The presentation explain the cosmetics with its uses and causes with its formulations with simple and image form , so it become more easy to learn

2. 1.Introduction
2.Definition of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
3.Struture of Skin
4.Classification of cosmetics

3.  Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the
appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body.
 Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face, hair, and body.
 They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived
from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics or
artificial.
 Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called
make-up or makeup. Common make-up items include: lipstick, mascara,
eye shadow, foundation.
 Whereas other common cosmetics can include skin cleansers and body
lotions, shampoo and conditioner, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.),

4.  Providing protection from harmful external factors.
 Regulating body temperature.
 Perceiving external stimuli.
 Supporting in immunity protection.
 Serving as a blood supply.
 Synthesizing Vitamin D.
 Prevents loss of internal moisture.
 Reduces harmful effects of UV radiation.

6.  The human skin is the outer covering of the body.
 In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system.
 The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the
underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs.
 Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals skin, and
human skin is very similar to pig skin.
 Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles, it can
appear hairless.
 There are two general types of skin, hairy and glabrous skin

7. There are 3 types of skin layers:
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. subcutaneous

8. The epidermis is, the outermost layer of skin, provides a
waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.
There are 5 layers:
1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum spinosum
5. Stratum basale

9.  The purpose of the stratum corneum is to form a barrier to
protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration,
chemical and mechanical stress.

10.  The stratum lucidum is a thin, clear layer of dead skin
cells in the epidermis named for its translucent
apperance under a microscope.
 It is found only in areas of thick skin.

11.  Thin layer of cells in the epidermis.
 Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying
stratum spinosum become know as granular
cells in this layer.
 These cells contain kerahyalin granules, protein
structures that promote hydration and cross
linking of keratin.

12.  The is layer is also referred to as the “spinous” or
“prickle-cells” layer.
 This appearance is due to desmosomal connections of
adjacent cells.

13.  It is a continuous layer of cells.
 It is often describe as one cell thick though it
may fact be two to three cells thick in glabrous
(hairless) skin.

14.  Keratinocytes
 Melanocytes
 Langerhans cells
 Merkel cells

15.  Keratinocyte is the predominant cell type in the
epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.
 Those keratinocytes found in the basal layer of
the skin are sometimes referred to as “basal
calls”.
 The primary function of keratinocytes is the
formation of a barrier against environmental
damage.

16.  Melanocytes are melanin producing cells located in the
bottom layer(the stratum basale) of the skin’s
epidermis, the middle layer of the eye.

17.  Langerhans cells are dendritic cells of the skin and
mucosa, and contain large granules called birbeck
granules.
 In skin infection, the local Langerhans cells take up
and process microbial antigens to become fully
functional antigen-presenting cells.

18.  Merkel cells are oval receptor cell found in
the skin of vertebrates that have synaptic
contacts with somatosensory afferents.
 They are associated with the sense of light
tough discrimination of shapes and textures.

20.  It is the thickest of the three layers of the skin.
 It including sweat and oil glands(which secrete
substance through openings in the skin called
pores) hair follicles, nerve endings and blood
and lymph vessels.
 The main components of the dermis are
connective tissues(collagenous fibers, elastic
fibers, reticular fibers)

21.  Blood vessels in the dermal papillae nourish all hair follicles
and bring oxygen and nutrients to the lower layer of epidermal
cells.
2. Nerve Fibers:
Responsible for the sense of touch, relaying information to the
brain for interpretation.
3.Sweat gland:
1.Eccrine gland
2.Apocrine gland

23.  Subcutaneous tissue, which is also knows as the
hypodermis, is the innermost layer of skin.
 It is made up of fat and connective tissue that house
larger blood vessels and nerves.
 Subcutaneous tissue act as an insulator and regulates
body temperature.

25. COSMETICS: “cosmetic” means any article intended to
be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on, or introduced
into, or otherwise applied to, the human body or any part
there for cleansing, beautifying, promoting
attractiveness, or altering the appearance.

27. Cosmetics are classified into 3 main categories
which are as follows:
1.According to their use
2.According to their function
3.According to their physical nature

28. A) Use for the skin: e.g 1cream
2 powder
3 lotion 4 deoderants
5 antiperspirants.
B) Use for the nails: e.g 1 nail polish
2 nail polish remover
3. manicure preparation
C)Use for the teeth and mouth: e.g 1 dentrifrices
2 mouth washesh
D) Use for the eye: e.g 1eye cream
2.eye lashes 3. eye liner
E) Use for the hair. E.g 1shampoo
2 hair removers
3 hair dyes

29. 1) Curative or therapeutic function: e.g antiperspirant and hair
preparation.
2) Protective function: e.g face powder
3) Corrective function: e.g face powder
4) Decorative function: e.g lipstick, nail polish, eye lashes

30. 1) Arosols: e.g hair perfumes,
2) cakes: e.g rough compacts
3) Emulsion: e.g vanishing cream, cleansing cream
4) oils: e.g hails oils
5) paste: e.g tooth paste, deodarant paste
6) powders: e.g face powder, tooth powder
7) soaps: e.g shaving soap, toilet soap, shampoo soap
8) stick: e.g lipstick,

31. Dentrifrices are the preparation meant to be applied to the teeth
with a tooth brush for the purpose of cleaning the accesible
surface of the teeth.
 Cleaning the tooth
 Polishing the tooth root
 Removal of strains from the teeth
 Reduction of mouth mouth odours.

