Work Study: Definition, objective and scope of work study. Human factors in work study. Work study and management. Method Study: Definition, objective and scope of method study, activity recording index aids. Charts to record moments in shop operation – process charts, flow process charts, travel charts and multiple activity charts.

1. Unit 2 - Work Study: Definition, objective and scope of work study. Human
factors in work study. Work study and management. Method Study: Definition,
objective and scope of method study, activity recording and exam aids. Charts to
record moments in shop: operation process charts, flow Process charts, travel
chart and multiple activity charts.

2. • Method Study or Work Simplification
Systematic procedure for analyzing the existing method of doing job including the various
human movements involved in it.
Method study is the process of recording and analyzing methods and procedures involved in
work flow with an eye on increasing productivity

3. Objectives of Method Study
➢To improve manufacturing process and procedures
➢To improve factory, office and work place layout.
➢To reduce plant and equipment design
➢To reduce human fatigue and effort in performance of work
➢To improve man power and material, machine power
➢To improve physical working conditions
➢To ensure safety in all activities

4. Method Study

5. Process steps:
1. Select (the work to be studied);
2. Record (all relevant information about that work);
3. Examine (the recorded information);
4. Develop (an improved way of doing things);
5. Install (the new method as standard practice);
6. Maintain (the new standard proactive).

6. Method Study Symbols

7. Occurs when an object is intentionally changed in one or more of
its characteristics
Usually occurs at a machine or a work station
Drilling, Painting, Data Entry, Cutting, Sorting, etc.
Operation
7

8. Occurs when an object is moved from one place to another
except when the movement is part of an operation or an inspection
Using elevator, carrying, moving with material handling devices
Transportation
8

9. Occurs when an object is examined for identification or is
compared with a standard as to quantify or quality
Examine the quantity or quality, read steam gauge on boiler, detect
the defectives
Inspection
9

10. Occurs when the immediate performance or the next planned
action does not take place
Work In Process inventory waiting to be processed, Employee
waiting for an elevator, Waiting for accumulation of a certain
quantity for packaging
Delay
10

11. Occurs when an object is kept under control such that its
withdrawal requires authorization
Bulk storage of raw material, finished products inventory, archived
documents
Storage
11

12. Combined Symbols
Two symbols may be combined when two activities are performed
concurrently.
Operation and Inspection
12

13. Activity Recording Aids
(a) Process Charts
(b) Diagrams
(c) Motion and Film Analysis (Micromotion and
Memomotion Studies)

14. Process Charts
(i) Outline Process Chart
(ii) Flow Process Chart
(iii) Two Handed Process Chart
(iv) Multiple Activity Chart

15. Outline Process Chart
➢An Outline Process Chart surveys and records an overall picture of
the process and states only main events sequence-wise.
➢It considers only (main) operations and inspections.
➢Actually an outline process chart is the beginning of a detailed
analysis.

16. Flow Process Chart
• A Flow Process Chart is a detailed version of outline process chart and it
records all the events.
• It is a graphic representation of the chronological sequence of all operations,
transportation, inspection, delays and storages occurring during a process
• Steps:
(1) Sets out sequence of flow (of a procedure or product);
(2) Records all the events in sequence using process chart symbols;
(3) Marks distances travelled and time taken for completing an activity; and
(4) Mentions other important (or key) points, if any.

17. Flow Process Chart Usefulness:
• Reduce travel distance of man/material
• Avoid waiting time and unnecessary delays
• Reduce cycle time by combining or eliminating operations
• Fix up the sequence of operations
• Relocate the inspection stages

18. Types of flow process charts
(a) Flow process chart (Man) – Records what the worker does
(b) Flow process chart (Material) – Records what happens to the material or product
(c) Flow process chart (Equipment) – Records how the equipment is used

