The document summarizes the rise of Europe between 500-1500 AD. It describes how the fall of the Western Roman Empire led to the emergence of new Germanic kingdoms and a decline in learning. It then discusses how Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under the Franks in the late 8th century through military conquest and promoted Christianity and education. His coronation in 800 AD marked the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire and Charlemagne's legacy of strengthening central rule in Europe. However, internal fighting after his death caused the empire to split into multiple kingdoms once more.
Germanic Tribes and Vikings5th-11th centuries The My.docxshericehewat
Germanic Tribes and Vikings
5th-11th centuries
The Myth of the Dark Ages
Germanic tribes took over Roman lands.
Hundreds of little kingdoms took the place of the Western Roman Empire in Europe.
Modelled Roman law, customs, and Christianity
Kingdoms were always at war with one another.
Myth of the Dark Ages
Germanic tribes adopted Christianity
Monasteries – communities of nuns and monks who were servants of God
They were Europe’s best educated
They opened schools
Maintained libraries
Copied important books: this preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements
The Franks
In A.D. 481, Clovis united the Franks and became their king.
Clovis converted to the Christianity.
Essentially, the Franks blended Germanic and Roman cultural practices
He established the Merovingian Kingdom
The Franks
By 800s Franks ruled much of western, central Europe
Leaders most influential in expansion of Franks all belonged to one family—Charlemagne’s family, the Carolingians
One of first Carolingians to gain power, Charlemagne’s grandfather
Charles Martel, political adviser, war leader for Frankish king
Led Frankish army in many crushing defeats of opponents, notably at the Battle of Tours
Age of Charlemagne
Charlemagne 742-814 AD
Overview:
Charlemagne became king of the Franks in 768 A.D. He tried to recreate the glory of the old Roman Empire.
He conquered vast territories and was eventually proclaimed emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III.
He gave land to his nobles in exchange for their loyalty and military service.
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was a Frankish king that lived during the 8th and 9th centuries
He became king in 768 after his father Pepin the Short died
Charlemagne was an ambitious ruler and expanded the Frankish territory
Because of his successful campaigns, he has been considered by some as the Father of Modern Europe.
Charlemagne and pope Leo
In 773 Charlemagne began his attack on the Lombard kingdom, which was in northern Italy
Pope Leo called on him for help when the Lombards attacked Papal States, 774
The Papal states was a region in central Italy under control of pope
By 774, he had the Lombards on the verge of defeat and he received the Iron Crown
The Iron Crown made him king over the Franks and Lombards
Charlemagne and Pope Leo
In 799, Charlemagne helped Leo III again. Eventually, Charlemagne was named emperor of the Roman people
The Pope’s action suggested that Charlemagne’s rule had the backing of the church and God
Th effects of this were massive:
Charlemagne now rivaled the Byzantine’s as the inheritors of Rome
It placed the Roman papacy firmly in the sphere of the west isolating it from the influence of the Byzantines
Charlemagne also considered marrying the Byzantine queen Irene to unite the empires
The West was now further unified politically and spiritually
Charlemagne
Charlemagne had tremendous power as emperor
His empire was large and not easy to rule; he made c ...
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1. CHAPTER 7 – THE RISE OF
EUROPE
500 AD – 1500 AD
2. New Germanic Kingdoms
The Roman Empire falls in 476 AD
Following the fall of Rome,
Germanic people started to move in
and overrun lands once occupied
by the Roman Empire.
By 500 AD, the Western Roman
Empire had been replaced by a
number of German kingdoms.
Constant fighting disrupts trade and
government; people abandon cities.
Marks the beginning of the Middle
Ages — period from 500 to 1500
3. The Decline of Learning
As cities are
abandoned, level of
learning declines
Knowledge of Greek
language and culture is
almost completely lost
Introduction of German
language and mixing
with Latin helps
develop different
dialects (Romance
4. Upheaval in Europe
Germanic people
were constantly at
war
Wars continually
change borders
between kingdoms
During this time of
upheaval, the
Church continues to
grow and offers
security
5. The Dark Ages
The Middle Ages are often times referred to as
“the Dark Ages”.
Can you explain why this time period got this
nickname?
6.
7. Kingdom of the Franks
Only one Germanic kingdom proved to be a
lasting one – the kingdom of the Franks.
