterone
Relaxin
Disorders
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is comprised of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant organs and systems. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and pineal glands. These glands secrete hormones that govern critical body functions like reproduction, stress response, growth, energy levels, and homeostasis. The hormones travel through the circulatory system to target organs and allow for integration of body systems and physiological equilibrium.
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system uses glands and hormones to regulate processes in the body through chemical messages released into the bloodstream. Major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads and reproductive organs. Endocrine disorders occur when glands under-produce or over-produce hormones, or grow abnormally, and can cause issues like hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, or non-toxic goiter.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system controls and coordinates bodily functions through glands and hormones. Glands release hormones like insulin, adrenaline, thyroxin, testosterone and estrogen directly into the bloodstream to target cells and regulate processes throughout the body. Hormones control metabolism, development, and responses to stress while endocrine effects are typically slower and longer-lasting compared to the nervous system. Key endocrine glands include the thyroid, pancreas, ovaries and testes.
Hypothalamus
The endocrine system is made up of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to exert chemical control over the body and maintain homeostasis. The hypothalamus acts as the control center of the endocrine system by secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones that stimulate or inhibit hormone production and secretion by the pituitary gland, which then controls other endocrine glands. Examples of releasing hormones include thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Inhibiting hormones include growth hormone inhibiting hormone and prolactin release inhibiting hormone.
Anatomy - pituitary gland and hypothalamus
The pituitary gland and hypothalamus act as a unit to regulate other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland sits in the sphenoid bone below the hypothalamus and is attached by a stalk. It consists of the anterior and posterior pituitary lobes. The hypothalamus influences hormone release from both lobes through releasing and inhibiting hormones. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions through feedback loops with target glands. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin secreted by the hypothalamus.
Classification of hormones and their mechanism of action
Classification of Hormones And their Mechanism Of Action
Mode of action of Hormones
Classification of Reproductive Hormone
Endocrine system
1. The endocrine system regulates homeostasis in the body through glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
2. Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries/testes, and hypothalamus. Each gland regulates important bodily functions like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress response.
3. The pancreas regulates blood glucose levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon, signaling the liver and other tissues to store or release glucose depending on blood sugar levels before and after eating.
Hormones gen. characterist., classific. i
organic biologically active compounds of different chemical nature that are produced by the endocrine glands, enter directly into blood and accomplish humoral regulation of the metabolism of compounds and functions on the organism level.
Endocrine system mine for 4th
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate functions like growth and development, metabolism, and sexual behavior. Key glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gonads. Hormones travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues to slow down or speed up their activities, maintaining homeostasis in the body. Examples include insulin regulating blood sugar from the pancreas and testosterone influencing sexual maturation from the testes. Disorders can result if hormones are deficient or in excess, such as diabetes from low insulin or hyperthyroidism from overactive thyroid function.
Endocrine system
The document summarizes the major endocrine glands and hormones in the human body. It describes the pituitary gland as the "master gland" that controls several other glands. It regulates functions like growth, metabolism, fluid balance, reproduction and development through hormones. Hormones work in low concentrations, bind to target cells, and control chemical reactions and transport throughout the body. Other glands described are the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, pineal, thymus and reproductive organs.
Hormonal regulation
Hormones act through receptor-mediated pathways. They bind to receptors on target cells and induce responses. There are several types of hormone receptors, including cell surface receptors like G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as intracellular/nuclear receptors found within cells. Hormones are synthesized in various glands and organs throughout the body, then travel through the bloodstream to target tissues to exert their effects, such as regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Hormone receptors trigger intracellular signaling cascades that alter cellular functions. Antagonists can block hormone receptors to inhibit their actions.
Physiology of the Endocrine System
The endocrine system is composed of organs positioned throughout the body in widely separated locations. Endocrinology is the study of the structure and functioning of the endocrine system.
Pancreatic Hormones
The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland. Its exocrine function involves secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Its endocrine function involves secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon from clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans to regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin lowers blood sugar while glucagon raises blood sugar. Disorders of the pancreas include diabetes when insufficient insulin is produced, and pancreatitis which is inflammation of the pancreas.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant tissues and organs. The major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands. The hypothalamus and tissues like the pancreas also secrete hormones. Hormones travel through the bloodstream and bind to target cells. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus regulate other endocrine glands through feedback mechanisms. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through processes like glucose regulation and calcium balance.
Endocrine system Physiology
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted from glands into the bloodstream and affect cells in other parts of the body. There are three main types of chemical signals used for cell-to-cell communication: peptide hormones, steroid hormones, and amino acid-derived hormones. Peptide hormones bind to receptor proteins in the cell membrane and use secondary messengers to initiate a cellular response, while steroid hormones enter cells and directly stimulate gene transcription, leading to a slower response. The endocrine system utilizes hormones to help regulate and coordinate important bodily functions and processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis.
18. endocrine pancreas
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine pancreas and its hormones. It discusses:
- The islets of Langerhans contain alpha, beta, and delta cells that secrete glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin.
