Smart grid

SMART GRID
AN INTRODUCTION
Under supervision of : Submitted By:
Mrs. Manjima Bhattacharya Shivangni sharma
(Dept. of Electrical Engg.) 15EE221
NIT PATNA M.Tech-PhD DD(PS)
1

CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Comparison
• Features of Smart Grid
• Smart Grid Components
• Overview
• Projects in India
• Smart Grid Benefits
• Drawbacks
• Conclusion
• References
2

INTRODUCTION
• Simply means a “ Smarter “ Power Grid.
• A Smarter grid with improved efficiency and two way
communication.
• Reducing carbon emissions as it is integrated with renewable
energy resources.
• A Network created through IT , communication technology and
Electrical Power system.
• Can handle digital , computerized equipment and technology
dependent on it and can automate and manage the increasing
complexity and needs of electricity.
3

COMPARISON
Characteristics Today’s Grid Smart Grid
Communication One Way Two way
Customer
Interaction
Limited Extensive
Operation Manual Remote control
Generation Centralize Centralized and
Distributed
Power flow control Limited Extensive
4

SMART HOME
6
Inside Smart home new equipment, appliances, and software are
available that use emerging Smart Grid technologies to save energy,
seek out the lowest rates, and contribute to the smooth and efficient
functioning of our electric grid.

INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
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It will give grid operators new tools to reduce power demand quickly when wind or solar
power dips.
 It will have more energy storage capabilities to absorb excess wind and solar power when it
isn't needed, then to release that energy when the wind and solar power dips.
 Energy storage will help to smooth out the variability in wind and solar resources, making
them easier to use.
Building an electric superhighway can also help solve the problem, as it will help to ship the
power to where it is needed.

CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT
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The Smart Grid offers many opportunities for consumers to save energy and for
utilities to operate the grid in a more efficient, effective, and reliable way.
For instance some utilities will place a remote control switch on the air
conditioner on and off during peak power demand . In return customer receive
credit on their bill.
Some schemes are time -of- use pricing , net metering.

GRID OPERATION CENTRES
9
Primary task of grid is to
Make sure that as much
power is generated as is
being used.
Otherwise grid can
become unstable.
Grid operators also have
limited information about
how the power is flowing
through the grid.
Smart Grid technologies offer a
new solution to the problem of
monitoring and controlling the
grid's transmission System.
Reducing the need to fire up
costly secondary Plants.
Grid operators can see and
manage electricity
consumption in real time.
Software could potentially
monitor the grid in real time
for potential disturbances
that could lead to blackouts.
Ex. Phasor measurement
units

DISTRIBUTION INTELLIGENCE
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It refers to the part of the Smart
Grid that applies to the utility
distribution System, that is, the
wires, switches, and transformers
that connect the utility substation to
you, the customers.
A key component of distribution
intelligence is outage detection and
response.
By combining automated
switching with an intelligent System
that determines how best to
respond to an outage, power can be
rerouted to most customers in a
matter of seconds, or perhaps even
milliseconds.

PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• For the Smart Grid, plug-in electric vehicles represent a broader
technology known as energy storage
• PEVs can drastically reduce our dependence on oil, and they emit no
air pollutants when running in all-electric modes. However, they do
rely on power plants to charge their batteries, and conventional
fossil-fueled power plants emit pollution.
• PEVs may play an important part in balancing the energy on the grid
by serving as distributed sources of stored energy, a concept called
"vehicle to grid”.
• Some upcoming PEVs are- Chevrolet Volt, a plug-in hybrid, Ford
Electric Focus and Nissan Motors - Leaf And a number of startup
companies are producing specialty PEVs.
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SMART GRID COMPONENTS
Smart meters
Phasor measurement
Information transfers
Distributed generation
12

SMART METERS
• Recognizes and details Electrical consumption.
• Relays information to central monitoring station.
• Will replace traditional meters.
• Power outage notification and power quality
monitoring.
• Time of day charges.
• Information sharing.
13

PHASOR MEASUREMENT
Measure AC current waveforms
Monitors power Quality
Wide Area Measurement system
- Provides real-time data
- Phasor data Concentrators
- Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition system
Sends information to central control station for
better management
14

INFORMATION TRANSFER
Two way communication
ZigBee
- Uses IEEE 802.15.4
-Low-energy
-Fast start up Time
-Mesh Topology connection
15

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Allow the connection of small scale
renewable generation
-Solar ,Wind, Fuel Cells , Microturbines
Generation close to the load, improving
Efficiency
Customer Interaction
Increase Reliablity
16

PROJECTS IN INDIA
 Government of India has proposed to continue R-
APDRP(Restructured Accelerated Power Development and
Reform Program), an initiative for distribution reform
 BESCOM Project Bengaluru-integration of renewable and
distributed resources into the grid.
 KEPCO Project in Kerala-$10 Billion initiative for Smart Grid
 Aggressive deployment of PMU
 Northern grid- already installed 4 PMUs,20 more progress
 Western grid- 25 PMUs
 Eastern Grid-70-80 PMUs
 Smart mini grid using only renewable energy source has been
commissioned at TERI(The Energy Resource Institution),Gurgaon
campus
 Dr Sam Pitroda, chairman India Smart Grid Task Force launched
the Smart Grid portal in 2013 : www.IndiaSmartGrid.org
18

Gujarat to get country’s first
smart grid
Times of India
 Like cell-phone users, people may be able to pick a plan for
electricity consumption. The Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Ltd (UGVCL)
will roll out India's first modernized electrical grid, or the smart grid,
in Naroda and Deesa in north Gujarat .
The pilot project will study consumer behavior of electricity usage
and propose a tariff structure based on usage and load on the
power utility. Eventually, it will be rolled out across the state to
disincentivize power consumption during peak hours.
New meters embedded with SIM cards will be installed in 20,000
residential and industrial units in Naroda to monitor data every 15
minutes on how a particular consumer uses power.
19

SMART GRID BENEFITS
Efficiency
Distributed Generation
Smart metering
Energy Management Systems
Reliability
Wide Area Monitoring
Environment
Renewable generation
Reduce Demand on Centralized Generation
facilities
20

DRAWBACKS
 Security and Privacy
 Some types of meters can be hacked, these hackers:
 Gain control of thousand, even millions of meters
 Increase or decrease demand of power
 Large no. of components
 Various technology components:
 e.g. Softwares, integrators etc.
 Concern that complex rate systems(e.g. variable
rates) remove clarity and accountability, allowing the
supplier to take advantage of customer
21

CONCLUSION
Smart Grid improves existing electrical
infrastructure
Reliability, efficiency, economically,
environmentally
Distributed Generation
Smart meters
Development of new technologies and
markets
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REFERENCES
• A. Ipakchi and F. Albuyeh , "Grid of the future" , IEEE Power
Energy Mag. , vol. 7 , no. 2 , pp.52 -62 , 2009
• A. Vojdani , "Smart integration" , IEEE Power Energy Mag. , vol. 6
, no. 6 , pp.72 -79 , 2008
• Gilbert N. Sorebo and Michael C. Echols ,”SMART GRID
SECURITY” An End-to-End View of Security in the New Electrical
Grid
• USA Department of energy-Smart Grid
– https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/
• Energy.gov
• Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability
• http://smartgrid.ieee.org/
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