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Introduction To Microgrid<br />8/25/2009<br />1<br />

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Outline<br />Introduction to Microgrid.<br />Microgrid Operating Modes.<br />The Need of Microgrid.<br />Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks.<br />Environmental Aspects.<br />Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.<br />Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid.<br />Future Directions on Microgrid Research.<br />References.<br />8/25/2009<br />2<br />

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Introduction To Microgrid<br />What is Microgrid? <br />Itis a small-scale power supply network that is designed to provide power for a small community.<br />It enables local power generation for local loads.<br />It comprises of various small power generating sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.<br />8/25/2009<br />3<br />

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Introduction To Microgrid<br />What is Microgrid? <br />It is connected to both the local generating units and the utility grid thus preventing power outages.<br />Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.<br />Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to municipal regions.<br />8/25/2009<br />4<br />

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Introduction To Microgrid<br />Microgrid Components <br />Distributed Generation<br />Loads<br />Immediate storage<br />Controller<br />Point of Common Coupling <br />8/25/2009<br />5<br />

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8/25/2009<br />6<br />Typical Microgrid is shown below:<br />

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8/25/2009<br />7<br />Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid<br />

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Microgrid Operating Modes<br />Grid Connected Mode:<br />Utility grid is active.<br />Static switch is closed<br />All the feeders are being <br /> supplied by utility grid.<br />8/25/2009<br />8<br />

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Microgrid Operating Modes<br />Island Mode:<br />Utility grid is not supplying power<br />Static switch is open.<br />Feeder A, B, C are being supplied<br /> by Microsources.<br />Feeder D (not sensitive ) <br /> is dead. <br />8/25/2009<br />9<br />

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The Need Of Microgrid<br />Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.<br />Transmission losses gets highly reduced.<br />Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts emissions without major changes to lifestyles.<br />Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to critical loads<br />8/25/2009<br />10<br />

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Interconnected Microgrids <br /> Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks<br />Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA. <br />For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called Power Parks.<br />The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks. <br />8/25/2009<br />11<br />

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Environmental Aspects<br />Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy sources.<br />Large land use impacts are avoided.<br />CO2 Emissions are reduced.<br />8/25/2009<br />12<br />

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Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid<br />Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared to Microgrid.<br />Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in conventional grid.<br />Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as Microsources) are small and are located in close proximity to load.<br />8/25/2009<br />13<br />

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Advantages & Disadvantages <br /> Microgrid Advantages<br />A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a utility grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the Microgrid.<br />In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by reducing the load on the grid.<br />Significant environmental benefits made possible by the use of low or zero emission generators. <br />8/25/2009<br />14<br />

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Advantages & Disadvantages<br />Microgrid Advantages<br />The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency.<br />Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its users by generating some or all of its electricity needs.<br />8/25/2009<br />15<br />

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Advantages & Disadvantages<br />Microgrid Disadvantages<br />Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main parameters that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is maintained.<br />Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus requiring more space and maintenance.<br />Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.<br />8/25/2009<br />16<br />

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Advantages & Disadvantages<br />Microgrid Disadvantages<br />Microgrid protection is one of the most important challenges facing the implementation of Microgrids.<br />Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose obstacles for Microgrid.<br />Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling the void.<br />8/25/2009<br />17<br />

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Future Directions on Microgrid Research<br />To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration, experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control methods under various operation modes.<br />Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on interaction phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of distributed generation.<br />Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent, robust energy delivery system in the future by providing significant reliability and security benefits. <br />8/25/2009<br />18<br />

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References<br />A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. &quot;TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ON MICROGRIDS&quot; (DECEMBER 2008)<br />http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2008/jeas_1208_146.pdf<br />S. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta, J.N. Rossb, K. Steemersc, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. &quot;Can microgrids make a major contribution to UK energy supply?&quot; (September 2004)<br />http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11276/1/Microgrids.pdf<br />John Stevens. &quot;Characterization of Microgrids in the United States&quot;, Sandia National Laboratories (January 2005)<br />http://www.electricdistribution.ctc.com/pdfs/RDC_Microgrid_Whitepaper_1-7-05.pdf<br />Robert H. Lasseter, Paolo Piagi. &quot;Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution&quot;, University of Wisconsin-Madison (June 2004)<br />http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/ecow/get/publicatio/2004public/lasseterpesc04us.pdf<br />8/25/2009<br />19<br />

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References<br />&quot;Integration of Distributed Energy Resources - The CERTS MicroGrid Concept&quot;, Consultant Report (October 2003)<br />http://www.pserc.org/cgi-pserc/getbig/researchdo/certsdocum0/certspubli/certsmicrogridwhitepaper.pdf<br />&quot;Why the Microgrid Could Be the Answer to Our Energy Crisis&quot;<br />http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/137/beyond-the-grid.html<br />&quot;How a Microgrid Works&quot;<br />http://science.howstuffworks.com/microgrid.htm<br />“The Rise of MicroGrid Power Networks&quot;<br />http://www.sustainablefacility.com/Articles/Feature_Article/58905d08bd629010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____<br />8/25/2009<br />20<br />

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Thank You<br />8/25/2009<br />21<br />

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Queries?<br />8/25/2009<br />22<br />