- Insulin regulates blood glucose levels through effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Insulin secretion is stimulated by high blood glucose.
- Glucagon opposes insulin's effects and raises blood glucose through hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. It is secreted in response to low blood glucose.
- Somatostatin is secreted by delta cells and decreases secretion of insulin and glucagon. It also regulates gastrointestinal functions.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system regulates mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual/reproductive processes through glands and hormones. The pineal gland secretes melatonin which regulates sexual development, metabolism, and sleep. The hypothalamus, located at the base of the brain, controls the pituitary gland through hormones and nervous system reflexes. The pituitary gland has anterior, middle, and posterior lobes and secretes hormones that control homeostasis, metabolism and development. Disorders of the endocrine system include Cushing's disease, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism.
Excretion
Excretion is the removal of waste products from an organism. These waste products include the byproducts of metabolism like urea and ammonia, as well as toxic materials and substances in excess. Egestion refers specifically to the passing out of undigested food through the anus, whereas excretion removes metabolic waste products. In mammals, excess protein is broken down into urea in the liver through a process called deamination and then transported to the kidneys for excretion in urine. The liver plays an important role in metabolizing nutrients and filtering waste from the bloodstream.
Endocrine system ppt (l v bendre )hap
The endocrine system includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target tissues and organs. The major glands are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, thymus, and pineal. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands by secreting hormones like growth hormone, TSH, and ACTH. The thyroid regulates metabolism and produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Disorders include hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The pancreas produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, and diabetes occurs when there is insufficient insulin. Sex glands like the ovaries and testes produce hormones like estrogen, progesterone and test
15. introduction to endocrinology
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including its functions, major glands, hormones, and mechanisms of action. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through chemical signaling via hormones, which are secreted into the bloodstream and target distant cells. Hormones are classified based on their structure as steroids, peptides, or amines and act by binding to specific receptors on target cells.
Endocrine
The document discusses the differences between endocrine and exocrine glands. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts onto external surfaces. It lists the major endocrine glands in the human body and identifies that mineralocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex help regulate mineral and water balance in the blood.
Endocrine system basic
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It discusses how hormones act as chemical messengers to regulate physiological functions through feedback loops. The endocrine and nervous systems are compared, with the endocrine system using hormones transported via blood to target distant cells, while the nervous system uses electrical signals. The types and classifications of hormones are outlined, as well as their mechanisms of action through receptors, membrane permeability changes, gene expression effects, and second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone levels like bioassays, immunoassays, and dynamic tests are also summarized. Pathologies resulting from over or under production of hormones and issues related to receptors are briefly described.
More Related Content
What's hot
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system uses glands and hormones to regulate processes in the body through chemical messages released into the bloodstream. Major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads and reproductive organs. Endocrine disorders occur when glands under-produce or over-produce hormones, or grow abnormally, and can cause issues like hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, or non-toxic goiter.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system controls and coordinates bodily functions through glands and hormones. Glands release hormones like insulin, adrenaline, thyroxin, testosterone and estrogen directly into the bloodstream to target cells and regulate processes throughout the body. Hormones control metabolism, development, and responses to stress while endocrine effects are typically slower and longer-lasting compared to the nervous system. Key endocrine glands include the thyroid, pancreas, ovaries and testes.
Hypothalamus
The endocrine system is made up of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to exert chemical control over the body and maintain homeostasis. The hypothalamus acts as the control center of the endocrine system by secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones that stimulate or inhibit hormone production and secretion by the pituitary gland, which then controls other endocrine glands. Examples of releasing hormones include thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Inhibiting hormones include growth hormone inhibiting hormone and prolactin release inhibiting hormone.
Anatomy - pituitary gland and hypothalamus
The pituitary gland and hypothalamus act as a unit to regulate other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland sits in the sphenoid bone below the hypothalamus and is attached by a stalk. It consists of the anterior and posterior pituitary lobes. The hypothalamus influences hormone release from both lobes through releasing and inhibiting hormones. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions through feedback loops with target glands. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin secreted by the hypothalamus.
Classification of hormones and their mechanism of action
Classification of Hormones And their Mechanism Of Action
Mode of action of Hormones
Classification of Reproductive Hormone
Endocrine system
1. The endocrine system regulates homeostasis in the body through glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
2. Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries/testes, and hypothalamus. Each gland regulates important bodily functions like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress response.
3. The pancreas regulates blood glucose levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon, signaling the liver and other tissues to store or release glucose depending on blood sugar levels before and after eating.
Hormones gen. characterist., classific. i
organic biologically active compounds of different chemical nature that are produced by the endocrine glands, enter directly into blood and accomplish humoral regulation of the metabolism of compounds and functions on the organism level.
Endocrine system mine for 4th
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate functions like growth and development, metabolism, and sexual behavior. Key glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gonads. Hormones travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues to slow down or speed up their activities, maintaining homeostasis in the body. Examples include insulin regulating blood sugar from the pancreas and testosterone influencing sexual maturation from the testes. Disorders can result if hormones are deficient or in excess, such as diabetes from low insulin or hyperthyroidism from overactive thyroid function.
