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1. Philippine History with Politics ad Governance

2. Factors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines
• Renaissance
• Humanism
• Discovery and invention of
new navigational instruments
• Early Travels to the East
• Early Portuguese and
Spanish voyages
• Improvements in military
and in ship-building
technology
• Crusades
• Fall of Constantinople (1453)
• The reconquista and desire to
spread Catholicism
• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
• Leadership of Prince
Henry the Navigator of
Portugal
• Accumulation of capital and
the development of banking
in Europe
• Desire for spices
• Search for new routes by
Spain and Portugal
Economic
Political
and
religious
Scientific
and
Secular
Pursuits
Other
factors

3. Factors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines

4. Accumulation of capital and the
development of banking in Europe
 Rise of lending
houses (e.g. House
of Fugger in
Germany and House
of Medici)
 Ensuing for more
trade beyond
Western Europe

5. Desire for spices
 Spices were in demand in the West
 Exposure to food and spices grown in the East changed
the Westerner’s taste preferences
 A major motivation for Portuguese and Spanish
expeditions to the East

6. Search for new routes
 Trade with the East was carried through 3 principal
trade (silk) routes which are dangerous to men and
goods, and entailed much time, money and effort
 After the fall of Constantinople (1453) to the Muslims,
routes were closed to Europe. Only the Venetians were
allowed to use to southern route
 Based on geographical location, Spain and Portugal
found it easier to meet the challenges of maritime
expansion
 Search for new trade route was accompanied by strong
missionary purpose

8. Factors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines

9. Crusades (1096-1272)
 Defined as a religious
adventure to regain the Holy
Land from the Muslims
 Brought Europeans closer
with the superior and
sophisticated civilizations in
the East
 Stimulated not only interest
in Oriental culture but also
demand for its goods and
products

10. Fall of Constantinople
 On May 29, 1453, the city
of Constantinople fell into
the hands of Sultan
Mohammed II and his
Ottoman warriors
 Trade routes were
blocked. Discovery of new
routes to Asia was an
imperative necessity

11. Before the Fall of Constantinople in 1453

12. Fall of Constantinople

13. The reconquista and desire to
spread Catholicism
 Reconquista – the movement to destroy the Muslim
power in the Iberian Peninsula, ended with the capture of
Granada in 1492
 It manifested in the attempts of Spain and Portugal to
colonize and convert pagan and Islamic lands to
Catholicism

14. Treaty of Tordesillas
 Divided the non-Christian lands into two spheres: one
for Spain (West) and the other for Portugal (East)
 A demarcation line was drawn 370 leagues west of
Cape Verde Islands.
 Led Magellan to sail westward

16. Leadership of Prince Henry the
Navigator of Portugal
 Inspired maritime
exploration of the 15th
century
 Gathered best sailors and
geographers of Europe
 Established an observatory
and a nautical school
 Sent out expedition after
expedition to uncharted
waters of the African coast

17. Factors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines

18. Renaissance Means “revival of learning”
 Puts emphasis on scientific, secular, and artistic
pursuits rather than religious. Advances the following
Aristotle’s theory of
the sphericity of the
Earth
Compilation of a 17-
volume geography of
the world by Strabo
Renowned work on
geography by
Ptolemy (150 AD)
Infusion of greater
emphasis on
geographical science
by such works

20.  Dominant in 16th
century, it eroded
the binding
power of religion
and stressed the
development of
mind and heart,
rather than the
soul

21. The discovery and invention of more technologically-
advanced navigational instruments
Mariner’s
compass
Astolabe Portolani Quadrant Sextant

22. Factors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines

23. Early travels to the East
 Travels of Franciscan fathers
from 13th century to early 14th
century and others to the east
inflamed European interest in
the Orient and its fabled
treasures
 Travel of Ibn Batuta (1304-
1378), Sheik of Morocco,
through India, Malaysia, and
China from 1325 to 1353
 The travels of Marco Polo in
China and Southeast Asia
Marco Polo

24. Early Portuguese and Spanish Voyages
Rounding Cape of
Blanco, Africa by
Antonio Gonzalvez
(1441)
Discovery of Cape
Verde Islands by
Dennis Fernandez
(1445)
Discovery of Cape
of Good Hope by
Bartholomew Diaz
(1487)
Discovery of
America by
Columbus (1492)
Discovery of route
going to Calicut,
India by Vasco de
Gama (1489)
Capture of Goa,
India by
Albuquerque (1510)
Conquest of
Moluccas and
Malay Peninsula by
the Portuguese
Missionary exploits
by St. Francis
Xavier in SEA,
Japan, & China
Discovery of Pacific
Ocean by Balboa
(1511)

25. Improvements in military and in
ship-building technology
 Enabled European colonizers to colonize a well-
equipped military force
 Easier to conquer the natives through the use of
firearms and cannons
 Encouraged Europeans to organize more expeditions
to the east.