32. There are used for the cleanings, refreshing and nourishing effect.
 Face powder
 Cold cream
 Cleaning cosmetics
 Foundation cream
 Compact face powder
 Preapation for the eye preparation:
1. Eye shadow
2. Eye brow pencil
 Lipsticks

33. Face powder is a cosmetic preparation meant for the
improvement of overall attractiveness of the face.
Formulation:
Talcum powder------75.0g
Kaolin--------------5.0g
Chalk powder--------5.0g
Zinc oxide-----------10.0g
Zinc stearate---------5.0g
Perfume and colour sufficinent quantity.

34. Compact face powder is a dry powder which has been compressed
to form a cake and is usually applied with powder puff.
Formulation:
Talcum powder-------50.0g
Titanium oxide-------5.0g
Kaolin---------------15.0g
Zinc oxide------------10.0g
Calcium carbonate-----15.0g
Starch----------------5.0g
Binder----------------5.0ml

35. Cold cream is an emulsion which when applied on the skin a
cooling effect is product due to slow evaporation of water
present in the emulsion.
Formulation:
Bees wax-----------16.0g
Liquid paraffin------50.0g
Borax-------------0.8g
Water-------------32.2g
Perfume and preservatives q.s

36.  These are designed to be applied to the face after cleansing to
provide a smooth emolient base for application of facial
makeup.
5.Lotion -
• A thick, smooth liquid preparation designed to be
applied to the skin for medicinal or cosmetic purposes.
• For e.g. Calamine lotion

37.  A gel is a solid jelly like material that can have properties
ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough.
 Substantially dilute cross linked system, which exhibits no flow
when in the steady state.
 For e.g. Aloe vera gel
7. Suntan -
• A formulated to prevent sunburn, skin cancers, and
conditioning cause by excessive exposure to the sun, by
absorbing and reflecting UV radiation.
• For e.g. Sunscreen

38.  Hair is one of the vital parts of the body and considered
to be accessory structure of the integument along with
the sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails.
 Hair cosmetics are those that help to control the
properties and behavior of the hair so that it can be
maintained in a controlled and desirable manner.

39.  Eye products include products that are used around the
eye to enhance the appearance of the eyes and to
emphasis the beauty of eyes.
 They include such products as eye shadow, eye liner,
eyebrow products and other products that can held to
enhance and accent the eyes.
 Eyeliner -
 Eyeliner are products that apply
color to the area around the eyes
to accent and highlight appearance
of the eyes.

40. Mascara are product intended to enhance the
appearance of the eyes by thickening,
lightening, and usually darkening the eyelashes.
3. Eye Makeup Remover -
Intended to help easily remove makeup that has been
applied.
4.Eye Color –
Eye color products are intended to
apply color in the area of the eye
to enhance and accent the appearance
of the eyes.
For e.g. Eye shadow

41. 10.COSMETICS FOR NAILS
• Nail products are products that are used to color the nails, to
protect them against damage, to soften and condition cuticles,
and to supplement the nails.
• The nails should receive regular care as an essential part of
grooming and to maintain them in good condition. They should
be shaped and trimmed regularly.
1.Nail lacquers and remover –
Nail lacquers, base coats, top coats, nail hardeners, and nail
treatments are coatings applied to the nail plate to provide a
pleasing look and to address specific nail plate conditions, such as
Soft, Peeling, or Brittle nails.

42. 2.Nail Polishes –
Nail polish are product that are used to color the
nails, to protect them against damage, to soften and
condition cuticles and to supplement the nails.

43. 11.COSMETICS FOR ORAL CAVITY
• Oral care products are intended to cleanse the oral cavity,
freshen the breath, and maintain good oral hygiene.
• Some products also include ingredients to protect against the
formation of cavities.

44. Toothpastes –
Toothpastes are pastes, powders,
liquids, or other preparations intended for
cleaning the teeth. Medicated toothpastes are
also widely used to treat the dental problems.
Mouthwashes –
These are the liquid formulations used for
cleaning and freshening the mouth and for oral
hygiene.

45. 1) Harry’s Cosmeticology by Dr. Martin M. Rieger
Editor-in-Chief 8th edition chemical publication.
2) Herbal cosmetics handbook by H. Panda
3) Perfumes & cosmetics by S. C. Bhatia volume II
4) A handbook of Cosmetics by B. M. Mithal & R. N.
Saha Vallabh Prakashan.