Endocrine system
The document summarizes the major endocrine glands and hormones in the human body. It describes the pituitary gland as the "master gland" that controls several other glands. It regulates functions like growth, metabolism, fluid balance, reproduction and development through hormones. Hormones work in low concentrations, bind to target cells, and control chemical reactions and transport throughout the body. Other glands described are the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, pineal, thymus and reproductive organs.
Hormonal regulation
Hormones act through receptor-mediated pathways. They bind to receptors on target cells and induce responses. There are several types of hormone receptors, including cell surface receptors like G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as intracellular/nuclear receptors found within cells. Hormones are synthesized in various glands and organs throughout the body, then travel through the bloodstream to target tissues to exert their effects, such as regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Hormone receptors trigger intracellular signaling cascades that alter cellular functions. Antagonists can block hormone receptors to inhibit their actions.
Physiology of the Endocrine System
The endocrine system is composed of organs positioned throughout the body in widely separated locations. Endocrinology is the study of the structure and functioning of the endocrine system.
Pancreatic Hormones
The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland. Its exocrine function involves secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Its endocrine function involves secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon from clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans to regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin lowers blood sugar while glucagon raises blood sugar. Disorders of the pancreas include diabetes when insufficient insulin is produced, and pancreatitis which is inflammation of the pancreas.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant tissues and organs. The major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands. The hypothalamus and tissues like the pancreas also secrete hormones. Hormones travel through the bloodstream and bind to target cells. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus regulate other endocrine glands through feedback mechanisms. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through processes like glucose regulation and calcium balance.
Endocrine system Physiology
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted from glands into the bloodstream and affect cells in other parts of the body. There are three main types of chemical signals used for cell-to-cell communication: peptide hormones, steroid hormones, and amino acid-derived hormones. Peptide hormones bind to receptor proteins in the cell membrane and use secondary messengers to initiate a cellular response, while steroid hormones enter cells and directly stimulate gene transcription, leading to a slower response. The endocrine system utilizes hormones to help regulate and coordinate important bodily functions and processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis.
18. endocrine pancreas
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine pancreas and its hormones. It discusses:
- The islets of Langerhans contain alpha, beta, and delta cells that secrete glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin.
- Insulin regulates blood glucose levels through effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Insulin secretion is stimulated by high blood glucose.
- Glucagon opposes insulin's effects and raises blood glucose through hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. It is secreted in response to low blood glucose.
- Somatostatin is secreted by delta cells and decreases secretion of insulin and glucagon. It also regulates gastrointestinal functions.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system regulates mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual/reproductive processes through glands and hormones. The pineal gland secretes melatonin which regulates sexual development, metabolism, and sleep. The hypothalamus, located at the base of the brain, controls the pituitary gland through hormones and nervous system reflexes. The pituitary gland has anterior, middle, and posterior lobes and secretes hormones that control homeostasis, metabolism and development. Disorders of the endocrine system include Cushing's disease, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism.
Excretion
Excretion is the removal of waste products from an organism. These waste products include the byproducts of metabolism like urea and ammonia, as well as toxic materials and substances in excess. Egestion refers specifically to the passing out of undigested food through the anus, whereas excretion removes metabolic waste products. In mammals, excess protein is broken down into urea in the liver through a process called deamination and then transported to the kidneys for excretion in urine. The liver plays an important role in metabolizing nutrients and filtering waste from the bloodstream.
Endocrine system ppt (l v bendre )hap
The endocrine system includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target tissues and organs. The major glands are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, thymus, and pineal. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands by secreting hormones like growth hormone, TSH, and ACTH. The thyroid regulates metabolism and produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Disorders include hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The pancreas produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, and diabetes occurs when there is insufficient insulin. Sex glands like the ovaries and testes produce hormones like estrogen, progesterone and test
15. introduction to endocrinology
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including its functions, major glands, hormones, and mechanisms of action. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through chemical signaling via hormones, which are secreted into the bloodstream and target distant cells. Hormones are classified based on their structure as steroids, peptides, or amines and act by binding to specific receptors on target cells.
What's hot (20)
Classification of hormones and their mechanism of action
Classification of hormones and their mechanism of action
Viewers also liked
Endocrine
The document discusses the differences between endocrine and exocrine glands. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts onto external surfaces. It lists the major endocrine glands in the human body and identifies that mineralocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex help regulate mineral and water balance in the blood.
Endocrine system basic
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It discusses how hormones act as chemical messengers to regulate physiological functions through feedback loops. The endocrine and nervous systems are compared, with the endocrine system using hormones transported via blood to target distant cells, while the nervous system uses electrical signals. The types and classifications of hormones are outlined, as well as their mechanisms of action through receptors, membrane permeability changes, gene expression effects, and second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone levels like bioassays, immunoassays, and dynamic tests are also summarized. Pathologies resulting from over or under production of hormones and issues related to receptors are briefly described.
