Micro combined heat and power (micro CHP) simultaneously generates electricity and usable heat from a single fuel source. It provides environmental, economic and social benefits. Micro CHP systems are typically under 15 kW and use natural gas, biogas or liquid biofuels. They capture waste heat from power generation to heat spaces and water. Compared to separate electricity and heating systems, micro CHP can achieve over 70% total fuel efficiency. It offers savings on energy costs and reduced emissions. Fuel cell and internal combustion engine micro CHP are well suited to residential and small commercial applications.

1. STUDY OF MICRO
COMBINED HEAT & POWER
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2. ABSTRACT
Micro Combined Heat and Power (CHP) have been
identified as a key element of the Energy Strategy offers
environmental, economic and social benefits & fulfils the
joint objectives of security of supply.
However, in order to achieve the full potential for this
technology, a number of regulatory and structural changes
are required. This Presentation summarizes the potential,
current status of micro CHP & how to implementing it into
India.

3. Introduction
• Micro CHP (combined heat and power) is the
simultaneous production of heat and power in a single
building based on small energy conversion units.
• It generates electricity & heat at the same time. So, some
of which you will use in your own home, the remainder it
exported to the grid to be used by others. The heat
produced is used for space and water heating.
• Micro-CHP, a cost-effective and flexible low carbon
solution that generates heat and electricity on-site.

4. • Systems consist of a heat engine attached to a power
generator that produces electricity.
• The system can be fuelled by a natural gas, biogas and
liquid bio fuels.
• Micro-CHP systems are able to recover the waste heat from
the engine (from the exhaust gases and the refrigeration
circuits).

5. • This heat can then be used for several purposes such as space
heating & others.
• The main output of a Micro-CHP system is heat with some
electricity generation, at a typical ratio of about 6:1 for
domestic appliances.
• The “micro” term is typically designated as less than fifteen
kilowatts electric (<15 kW Elect.).

6. Advantages
1. Costs, Savings, Earnings:
• Save on electricity and fuels costs due to higher efficiencies.
• Investment costs of micro-CHP are higher than those of a
conventional set-up, i.e. a boiler for heat and a grid
connection for electricity.
• Operating costs can be lower, depending mainly on electricity
tariffs and grid charges.
• Local generation of electricity is in some countries cheaper
than buying it off the grid.

7. 2. Environmental Impacts:
• Usually lower to those of conventional and condensing
heating boilers.
• Environmental impacts are reduced in proportion to the
efficiency gain and the reduction of fuel use.
• Micro CHP systems can lead to GHG emission reductions by
avoiding generation of electricity in conventional power
plants.
• The result depends on the energy 'mix' (the share of
different types of power plants e.g. nuclear, coal, gas,
renewable) of the country or region where the system is
installed.

8. 3. Efficiency:
• Typically 70-80% of the energy value of the fuel is
converted to heat for central heating and hot water
purposes & 10% and 25% is additionally converted to
electricity, and the remainder (10-15%) is waste, lost
with flue gases.
• Compared to the separate supply of heat by a
conventional or condensing boiler and electricity from
the grid, micro-CHP systems are more efficient.

9. Applications
1. Organic Rankine Cycle mCHP
2. Stirling Engine mCHP
3. Fuel Cell mCHP
4. Internal combustion engine (ICE) mCHP
5. Micro turbines

10.  Fuel Cell mCHP:
• It is a solution that has high electrical efficiency and
therefore its output is much less determined by heat
demand.
• As a result, this solution can provide a high level of power
generation flexibility and create opportunities for
enhanced demand response and combination with other
distributed generators (e.g. heat pumps, vehicle to grid).

12. • In general terms, fuels cells combine a hydrogen based fuel
input and gaseous stream containing oxygen.
• The products of this reaction vary for each type of fuel cell
but typically are electrical power, heat, and water. In some
instances, other product gases such as carbon dioxide are
formed.
• PEMFC & SOFC have the Advantage to Utilize Natural gas
directly into electricity & Continuous Heat output so use as a
Micro CHP.
• Electrical Efficiency: 30-35%
• Low Emissions
• Low Temperature and Fast Startup
• Mostly for continuous running apps
• Some under development

