Titanium chloride encompasses various inorganic compounds including titanium dichloride, trichloride, and tetrachloride, with uses in catalysis and production of titanium metal and titanium dioxide. Titanium trichloride serves as a key Ziegler-Natta catalyst for polyethylene production and is useful in organic synthesis, while titanium tetrachloride serves as an intermediate in titanium metal production. Both compounds have distinct properties and synthesis methods, with specific applications in industrial processes.

1. TITANIUM
CHLORIDE

2. TITANIUM CHLORIDE
• Titanium Chloride is the inorganic compound
• The formula of titanium chlorides is
• Titanium dichloride (TiCl2)
• Titanium trichloride (TiCl3)
• Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4)

3. TATINIUM (III) CHLORIDE
• Titanium(III)chloride is one of the most common
halides of titanium and is an important catalyst for
the manufacturing of polylefins
• STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM TRICHLORIDE

4. Synthesis of TiCl3
• TiCl3 is produced usually by reduction of titanium(IV)
chloride. Older reduction methods used hydrogen
2 TiCl4 + H2 → 2 HCl + 2 TiCl3
Application
TiCl3 is the main Ziegler-Natta catalyst,
responsible for most industrial production
of polyethylene. The catalytic activities depend
strongly on the polymorph of the TiCl3and the
method of preparation

5. Laboratory Use of TiCl3
• TiCl3 is also a specialized reagent in organic synthesis,
useful for reductive coupling reactions, often in the
presence of added reducing agents such as zinc
• It reduces oximes to imines
• Titanium trichloride can reduce nitrate to
ammonium ion thereby allowing for the sequential
analysis of nitrate and ammonia
• Slow deterioration occurs in air-exposed titanium
trichloride, often resulting in erratic results, e.g. in
reductive coupling reactions

6. Titanium Tetrachloride
 Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic
compound with the formula TiCl4
 It is an important intermediate in the production
of titaniummetal and the pigment titanium dioxide
 TiCl4 is a volatile liquid. Upon contact with humid air,
it forms spectacular opaque clouds of titanium
dioxide (TiO2 and hydrated hydrogen chloride

7. Properties of TiCl4
• TiCl4 is a dense, colourless distillable liquid, although
crude samples may be yellow or even red-brown
• It is one of the rare transition metal halides that is a
liquid at room temperature
• TiCl4 is soluble in toluene and chlorocarbons

8. Synthesis of TiCl4
• TiCl4 is produced by the chloride process, which
involves the reduction of titanium oxide ores,
typically ilmenite (FeTiO3), with carbon under
flowing chlorine at 900 °C. Impurities are removed
by distillation
2 FeTiO3 + 7 Cl2 + 6 C → 2 TiCl4 + 2 FeCl3 + 6 CO

9. Applications of TiCl4
• Production of titanium metal
The conversion involves the reduction of the
tetrachloride with magnesium metal. This procedure
is known as the Kroll process
2 Mg + TiCl4 → 2 MgCl2 + Ti
In the Hunter process, liquid sodium is the reducing
agent instead of magnesium

10. •Production of titanium dioxide
Around 90% of the TiCl4 production is used to make
the pigment titanium dioxide (TiO2). The conversion
involves hydrolysis of TiCl4, a process that
forms hydrogen chloride
TiCl4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 HCl
In some cases, TiCl4 is oxidised directly with oxygen
TiCl4 + O2 → TiO2 + 2 Cl2

11. USES OF TiCl4
• TiCl4 finds occasional use in organic synthesis,
capitalizing on its Lewis acidity, its oxophilicity, and
the electron-transfer properties of its reduced
titanium halides
• It is used in the Lewis acid catalysed aldol addition