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. It allows glucose in the bloodstream to enter cells and be used for energy. Without insulin, blood sugar builds up and cells are deprived of energy, leading to serious health issues. Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond properly to insulin. Historically, insulin was purified from animals but is now commonly produced through recombinant DNA technology using modified bacteria. This process involves isolating the human insulin gene, inserting it into bacterial DNA, and causing the bacteria to express and mass produce human insulin.
Insulin
Insulin is a protein synthesized and secreted by the beta-cells of the islets of langerhans of the pancreas.
Insulin presentation
This document summarizes key aspects of insulin including its history, structure, biosynthesis, transport, degradation, effects, and clinical correlations. It describes how insulin was first extracted from dog pancreases in 1921. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone composed of two chains that are held together. It regulates carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Insulin increases glucose uptake and storage while decreasing gluconeogenesis. Clinically, insufficient insulin production can lead to symptoms of diabetes like frequent urination.
Chemical coordination
Chemical coordination in multicellular organisms involves cells releasing chemicals called hormones that regulate the activities of other cells. In animals, the nervous system and endocrine system play key roles in control and coordination. The nervous system includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. Neurons are the basic structural and functional units that transmit nerve impulses. Hormones released from endocrine glands such as the thyroid and adrenal glands regulate various bodily functions and processes.
The nervous and endocrine system
The document discusses the nervous and endocrine systems and their roles in exercise. The nervous system has two main parts - the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which communicates with the CNS. Regular activity can enhance connections between nerves and muscles and improve strength over time. The endocrine system includes glands like the pancreas and adrenals that release hormones like insulin, adrenaline, and testosterone to prepare and support the body during exercise.
Role of insulin in human body
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids that is responsible for several roles in the body. It binds to insulin receptors on target cells and activates a cascade of phosphorylation events. This leads to the biological effects of insulin, which include increasing glucose uptake by tissues, stimulating glycogen and lipid synthesis, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
21.Neural Control and Coordination
The document discusses the structure and function of the human neural and sensory systems. It describes the central nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. It explains the divisions of the brain including the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. It also discusses the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Additionally, it summarizes the structure and function of the eye and ear as sensory organs.
Section 1, chapter 13: endocrine system
The endocrine system works with the nervous system to communicate and control the body. The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate distant target cells. Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream by endocrine glands and only target cells with receptors for that hormone. Hormone secretion is controlled through negative feedback loops, hormone deactivation, and up/down regulation of receptors on target cells.
The Endocrine System/ The Autonomic Nervous System
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. The hypothalamus integrates the nervous and endocrine systems by secreting hormones that control the pituitary gland, and contains centers that exert neural control over endocrine cells in other glands like the adrenals. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, releases hormones in response to signals from the hypothalamus via a portal blood vessel system.
Animal nervous and endocrine system
The nervous and endocrine systems work together to coordinate animal responses to their environment. The nervous system uses electrical impulses along nerve fibers while the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream from glands. The brain receives sensory information and creates responses, while the spinal cord transmits impulses between the brain and body. Hormones secreted by endocrine glands trigger responses in target organs throughout the body more slowly than the rapid, localized effects of the nervous system. Common disorders of each system include epilepsy, ataxia, diabetes, and hypothyroidism.
Exocrine gland
1. The document describes the secretory and excretory units of exocrine glands. Secretory units include acinus cells arranged in a tubulo-alveolar shape that secrete granules.
2. Excretory units consist of intercalated ducts, interlobular ducts, and the main excretory duct. Intercalated ducts connect secretory units to interlobular ducts, which are made of simple cuboidal or columnar cells. Interlobular ducts connect to the main excretory duct lined with stratified columnar or squamous epithelium.
3. Exocrine glands are either unicellular like goblet cells, or multicell
Endocrine system parta
The endocrine system regulates activities in the body through hormone signals. Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted in small amounts and travel through the bloodstream to target tissues. Their effects are generally slower but longer lasting than the nervous system. Hormones can communicate between cells as autocrine, paracrine, or pheromone signals. They have various chemical structures including proteins, lipids, and steroids. Hormone secretion is controlled through feedback loops between glands. Hormones are transported through the bloodstream and target tissues, where they interact with specific receptors to regulate functions up or down.
Unit 29 Endocrine System
The nervous system and endocrine system communicate between organ systems to maintain homeostasis. The nervous system works quickly using electrical and chemical signals, while the endocrine system works more slowly using chemical signals through the bloodstream. Neurons are specialized cells that receive and transmit electrochemical signals through their dendrites, cell body, and axon. The senses detect internal and external stimuli which are transmitted by the nervous system. The central nervous system interprets this information and communicates with the peripheral nervous system to stimulate responses. The endocrine system produces hormones that influence cells and affect growth, development, and other processes through chemical messengers in the bloodstream.
Endocrine system - endocrine v nervous system
The document compares and contrasts the endocrine and nervous systems. The endocrine system is a network of glands that secrete slow-acting hormones into the bloodstream to cause long lasting changes to the body. The nervous system uses fast-acting electrical signals and neurotransmitters between neurons to cause short-term responses to stimuli. It controls and coordinates functions throughout the body.
