The document discusses the fall of Rome and its legacy. Some key points: - Germanic tribes like the Visigoths and Vandals invaded and sacked Rome, leading to its fall. - After Rome's fall, Western Europe was politically fragmented with Germanic kingdoms emerging. The Catholic Church remained an influential institution. - Figures like Clovis, Charlemagne, and Pepin helped establish kingdoms like the Franks and expanded Christianity in Europe. Charlemagne was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor in 800. - Monasteries played an important role in preserving knowledge and culture during this unstable period after Rome's collapse.

1. The Fall of Rome

2. Legacy
•Form of government – Republican-
Democracy

3. Legacy
•Great Rulers :
• Julius Caesar – “et tu Brute?”
• Augustus Caesar – increased Caesar's empire
Diocletian – Split the empire into two parts Hadrian
– Hadrian's wall in England
• Trajan – The forum, rebuilt Rome Marcus
Aurelius= last good emperor
• Among others – of course there were some terribleones too!
• Caligula and Nero

4. Legacy
ART
Its architecture was
Hellenistic (meaning
“Greek inspired”)
• Pantheon Dome

6. Legacy
• Aqueducts

7. Legacy
“All roads lead to rome””

8. Legacy
• Bath Houses

10. Legacy
•Spread of the Pax Romana (Peace of Rome)
• The empire is peaceful because if you mess with it, they kill you.
• Decline of Rome
• had 22 emperors over a 50year period, 20 died violently
• Persians and Germans move into empire Civil war
• Money Troubles
• Trade /industry declined.
• Labor shortage due to disease Farm
Money became short and soldiers
• Had to hire Germanic soldiers = who had no loyalty to Rome
and did not understand tradition
• Overall decline in society, morals, education, business

11. Fall of Rome
• Rome was besieged by various tribes from modern day
Germany and France.
• Huns from Russia / central Asia invaded
• eastern Europe and forced the German Visigoths into Roman
territory.

12. Fall of Rome
• Eventually Visigoths destroyed Rome and took control
• Vandals invaded southern Spain and Africa/ eventually crossed
over into Italy from Northern Africa and sacked Rome also

14. Aim: How was
Western Europe
organized politically
after the Fall of Rome?
Do Now: Evaluate the
“before” and “after”
maps of Europe.
Describe what is
happening?

15. Chapter 13
European Middle Ages

16. Warm-
Up
•Imagine all of the schools, colleges,
libraries and computers were destroyed.
•Now imagine all the teachers and doctors quit
because no one was paying them.
•What would the world be like?

17. European cities declined as centers of trade. Cities
were abandoned
People retreated to rural areas (countryside).
Roman cities were left without strong leaders.
German invaders could not read or write. Literacy
was lost. Few people except priests and other
Church officials were able to read.
As German-speaking people mixed with the Roman
population, Latin began to change into the
languages we know today such as French, Spanish
and Italian. Latin was no longer a unifying force
within Europe. Different dialects developed.
Disruption of TradeDownfall of Cities
Population Shifts
Decline of Learning
Loss of a Common Language
The Effects of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Disruption of Trade
Downfall of Cities
Population Shifts
Decline of Learning
Loss of a Common
Language
Merchants faced invasions on land and sea.
Businesses collapsed and money became scarce.

18. Germanic Kingdom Emerge
400-600
•Germanic kingdom replaces Rome Provinces
•Church remained strong
•provided order and security

19. Germanic life:
• Live in small
community
• Loyalty to the Chief
• Lives in Lord’s Hall
(Lord= gives food,
weapon, treasure)
• Fought to the death
• Stress personal ties
• Owe no loyalty to
king they do not
know
• Impossible to
establish large
territories

20. Clovis rules the
Franks
• Germanic people
• Present day France
and Switzerland
• 496 Clovis prayed
to Christian God
for help
• And won
• Clovis and 3,000 of
his soldiers asked a
bishop to baptize
them
Maybe..if I prayed to the Christian
God..my wife talks about it a lot…
Christian God can you please help
me win this battle…I promise if
you do..I will make sure all my
men will worship you!

