Wilkinson's catalyst, also known as chloridotris(triphenylphosphane)rhodium(I), is a coordination complex of rhodium with the formula RhCl(PPh3)3. It is a red-brown solid that is soluble in hydrocarbon solvents and used widely as a catalyst for hydrogenation of alkenes. Wilkinson's catalyst is obtained by treating rhodium(III) chloride hydrate with excess triphenylphosphine, which acts as a reducing agent to reduce rhodium from Rh(III) to Rh(I). It adopts a slightly distorted square planar structure and undergoes fast dynamic exchange processes in solution.
Contents includes at least three strategies of synthesis for each of three, four, five and six membered heterocylic ring with one or two heteroatoms. One mechanism described out of the three strategies. Few name reactions are described and the other are simple synthetic methods. This presentation was prepared for the partial fulfillment of Master of Pharmacy. The content was taken from the various books, mentioned in slide with the title of references.
Contents includes at least three strategies of synthesis for each of three, four, five and six membered heterocylic ring with one or two heteroatoms. One mechanism described out of the three strategies. Few name reactions are described and the other are simple synthetic methods. This presentation was prepared for the partial fulfillment of Master of Pharmacy. The content was taken from the various books, mentioned in slide with the title of references.
When there are two functional groups of unequal reactivity within a molecule, the more reactive group can be made to react alone, but it may not be possible to react the less reactive functional group selectively.
A group the use of which makes possible to react a less reactive functional group selectively in presence of a more reactive group is known as protecting group.
A protecting group blocks the reactivity of a functional group by converting it into a different group which is inert to the conditions of some reaction(s) that is to be carried out as part of a synthetic route
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It is an intramolecular rearrangement reaction in which the 1,2-migration of silyl group from carbon to oxygen under basic conditions.It involves the formation of a pentacoordinate siliconintermediate.Discovered by Adrian Gibbs Brook in 1958.
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Analog design is usually defined as the modification of a drug molecule or of any bioactive compound in order to prepare a new molecule showing chemical and biological similarity with the original model compound
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synthesis of hetero-cyclic drugs which act as anti-malarial drugs where you get all information about synthesis, preparation, properties, uses of drugs.
When there are two functional groups of unequal reactivity within a molecule, the more reactive group can be made to react alone, but it may not be possible to react the less reactive functional group selectively.
A group the use of which makes possible to react a less reactive functional group selectively in presence of a more reactive group is known as protecting group.
A protecting group blocks the reactivity of a functional group by converting it into a different group which is inert to the conditions of some reaction(s) that is to be carried out as part of a synthetic route
Synthetic reagent and applications OF ALUMINIUM ISOPROPOXIDEShikha Popali
SYNTHETIC REAGENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM ISOPROPOXIDE ITS ALTERNATIVE NAMES AND ITS PHYSICAL PROPERTIRS , HANDLING, STORAGE, PRECAUTIONS, PREPARATIONS, SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS
It is an intramolecular rearrangement reaction in which the 1,2-migration of silyl group from carbon to oxygen under basic conditions.It involves the formation of a pentacoordinate siliconintermediate.Discovered by Adrian Gibbs Brook in 1958.
N-BROMOSUCCINAMIDE A REAGENT USED IN THE SYNTHESIS, IT IS ALSO A SYNTETIC REAGENT AND HERE IN THIS PRESENTATION THE MOLECULAR FORMULA ITS ALTERNATE NAME APLLICATION ARE DISCUSSED.
Analog design is usually defined as the modification of a drug molecule or of any bioactive compound in order to prepare a new molecule showing chemical and biological similarity with the original model compound
CHEMISTRY OF PEPTIDES [M.PHARM, M.SC, BSC, B.PHARM]Shikha Popali
THE CHEMISTRY OF PEPTIDES THE DIFFICULT TO COLLECT DATA FOR READERS , THREFORE HERE WE HAVE COLLECTED ALL THE DATA AT A PLACE AND PROVIDED EASIER TO CHEMISTRIANS.
Introduction
Classification
Therapeutic values of peptidomimetics
Design of peptidomimetics by manipulation of amino acids
Modification of peptide backbone
Chemistry of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes
synthesis of hetero-cyclic drugs which act as anti-malarial drugs where you get all information about synthesis, preparation, properties, uses of drugs.
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5 membered heterocyclic compound Furan. it is complete powerpoint presentation who want to learn from basics of heterocyclic chemistry. I have referred from various books and done my best so that view can get all they can without scroll many books. Kindly give your feedback after viewing powerpoint presentation
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1. Wilkinson’s Reagent
SHIKHA D. POPALI
HARSHPAL SINGH WAHI
Department of Pharmaeutical chemistry M.pharm 1St yr
GURUNANAKCOLLEGEOF PHARMACY,NAGPUR
2. • Wilkinson's catalyst, is the common name for chloridotris(triphenylphosphane)rhodium(I), a cordination
complex of rhodium with the formula RhCl(PPh3)3(Ph = phenyl).
• It is a red-brown colored solid that is soluble in hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, and more so
in tetrahydrofuran or chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane.
• The compound is widely used as a catalyst for hydrogenation of alkenes.
Introduction:
tris(triphenylphosphine)chlorhodium
2
3. Structure and basic properties
According to single crystal X-ray diffraction the compound adopts a slightly distorted square
planar structure.
In analyzing the bonding, it is a complex of Rh(I), a d8 transition metal ion. From the
perspective of the 18-electron rule, the four ligands each provides two electrons, for a total of
16-electrons.
As such the compound is coordinatively unsaturated. Furthermore, in solution the complex
undergoes fast dynamic exchange processes both intermolecular (one of the PPh3 is labile and
is constantly exchanged between the inner coordination Rh sphere and the solution, although
this fast equilibrium is really balanced towards the starting triphosphine complex, K = 10−5 M)
and intramolecular (fluxionality).
3
4. Wilkinson's catalyst is usually obtained by treating rhodium(III) chloride hydrate with an excess
of triphenylphosphine in refluxing ethanol. Triphenylphosphine serves as a two-electron reducing agent that oxidizes
itself from oxidation state (III) to (V). In the synthesis, three equivalents of triphenylphosphine become ligands in the
product, while the fourth reduces rhodium(III) to rhodium(I).
RhCl3(H2O)3 + 4 PPh3 → RhCl(PPh3)3 + OPPh3 + 2 HCl + 2 H2O
Catalytic applications
1. Decarbonylation of Aldehyde
This reaction is of value when a carbonyl group is needed foe activation in a step in a synthetic sequence and has to be
removed subsequently. Decarbonylation wih Wilkinson’s catalyst goes through complexes of the type is an intramolecular
reaction and gives a retention of configuration at a chiral R.
Synthesis
4
6. 2. Formation of Carbon-carbon bonds
In the example, the first step involves a ligand exchange by a combination of ligand association-dissociation step and a
methyl group is inserted into the coordination sphere of rhodium. An oxidative addition then incorporates the phenyl
group into the rhodium coordination sphere and subsequent reductive elimination then joins methyl group and the
benzene ring to yield toluene in the last step.
6
7. 3. Hydrogenation of alkenes using Wilkinson’s catalyst
The mechanism of this reaction involves the initial dissociation of one or two triphenylphosphine ligands to give
14- or 12-electron complexes, respectively, followed by oxidative addition of H2 to the metal. Subsequent π-
complexation of alkene, migratory insertion (intramolecular hydride transfer or olefin insertion), and reductive
elimination complete the formation of the alkane product.
Mechanism of hydrogenation with Wilkinson’s catalyst
7