Exocrine and Endocrine Glands
This document discusses the exocrine and endocrine gland systems in insects. It describes the key differences between exocrine and endocrine glands. Exocrine glands secrete chemicals outside the body through ducts, and have roles in defense, communication, building materials, and transport. Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the hemolymph. The major endocrine structures discussed are the corpora allata, corpora cardiaca, and thoracic glands. These glands regulate molting, metamorphosis, polymorphism, diapause, reproduction, metabolism, behavior, and programmed cell death.
Neural and Chemical Coordination
The nervous system and endocrine system work together to coordinate the body's processes. The nervous system uses neurons and electrical signals to control and coordinate functions, while the endocrine system uses hormones to regulate bodily processes and maintain homeostasis. Key components of these systems include the brain, spinal cord, nerves, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Disorders can arise if these systems produce too much or too little of their chemical signals.
Endocrine glands
The endocrine system coordinates activities through chemical messengers called hormones. It consists of endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate many other endocrine glands. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through thyroxine and calcitonin regulates calcium levels. The parathyroid glands work with the thyroid to maintain calcium homeostasis through PTH. The adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline for the fight-or-flight response. The pancreas regulates blood sugar through insulin and glucagon. The gonads produce sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen.
Viewers also liked (20)
The Endocrine System/ The Autonomic Nervous System
The Endocrine System/ The Autonomic Nervous System
Similar to Chapter 15 Hormones Lesson 1 - Endocrine Glands and the effects of insulin
The endocrine system
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system and how it regulates activities in the body through hormones and the nervous system. It describes the different endocrine glands like the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals and pancreas. It explains the location, hormones secreted, and effects of hypo and hypersecretion for each gland. The key functions of hormones like insulin, glucagon, thyroxine and vasopressin are also summarized. Overall, the document covers the basic workings of the endocrine system and different endocrine glands.
Hormones 5076 2015
Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that alter the activity of target organs. They are carried by the bloodstream and eventually destroyed by the liver. The chapter defines hormones and distinguishes between endocrine and exocrine glands. It describes the roles of important endocrine glands like the pancreas, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland. The hormones insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake and storage or breakdown of glycogen. Diabetes occurs when insulin production is insufficient, leading to high blood glucose. The nervous and endocrine systems both coordinate responses but differ in how messages are transmitted and the speed and targets of their responses.
Endocrine_Systemnew.pptx
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the endocrine system. It describes the main endocrine glands - pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and ovaries/testes. It explains how hormones target specific tissues and regulate processes like growth, metabolism, mood, reproduction and more. Feedback mechanisms, especially negative feedback loops, help maintain homeostasis in the body.
Hormones 2015
Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that alter the activity of target organs. There are two main types of glands - exocrine glands that secrete substances through ducts, and endocrine glands that secrete directly into the bloodstream. Key endocrine glands and their hormones are discussed, including the pancreas (insulin and glucagon), thyroid gland (thyroxine), and adrenal gland (adrenaline). Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production, leading to high blood glucose levels. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Adrenaline is released during stress and prepares the body for fight or flight through various effects like increased heart rate
Endocrine_Systemnew.ppt
The endocrine system includes endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to target and regulate distant tissues and organs. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries and testes. Hormones act as chemical messengers to trigger or inhibit various body processes and help maintain homeostasis. Feedback mechanisms, such as increasing insulin with rising blood sugar levels, allow the endocrine system to precisely control and regulate bodily functions.
Endocrine System
The document discusses the endocrine system, which controls many body functions by releasing hormones into the blood. It describes several endocrine glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads and ovaries. It also discusses endocrine emergencies like diabetes mellitus and the role of insulin in facilitating glucose entry into cells.
Endocrine
The document discusses the endocrine system, which controls many body functions by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. It describes several important glands, including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads and ovaries. It also discusses diabetes mellitus, a common endocrine disorder caused by insufficient insulin production that can lead to serious complications if not managed properly.
Endocrine
The document discusses the endocrine system, which controls many body functions by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. It describes several endocrine glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads and ovaries. It also discusses endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus and how insulin regulates glucose metabolism in the body.
Endocrine
The document discusses the endocrine system, which controls many body functions by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. It describes several endocrine glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads and ovaries. It also discusses endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus and how insulin regulates glucose metabolism in the body.
ENDI MW.pptx
The document discusses disorders of the endocrine system, focusing on the pancreas and disorders related to insulin and glucagon production. It describes the key functions of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, including the alpha, beta, and delta cells that produce glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin respectively. It then summarizes diabetes mellitus, distinguishing between type 1 caused by beta cell destruction and type 2 related to insulin resistance. The diagnosis and management of diabetes is also briefly outlined.
Pearson's Endocrine System
A presentation on the anatomy and physiology of the human body's endocrinological system. Based on the book Human Anatomy & Physiology, 11th Edition
Regulation of blood glucose
The document discusses alternation between anabolism and catabolism in the human body. Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simpler ones and supports growth, while catabolism breaks down large molecules into smaller ones and produces ATP through cellular respiration. Insulin promotes anabolic activities that store glucose, while glucagon stimulates catabolic activities. The liver plays a key role in maintaining blood glucose levels between meals by breaking down glycogen or converting other substrates into glucose. Insulin and glucagon work to regulate glucose uptake and output from the liver to keep blood glucose within a normal range. Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is insufficient or ineffective insulin to properly regulate blood glucose.