The kingdom was established by Clovis, a strong
military leader around 500AD.
Clovis was able to unite the Franks as well as
other Germanic tribes into one kingdom.
Clovis was also the first Germanic ruler to convert
to Christianity.
His conversion gained him the support of a small,
yet growing sect, the Roman Catholic Church,
who was eager to have the friendship of a
8. Clovis’ Conversion to
Christianity
What is so important about Clovis converting
to Christianity? Discuss.
Compare this to politicians nowadays.
What did his conversion do for the Catholic
church?
9. Kingdom of the Franks
Clovis had established a kingdom that
stretched from the Pyrenees Mountains in the
southwest, to German lands in the east.
(Modern day France and West Germany.)
10.
11. Charles Martel
During the 600’s and 700’s, the
Frankish kings started to lose
power.
Islam was growing and spreading
throughout the Middle East and
Africa and into Europe.
The Church and Christian kingdoms
became weary of these invaders.
In 732, a man named Charles
Martel rallied Christian warriors to
defeat Muslim armies who were
12. The Carolingians
With his
triumphant victory,
Charles Martel
took steps to
assume the
kingship for
himself and his
family.
This lays the
foundation for a
13. Europe in Turmoil
When Charles Martel, king of the
Frank’s dies, Europe is thrust into
turmoil.
At this time the Franks were
falling back into barbarian ways,
neglecting their education and
religion.
Many people were still pagans.
The Church was also having its
own struggles.
In 771, Martel’s grandson,
14. Charlemagne
Charlemagne was raised
to be a devout Christian.
Charlemagne was
determined to
strengthen his realm and
to bring order to Europe.
His devotion to the
Church became the
driving force in his life.
16. Charlemagne the Warrior
In 772, he launched a military
campaign that would last more
than 30 years and included
more than 50 military
expeditions.
At 6’4, Charlemagne was a tall
and a powerful warrior and
often accompanied and fight
along side his troops during
these campaigns.
Charlemagne was an
ambitious king, aggressive and
ruthless. He had the ability to
17. Charlemagne Brings Order to
Europe
By 800 Charlemagne was the
undisputed ruler of Western Europe.
What had once been unified territory of
the Roman Empire was once again
under a new central authority, that of
Charlemagne.
His vast realm encompassed what are now
France, Switzerland, Belgium, and The
Netherlands and included half of present-day
Italy and Germany, and parts of Austria and
Spain.
By establishing a central government
over Western Europe, Charlemagne
18.
19. Did you know?
Despite his great military
record and being the king
of such as vast territory,
Charlemagne was very
uneducated in his
younger years.
In fact, he was illiterate
and could not read or
write.
This did not stop him, he
tried his best to learn
himself and encouraged
Here, can you read
this?
Looks like Chinese or
something to me…
20. Charlemagne and the Church
Devoutly Christian,
Charlemagne would not only
conquer his territories, he
would convert the people as
well. Sometimes, at the tip of
a sword.
The Church also relied on
Charlemagne for protection
and leadership.
Charlemagne ruled and
protected the Christian
Kingdom, and since the
Church was in Rome, it could
be said that he had the
21. Charlemagne’s Coronation
On Christmas Day in 800, while
Charlemagne knelt in prayer in
Saint Peter's in Rome, Pope Leo
III placed a golden crown on the
bowed head of the king, crowning
him the first Holy Roman
Emperor, the divinely appointed
leader of the earthly Christian
world.
His head was anointed with holy
oil, and the Pope renamed
Charlemagne as Emperor and
Augustus.
Germanic power, the Church,
22. How important is Charlemagne to Europe?
Discuss.
How did he help strengthen his realm?
How did he help the spread of Christianity?
23. Charlemagne’s Legacy
Charlemagne unites western
Europe and spreads
Christianity.
He encourages learning and
orders monasteries to open
schools
Germanic power, Church,
heritage of Roman Empire now
joined together as one
Because of his actions as a
ruler, Charlemagne is
24. Following Charlemagne
Charlemagne dies in
814; his son, Louis,
rules poorly
Charlemagne’s three
grandsons fight for
control of empire
In 843 they divide
empire into three
kingdoms
Europe once again,
becomes unstable.