A Google Slides presentation about the First and Second Crusades.

1. First and Second Crusades
Grant Collins
Taking of Jerusalem
by the Crusaders
(July 15, 1099)
Emile Signol
1847

2. What were the Crusades?
● A series of wars during the Middle Ages
● Europeans tried to retake control of Jerusalem
and the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Why did they want to control
Jerusalem?
Jerusalem was important to different religions
● It was important to Jews as the site of the original
temple to God built by King Solomon.
● Muslims believe Jerusalem was where
Muhammad ascended into heaven.
● It was important to Christians because of Christ’s
death and resurrection there.

3. Background
The first Crusade started when the Seljuk Turks took control of the
Holy Land. Before this, the Arabs had controlled the land. However,
the Arabs had allowed Christians to go on a pilgrimage and visit the
city of Jerusalem. In 1070, when the Turks took control, they began to
mistreat and refuse Christian pilgrims into the area.

4. How Did The First Crusade Begin?
Pope Urban II Emperor Alexios I
ANSWERING A CALL FOR HELP:
Pope Urban II of Rome agreed to help
Emperor Alexios I retake the Holy Land
and Anatolian Peninsula from the Turks.
1095 AD

5. Sermon At Clermont
November 1095 AD
Call To Battle
➔ Pope Urban II called for Christians to
retake the Holy Land from the Muslims.
➔ He promised everyone who fought
would be forgiven of their sins.
➔ Thousands of Christians responded.
The Speech That Launched The Crusades
Clermont, France

6. Peter The Hermit
➔ Priest
➔ Recruited from three
countries
★ France
★ Belgium
★ England

7. The People’s Crusade
● Lasted from April-October 1096 AD
● Led by Peter The Hermit
● Prelude to the First Crusade
● About 10,000 out of 40,000 of the crusaders died on the way to
Constantinople
● They massacred thousands of Jews on the way
● Defeated by the Turks in Constantinople

8. FIRST CRUSADE
➔ Most successful of the Crusades
➔ Four armies met in Constantinople and marched together to
the Holy Land in 1096
➔ They took Nicea, Antioch, and ultimately Jerusalem (in 1099
AD)
➔ Set up five Christian states in the Holy Land

10. What Caused The Second Crusade?
● The County of Edessa was one of the
five States set up by the 1st Crusaders
● In 1146, the capital city (Edessa) was
conquered by Muslims.
● The entire population was killed or sold
into slavery

11. 1147-1149 THE SECOND CRUSADE
● Announced by Pope Eugene III after Edessa was taken
by the Muslims
● First crusade to be led by European kings (Louis VII of
France and Conrade III of Germany, with help from other
European nobles
● Unsuccessful. The Muslims remained in control
of Edessa.

12. There would be a total of 9 Crusades (including a
Children’s Crusade which ended in disaster).
None (after the 1st Crusade) were very
successful in gaining control of the Holy Land.