Edexcel IGCSE Human Biology - Chapter 06 - Chemical Coordination
The document discusses several endocrine glands and hormones, including:
- The thyroid gland, which produces thyroxine to regulate metabolic rate. Thyroxine increases oxygen consumption and protein synthesis.
- The pancreas, which produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels through a negative feedback system. Insulin lowers blood glucose while glucagon raises it.
- The adrenal glands, which produce adrenaline during stressful situations to trigger the fight or flight response through various physiological effects.
Endocrine System
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including:
- The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate bodily functions through slower chemical signaling compared to the nervous system.
- Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries/testes, thymus, placenta, and pineal glands.
- Hormone secretion is regulated by negative and positive feedback loops to maintain homeostasis. Endocrine disorders can result from too much or too little hormone production.
Homeostasis 2014
This document provides information and guidelines about writing a report on homeostasis. It includes definitions of homeostasis, descriptions of the key components and mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis, examples of disruptions to homeostasis, and the adaptive advantages of homeostasis. Students are instructed to research and write a report that describes the purpose, components, and mechanism of a homeostatic control system, explains how balance is reestablished following a disruption, discusses the system's adaptive advantage, and analyzes an example of how a disruption could occur. The document also provides guidance on including citations and creating a bibliography to avoid plagiarism.
Endocrine main [Autosaved].pptx for students
This document discusses endocrine system disorders and diabetes mellitus. It begins by describing the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system, including the major glands. It then discusses hormones, their functions, categories and how they work. The document focuses on the pancreas and its roles in insulin and glucagon secretion. It describes diabetes mellitus in detail, covering types I and II, symptoms, management through diet, medication and insulin therapy. The goal of diabetes management is to normalize blood glucose and reduce complications.
Section 3, chapter 13
The document summarizes key aspects of several endocrine glands and their hormones. It describes the location and functions of the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus gland and reproductive organs. It discusses how thyroid hormones, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, adrenal hormones, insulin, glucagon and reproductive hormones regulate processes like metabolism, calcium levels, stress response and reproduction. It also summarizes thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism as well as diabetes mellitus types I and II.
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones released into the bloodstream. It coordinates with the nervous system to control the body. Hormones help maintain homeostasis, support growth and development, aid in reproduction, and regulate metabolism. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads. Each gland produces unique hormones that target specific cells and tissues to alter cellular processes.
Chapter 45—Chemical Signals In Animals
The document summarizes the major endocrine systems in animals. It describes two main regulatory systems - the nervous system which uses fast-acting neurons, and the endocrine system which uses slower-acting chemical messengers. It then discusses several glands and hormones, including the hypothalamus and pituitary which integrate many functions, the thyroid which regulates metabolism, and the pancreas which produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar. It closes by discussing the adrenal glands and gonads.
Endocrine System
The endocrine system controls the body through chemical messengers called hormones. Glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and ovaries secrete hormones that travel through the bloodstream and trigger responses in target cells. Hormones can be proteins that bind to cell surface receptors or lipids that pass into cells to regulate gene expression. Conditions like Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease occur when the endocrine system produces too much or too little cortisol and other hormones.
Similar to Chapter 15 Hormones Lesson 1 - Endocrine Glands and the effects of insulin (20)
Edexcel IGCSE Human Biology - Chapter 06 - Chemical Coordination
Edexcel IGCSE Human Biology - Chapter 06 - Chemical Coordination
More from j3di79
Chapter 18 Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. It has two stages, meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis results in genetic variation between offspring through two key processes - independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over during prophase I. This genetic variation in gametes produced through meiosis, combined with random fertilization, leads to variation among offspring.
Chapter 14: The Nervous System Part 3 - Reflex Actions
The document summarizes key aspects of the central nervous system, including:
1) The spinal cord contains grey matter on the inside consisting of neuron cell bodies, and white matter on the outside consisting of nerve fibers.
2) Reflex actions are immediate responses to a specific stimulus without conscious control, such as the knee jerk reflex.
3) A reflex arc consists of a receptor, sensory neuron, reflex center in the spinal cord or brain, motor neuron, and effector muscle or gland.
4) A conditioned reflex is a learned response acquired through experience that was originally not an effective stimulus, such as Pavlov's experiment where dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a tone through association with food.
Chapter 16 Reproduction in Plants Lesson 3 - Fertilization & post fertilizati...
The document summarizes the process of fertilization and germination in plants. It discusses how pollen grains germinate and the pollen tube grows to deliver sperm cells. Double fertilization occurs, where one sperm cell fertilizes the egg to form the embryo and the other fertilizes the central cell to form endosperm. Post-fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo while endosperm divides to store food. Seeds then go through germination, where water and enzymes trigger growth of the root and shoot from the stored food reserves. Germination can be epigeal, where the cotyledons emerge above ground, or hypogeal, where they remain below.