13. • This low carbon technology is suitable for organizations
with smaller buildings that need to use electricity and
heat for long periods.
• Applying micro cogeneration can result in:
1) Increased energy efficiency
2) Reduced CO2 emissions
3) Reduced energy costs
4) Peak energy demand reduction

14.  Typical applications include:
1) Care homes
2) Hotels
3) Hospitals
4) Office buildings
5) Apartment blocks
6) Laundries
7) Retail stores
8) Fast foods restaurants

15. Case Study for single family
For ELECTRICITY
For 1st Room: -2 tube light, 1 fan & 1 ac
For 2nd Room: - 2 tubelight &1 fan
For Drawing Room: - 2 fan, 2 tubelight, 1 TV & 1 chimney
For kitchen: - 1 mixture, 1 fridge & 1 tubelight
Total KWH
Total tube light = 7*20W*4hour*300days = 168KWH
Total Fan = 4*80W*10hour*300days = 960KWH
Total AC = 1*1000W*2hour*300days = 600KWH
Total Fridge=1*1000W*24hour*300days = 7200KWH
Total Mixture = 1*100W*0.5hour*300days = 15KWH
Total TV = 1*100W*8hour*300days = 240KWH
Total Chimney = 1*100W*8hour*300days = 240KWH
Total KWH/Annum = 9423 KWH/Annum
Total KWH/Month = 785.25 ~ 785 KWH/Month

16. Charge on KWH
Fixed charge = 45/Month
Variable charge = (50*2.8) + (50*3.1) + (685*3.75) = Rs.2864/Month
So Total cost = 2864+45 = Rs. 2909/Month
So Total cost/Annum = Rs.2909*12 = Rs.34908/- = $588.17/-
For Gas
Gas Charge = $ 5.01/unit = 5.01*62.54 = 313.3254 ~ Rs.314/-
1 Therm = 100,000 BTU
Cost per therms = 0.42 to 1.10
For Cooking
If we assume 1 unit is consuming per month then,
Total therms consumed per day = 0.1111 therms/day
Charge of cooking Gas/Annum = 314*300/30 = Rs.3140/-

17. For Heating
If we will heat a water to 60˚ up to 120˚ then,
Cost = $0.5 - $14 per bath
Average we are taking = $3/bath & 0.12295 therms/bath used.
Cost of heating/Annum = 3*62.54 = 187.62*4 person = 750*300 =Rs. 2, 25,000/-
Total Gas Charge
Total Gas Charge/ Annum = Rs.3140 + Rs.225000
=Rs.2, 28,140/- =$3647.90/-
So,
Cost per therms = Total prize for gas / no. of therms consumed
= (3647+3140) / (147.54+33.33)
= 32.52/Annum
= 3.25 / month
Cost per KWH = Total prize for KWH / no. of KWH consumed
= 34908/9423
= 3.70/Annum
= 0.309/month

21. Conclusion
Fuel Cell Micro CHP offers a unique combination of heat
and electricity generation which is perfectly adapted in
household energy use. It is also used in isolated application
on small scale. Micro CHP is likely to have a positive
environmental impact with CO2 saving in the region of 20%
of house hold emissions. Micro CHP has finally reached
commercial reality, having faced and overcome significant
technical, administrative and regulatory obstacles.

22. References
• http://www.rural-energy.eu/solutions/8/366/Micro-
combined-heat-and-power-micro-CHP#.VNjpgz_nWCF
• http://www.qnergy.com/-micro-chp-system
• http://www.cogeneurope.eu/micro-chp_269.html
• http://www.energ-group.com/ener-g-combined-
power/energy-services/micro-
cogeneration/applications/
• http://www.baxi.co.uk/renewables/combined-heat-
and-power.htm
• http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/doc
uments/Marathon_Case_Study.pdf?20e3-8422
• http://www.b-es.org/sustainability/sustainable-
technology-briefing-sheets/micro-chp-guidance/

23. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_combined_heat_a
nd_power
• http://www.marathonengine.com/cogeneration.html
• http://www.ecuity.com/wp-
content/uploads/2013/03/The-role-of-micro-CHP-in-a-
smart-energy-world.pdf
• http://www.microchap.info/benefits.pdf
• http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/domestic/conten
t/micro-chp
• http://www.yougen.co.uk/renewable-
energy/Combined+Heat+'26+Power/
• http://www.marathonengine.com/energy_savings.htm
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