19. Job, Polishing the specimen for metallographic study

20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuH
ofNW40Yw

21. Process of Making Copies at photocopy Shop

24. Flow Process Chart (Man-materials type)

25. Flow Process Chart-An Example
1 X Enter emergency room, approach patient window
2 X Sit down and fill out patient history
3 X Nurse escorts patient to ER triage room
4 X Nurse inspects injury
5 X Return to waiting room
6 X Wait for available bed
7 X Go to ER bed
8 X Wait for doctor
9 X Doctor inspects injury and questions patient
10 X Nurse takes patient to radiology
11 X Technician x-rays patient
12 X Return to bed in ER
13 X Wait for doctor to return
14 X Doctor provides diagnosis and advice
15 X Return to emergency entrance area
16 X Check out
17 X Walk to pharmacy
18 X Pick up prescription
19 X Leave the building
0.50 15
10.0 -
0.75 40
3.00 -
0.75 40
1.00 -
1.00 60
4.00 -
5.00 -
2.00 200
3.00 -
2.00 200
3.00 -
2.00 -
1.00 60
4.00 -
2.00 180
4.00 -
1.00 20
Process: Emergency room admission
Subject: Ankle injury patient
Beginning: Enter emergency room
Ending: Leave hospital
Step
no.
Time
(min)
Distance
(ft)
Summary
Number
of steps
Activity
Time
(min)
Distance
(ft)
Step description
Insert Step
Append Step
Remove Step
Transport 9 11 815
Operation 5 23 —
Inspect 2 8 —
Store — — —
Delay 3 8 —
25

26. Material Type - Example
26

27. Man Type - Example Type - Example
27

28. Multiple Activity Chart
The activities of more than one subject ie, worker, machines are
recorded on a common time scale to show their inter relationship.
It is used to determine the optimum mix of resources for the work.

29. Multiple Activity Chart - Use
• Study idle time of man and machines
• Determining number of machines handled by one operator
• Determining number of operators required in the team to perform the given job
Also known as Gang Process Charts
 Used when several workers operate a single machine or render a single service
 Used when a single worker is operating several machines
 Used to show the exact relationship between idle and operating times of both workers and machines
An operation performed by one member of the group may continue while another member is
performing more than one operation.
The chart should cover the complete cycle for the longest performing member.

30. Multiple Activity chart for Laundry work

31. Activity Chart
31
Subject: Semi-Auto Machine
Operator Machine
Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
Load machine Being loaded
Idle Run
Unload Being Unloaded
Present
Also known as Gang Process Charts

32. Left-Hand-Right-Hand Charts
Useful in analyzing the work performed by one person at one
specific workstation. As the name implies, the chart follows the
motion of the left and right hands of one operator .
Each hand of the worker is treated as an activity.
Each hand’s activities are broken into work elements and plotted
side by side on a time scale.
32

33. Left-Hand-Right-Hand Charts (Cont.)
Lists the work performed simultaneously by each hand
◦To assist in finding a better method of performing the task
and
◦To train the operator in the preferred method.
33

34. Symbols
Two symbols are used in this chart:
◦ Transportation (either an arrow or a small circle)
◦ Action (e.g., grasp, position, use, release)
A sketch of the workplace is drawn, indicating the contents of the
bins and the location of tools and materials.
◦ Record the motions of one hand at a time
◦ Usually necessary to redraw the chart
34

35. L-R Hand Chart of Signing a Letter
LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND
Hold Letter
Reach for pen
Grasp pen
Carry pen to paper
Sign letter
Return pen to holder
Release pen in
holder
Move hand back to
letter
35

36. Left-Hand-Right-Hand Chart (An Example)
36

37. LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND
Reach for bolt in bin 1
Grasp bolt
Carry bolt to work area
Position bolt
Hold Bolt
Carry assembly to bin 3
Release assembly
Reach for nut in bin 2
Grasp nut
Carry nut to work area
Position nut
Assemble nut
Release nut
February 3, 2023 37
LAB # 6: METHOD STUDY

39. Summary

40. Work Study and Method Study

41. Method Study-Select

42. Select-Economical Factors

43. Select-Human Factors

44. Select-Technical Factors

45. Method Study-Record

46. Method Study-Examine

47. Method Study-Examine -1

48. Method Study-Develop

49. Method Study-Define

50. Method Study-Define

51. Method Study-Install

52. Method Study-Maintain

53. What is Travel Chart?