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 1 - Deforestation_Overfishing
Human activities like agriculture, industry, and deforestation are negatively impacting ecosystems. Deforestation leads to soil erosion, flooding, desertification, and climate change as trees are removed. Overfishing is also harming marine ecosystems - some fish species' populations have declined drastically due to overfishing, and destructive fishing methods damage habitats like coral reefs. Conservation efforts are needed to protect natural resources and ecosystems.
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 3 water pollution conservation
Sewage and inorganic waste pollute water sources in several ways:
1) Untreated sewage releases bacteria that use up oxygen in water, killing other organisms and potentially spreading disease.
2) Dumping of inorganic wastes like mercury poisoned people through Minamata disease and pollutes waterways.
3) Pesticides and insecticides used in agriculture accumulate up food chains and can poison top predators over time due to bioaccumulation.
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 2 - Air pollution
This document discusses various types of air pollution including their sources and effects. It covers sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which can cause acid rain harming plants, fish, and structures. Smog is described as a mixture of smoke and fog caused by sulfur dioxide accumulation in stagnant air which can cause respiratory illness. Other pollutants discussed are lead poisoning humans, carbon monoxide reducing blood oxygen levels, carbon dioxide causing global warming, and CFCs depleting the ozone layer increasing skin cancer risk. Ways to reduce pollution from vehicles and industry are also outlined.
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 1 - Deforestation_Overfishing
Human activities like agriculture, industry, and fishing can negatively impact ecosystems. Deforestation causes soil erosion, flooding, desertification, and climate change by removing trees that stabilize soil and regulate water cycles. Over-fishing depletes fish populations and destroys habitats by using unsustainable and destructive practices like trawling and dredging that indiscriminately catch other species and damage seabeds. Conservation efforts are needed to protect natural resources and environmental balance.
Chapter 22 Ecology Lesson 3 - Water pollution_Conservation
Sewage and inorganic waste pollute water sources in several ways:
1) Untreated sewage releases bacteria that use up oxygen in water, killing other organisms and potentially spreading disease.
2) Dumping of inorganic wastes like mercury poisoned people through Minamata disease and pollutes waterways.
3) Pesticides and insecticides used in agriculture accumulate up food chains and can poison top predators over time due to bioaccumulation.
Chapter 21 Ecology Lesson 2 - Pyramid of numbers biomass_carbon cycle
The document describes food chains and food webs, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. It discusses how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems in trophic levels and are recycled. It also explains ecological pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy, and how carbon is cycled through photosynthesis, respiration, and decay.
Chapter 21 Ecology Lesson 1 - Biotic and abiotic factors
(a) Energy flows in one direction through ecosystems from producers to consumers in food chains, rather than cycling. (b) Producers are organisms that produce their own food, consumers eat other organisms, and trophic levels refer to positions in a food chain. (c) Energy is lost at each trophic level as it is transferred between organisms, so the amount of energy decreases higher in the food chain.
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 2 - Genes_Transcription and Translation
The document discusses how genes control the formation of proteins through transcription and translation. A gene is a segment of DNA that stores instructions to make a specific protein. During transcription, the DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome, where translation occurs. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence. This results in a polypeptide chain that folds into a protein.
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 3 - Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is a technique used to transfer genes between organisms. It involves identifying the desired gene, using restriction enzymes to cut it from donor DNA, and inserting it into a vector like a plasmid. This vector is then inserted into a host cell like E. coli bacteria. For insulin production, the human insulin gene is inserted into bacterial DNA. The engineered bacteria are grown in large fermenters under controlled conditions to produce large quantities of human insulin. While genetic engineering has benefits like producing affordable insulin, it also raises social and ethical concerns regarding environmental impacts, economic issues, and potential health risks.
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 1 - Structure of DNA
This document provides an overview of molecular genetics content including:
(1) The structure of DNA and how it is organized in cells, with DNA made up of nucleotides containing bases, sugar, and phosphate that form two parallel strands twisted into a double helix.
(2) How genes and DNA are related, with each gene made up of a sequence of nucleotides that can vary, leading to different genes, and DNA containing the genetic information for cellular functions.
(3) The rules of complementary base pairing between nucleotides, with adenine binding thymine and cytosine binding guanine.
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 4 - Gene chromosome mutations_natural selection
Mutations are permanent changes in DNA that can be caused by environmental factors like radiation or random chance during replication. There are two main types of mutations: gene mutations, which cause conditions like albinism and sickle cell anemia, and chromosome mutations like Down syndrome. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to take on a sickle shape and leading to various health problems. While normally harmful, the sickle cell gene provides resistance to malaria, giving carriers an advantage in malaria-prone areas and allowing the mutation to persist.
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 3 - Complete and Incomplete Dominance_Multiple all...
This document discusses different concepts related to genetics including complete and incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and sex determination.
It provides snapdragons with red, white, and pink flowers as an example of codominance, where the alleles for red (R) and white (r) both influence the phenotype and result in pink (Rr) flowers. It also gives human blood types as an example of multiple alleles, where the IA, IB, and Io alleles determine blood type A, B, AB, or O.