21. • Germans adopts Christianity
• The Church in Rome supporter his military
• Marked the partnership between king and pope (church and state
• He united Franks into one kingdom- Merovingian Dynasty (511)

22. Christianity expanded
•Church built
monasteries
•religious
communities
•Ran by monks
(gave up
possessions, devote
lives to God)
•Nuns lived in
convents

23. Christianity expanded
•Benedict/ Scholastica
•Adopt a strict rules
•Guidelines and models for
others
•Devote lives to prayers
and good works
•Best educated
communities
•Opened schools,
maintained libraries,
copied books
•Monk made beautiful
copies of religious writing
•Illuminated manuscripts

25. Papal Power Expanded
(Church = Pope)
590
•Pope Gregory I (the Great)
•Expand power beyond
church and included
secular = worldly
•Use Church revenue to
raise armies, build roads,
help poor, negotiated
peace treaties
•Churchly kingdom ruled
by pope – central to
Middle Ages

26. Carolingian Dynasty
• Roman empire dissolve
• England – into tiny
kingdoms
•France- the largest kingdom
• Kings were weak
• Charles Martel (Charles the
Hammer)- mayor of the
palace
• More powerful than the king
• Extended power
•Defeated Muslim from
Spain – Battle of Tours
(732)
• Significant- stopped
Muslim spread

27. Carolingian Dynasty
•Charles dies
•He passed power to son –
Pepin the Short
•Fought Lombards to save
Rome
•Pope anointed Pepin
“King by the grace of
God”
•Pepin dies 768

28. •Charlemagne (the Great)-
become king
•Made kingdom more powerful
and larger
•Spread Christianity
•Reunited Roman Empire
(became larger than Byzantine Empire)
•800- marched to Rome and
saved Pope Leo III
•In gratitude- anointed him
as “Emperor”
•Significant - joining power
of German- Church +
Roman Empire
•Encourage learning

29. • Charlemagne dies
•Louis the Pious- very
religious but ineffective
ruler
•Divided kingdom to
three sons
•Lothair, Charles the
Bald, Louis the
German
•Fought one another-
led to Treaty of
Verdun (split
empire into 3)
•Beginning of
Feudalism

30. CH 13 Sec 1
1. What role did the Church play in
helping Clovis conquer other Germanic
people?
2. What role did Pope Gregory the Great
play in spreading the idea of a vast
unified kingdom?
3. What was important abut Charles
Martel’s victory at the Battle of Tours?
4. How did Pepin the Short strengthen
the Frankish kingdom?
5. What was the importance of
Charlemagne’s coronation as emperor?
6. How did Charlemagne govern his
unified kingdom?

31. Franks Come to Power
Germanic people lived in small communities bound by
personal loyalty rather than to a leader of an Empire.
Lead by Clovis, the Franks gain control of what is today
France. Clovis converts to Christianity. The Frankish
Kingdom and the Christian Church form a strategic
alliance.
Germanic People Adopt Christianity
The Germanic Kingdoms played a critical role in the
spread of Christianity across Europe. The Merovingian
and Carolingian Dynasties rule.
Charlemagne Takes the Throne
Charlemagne built an empire that was the strongest that
Europe had experienced since Rome. He expanded his
empire and united the people of Europe.
Charlemagne Crowned Holy Roman Emperor
After defending the Pope from an unruly mob in Rome,
the Pope crowned Charlemagne “Roman Emperor”. This
was significant because a Church official had claimed the
right to grant a political title to a European King.
Charlemagne’s Rule
Charlemagne limited the power of the Nobles and
closely watched over his government. He
encouraged learning and opened schools to train
new priests and monks. His three sons could not
keep his Empire together, and central rule broke
down.