Microgrids are small-scale power systems that can operate while connected to a traditional grid or independently. They consist of distributed energy resources like generators, storage systems, and controllable loads managed by a central controller. Microgrids can operate in grid-connected mode, importing and exporting power bi-directionally for economic benefit. They can also operate islanded from the main grid to provide reliable power. Combined heat and power systems are efficient as they sequentially produce both electricity and usable heat from the same fuel input. Microgrids provide benefits like utilizing more renewable energy, higher reliability, reduced emissions, and lower costs compared to traditional grids.

2. Micro grid
Self sustainable power
Small scale power supply network
Consist of distributed energy resource(DER)
Low voltage distribution

3. Micro grid structure
DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT

4. Parts of micro grid
Distributed energy resource(DER)
Load
Storage system
Controller
point of Common coupling

5. Load &Point of common coupling
Critical load: uninterrupted power supply
Non-critical load(controllable):load can be
disconnected or shed accordingly.
Point of common coupling: point in the electric circuit
where a micro grid is connected to a main grid

6. Point of common coupling

7. Micro grid operation mode
Grid connected mode
 Connected through point of common coupling
 Bi-directional power flow
 Economic benefit by supplying excess power to main grid
 Reduce the fuel cost using the power from main grid during
low(night) load
Island mode
 Isolated from main grid

8. Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
 Generation of power and heat sequentially from same
heat input
 Maximum utilization of heat
 Application:Fuel cell, sugar mill.
geothermalbiogasbiomass

9. Combine heat and power (CHP)

10. Features of CHP
Protection against rising fuel prices
 More efficient than separate generation of electricity
and heat.
Lower operating cost- higher efficiency translates to
reduced fuel consumption.
Very efficient technology.

11. Need of micro grid
Economical aspect
 Transmission loss
 Running cost
Environmental aspect
 Large land space
 Emission due to conventional generator
 Climate change

12. Micro grid features
Better power quality
High reliability
Utilize more renewable energy sources
Less emission (Environmental friendly)
Low installation cost
Less land space

13. Micro grid advantage
Ability to separate from main grid during disturbance
Reduce the emission
Reduce electricity cost

14. Micro grid challenges
Maintenance and space required for battery bank
Synchronization with main grid
Uncertainty of wind and PV system
Protection of micro grid

15. References
Review of Microgrid Technology by Hartono BS,
Budiyanto and Rudy Setiabudy Faculty of
Engineering. Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424.
Microgrid Economic Optimal Operation of the
Combined Heat and Power System with Renewable
Energy by W. Gu, Member, IEEE, Z. Wu, and X.
Yuan.