The document then provides a genetics problem asking for the possible blood groups of children from a mother with blood type A and a father with blood type B. It works through the
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 4 - Examples of Gene and Chromosome Mutations and ...
Mutations are permanent changes in DNA that can be caused by environmental factors like radiation or random chance during DNA replication. There are two main types of mutations: gene mutations, which cause conditions like albinism and sickle cell anemia, and chromosome mutations, such as Down syndrome. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to take on a sickle shape and leading to health issues. While normally harmful, the sickle cell mutation provides resistance to malaria, giving carriers an advantage in malaria-prone regions.
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 2 - Present day understanding on heredity based on...
This document summarizes key concepts in genetics and heredity based on Mendel's findings:
1. DNA is organized into chromosomes that are found in the nucleus and carry genetic information. Humans have 46 chromosomes that come in 23 homologous pairs, with one chromosome from each parent.
2. Genes are segments of DNA that control traits and are located on chromosomes. Alleles are different forms of the same gene that can result in different phenotypes.
3. Mendel's theory of segregation explains how alleles separate during gamete formation and fertilization, resulting in different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring according to the combination of alleles inherited from each parent.
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 1 - Monohybrid Cross and Test Cross
This document provides background information on Gregor Mendel and his experiments with pea plants that formed the basis of genetics. It defines key genetic terms like phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous. It then explains Mendel's monohybrid cross experiments, showing how a single trait is passed from parents to offspring in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. An example monohybrid cross is shown using punnett squares to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 5 - Discontinuous and Continuous Variation
There are two types of variation: discontinuous and continuous. Discontinuous variation results in distinct phenotypes controlled by one or a few genes, like pea plant height. Continuous variation produces a spectrum of intermediate phenotypes controlled additively by many genes, such as human skin color. Continuous traits can also be influenced by the environment, unlike discontinuous traits. Both natural and artificial selection can act on variations to influence evolution over generations.
Chapter 18 Cell Division Lesson 3 - Stages of mitosis
The document describes the stages of mitosis:
1) Interphase is the resting stage where the cell grows and the DNA duplicates.
2) Prophase is when the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes form.
3) Metaphase is when chromosomes line up along the center of the cell.
4) Anaphase is when the chromosomes separate to opposite sides of the cell.
5) Telophase is when new nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromosomes.
6) Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, completing cell division into two daughter cells.
More from j3di79 (20)
Chapter 14: The Nervous System Part 3 - Reflex Actions
Chapter 14: The Nervous System Part 3 - Reflex Actions
Chapter 16 Reproduction in Plants Lesson 3 - Fertilization & post fertilizati...
Chapter 16 Reproduction in Plants Lesson 3 - Fertilization & post fertilizati...
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 1 - Deforestation_Overfishing
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 1 - Deforestation_Overfishing
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 3 water pollution conservation
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 3 water pollution conservation
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 2 - Air pollution
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 2 - Air pollution
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 1 - Deforestation_Overfishing
Chapter 22 Our Impact on the Ecosystem Lesson 1 - Deforestation_Overfishing
Chapter 22 Ecology Lesson 3 - Water pollution_Conservation
Chapter 22 Ecology Lesson 3 - Water pollution_Conservation
Chapter 21 Ecology Lesson 2 - Pyramid of numbers biomass_carbon cycle
Chapter 21 Ecology Lesson 2 - Pyramid of numbers biomass_carbon cycle
Chapter 21 Ecology Lesson 1 - Biotic and abiotic factors
Chapter 21 Ecology Lesson 1 - Biotic and abiotic factors
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 2 - Genes_Transcription and Translation
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 2 - Genes_Transcription and Translation
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 3 - Genetic Engineering
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 3 - Genetic Engineering
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 1 - Structure of DNA
Chapter 20 Molecular Genetics Lesson 1 - Structure of DNA
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 4 - Gene chromosome mutations_natural selection
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 4 - Gene chromosome mutations_natural selection
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 3 - Complete and Incomplete Dominance_Multiple all...
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 3 - Complete and Incomplete Dominance_Multiple all...
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 4 - Examples of Gene and Chromosome Mutations and ...
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 4 - Examples of Gene and Chromosome Mutations and ...
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 2 - Present day understanding on heredity based on...
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 2 - Present day understanding on heredity based on...
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 1 - Monohybrid Cross and Test Cross
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 1 - Monohybrid Cross and Test Cross
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 5 - Discontinuous and Continuous Variation
Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 5 - Discontinuous and Continuous Variation
Chapter 18 Cell Division Lesson 3 - Stages of mitosis
Chapter 18 Cell Division Lesson 3 - Stages of mitosis
Recently uploaded
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdBenner "Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneThe History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Recently uploaded (20)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
Chapter 15 Hormones Lesson 1 - Endocrine Glands and the effects of insulin
- 1. Hormones and endocrine glands Chapter 15
- 3. 1. 2. 2 methods of testing hormonal levels in our bodies
- 6. Location of endocrine glands
- 7. Location of the adrenal gland
- 11. Insulin