WATER IS CALLED LIFE. NO WATER NO LIFE. BUT BY THE TIME AMOUNT OF WATER IS SHRINKING. MANY COUNTRY IS SCARCE FOR WATER. WE NEED TO REDUCE OF MISUSE OF WATER.
2. INTRODUCTION
Earth is a watery planet, as nearly 71% of its
surface area is covered with water ( oceans and
seas ). Only 1% is available for consumable usage
that too is not equally distributed at all regions. In
addition to the water in oceans and seas, the
water is held in lakes, ponds, rivers, streams,
marshes etc. and it is also locked in polar ice
caps and glaciers. It is due to this dominance of
water that the earth appears a beautiful blue ball
in stark contrast to the blackness of space. Vast
amounts of water also exist in liquid form
underground and as water vapour in the
atmosphere. All of this water is linked in a
continuous cycle of evaporation, precipitation
and run off termed as the ‘hydrological cycle’.
Through the millennia of the earth’s existence,
the hydrological cycle is being driven by the
sun’s energy and has been recycling the same
water.
Water is synonymous with life. It is the
largest constituent of living organisms, and it is
also a habitat in which life evolved on earth and
exists today.
3. • Water Resources Management is the integrating concept for a number of water sub-sectors
such as hydropower, water supply and sanitation, irrigation and drainage, and environment.
An integrated water resources perspective ensures that social, economic, environmental
and technical dimensions are taken into account in the management and development of
water resources.
• Water management is a scientific, technological, economical, administrative and executive
activity, which aims at optimal phasing of the nature water cycle and the water needs of the
society.
• It can be defined as the implementation of best practices for effective quantitative and
qualitative planning, development, distribution, and utilization of water. Foundation is
conservation, or reducing water use through improved operation of existing equipment and
processes.
WHAT IS WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ?
The water resources management includes:
o The quantitative and qualitative exploration of water resources
o Water needs and inventory records.
o Measurement and matching of the water resources and water needs (demands) in a
special system.
o Decision support depending with light of the results.
5. OBJECTIVES OF
WATER
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
• Equity
• It is necessary for a peaceful society. It is about just
distribution of “goods and services, wealth and income,
or opportunity and disadvantage.” If the resource in
distribution is in abundant supply, equity is not an issue;
if, however, supply is scarce, the question of distributive
equity is an issue.
• Sustainability
• Human development that meets the needs of the
present generation without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
• In order to conserve water to help alleviate
poverty, hunger, malnutrition, and diseases afflicting
billions of people, moral codes, appropriate institutions
and technologies which are established and
implemented in a coherent and integrated fashion, are
increasingly needed to ensure sufficient, adequate and
equitable access to water.
7. WATER
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
• Elements:
The atmosphere, watersheds
(drainage basins), stream channels, wetlands,
floodplains, aquifers, lakes, estuaries, seas, and
the ocean. Examples of nonstructural measures,
which do not require constructed facilities, are
pricing schedules, zoning, incentives, public
relations, regulatory programs, and insurance.
• Multiple Purposes:
Integrated water resources
management considers the viewpoints of water
management agencies with specific purposes,
governmental and stakeholder groups,
geographic regions, and disciplines of
knowledge.
9. Water scarcity can be categorized into economic and physical water scarcity-
Economic
Human, Institutional, and financial capital limit access to water even though water in
nature us available to meet local demands.
Physical
Although physical scarcity of water is challenging to overcome through conservation
and water resource management tools, economic policies can be modified to provide water
to those who face scarcity despite presence of water resources.
o Water Scarcity
Problems That Have Led To the Need for Water Resource Management
Why do we need Water Resource Management?
The world’s resources are finite, and growth that is unmanaged and not sustainable
will lead to increased poverty and decline of the environment. We owe it to future generations
to find paths of development that will effectively balance progress with awareness of its
environmental impact.
11. WATER
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
PROBLEMS
• Physical Problems:
• I) Poorly developed water supply and
wastewater treatment facilities.
• II) Incomplete water monitoring systems.
• Water Pricing Problems:
• I) Lower water prices -> excessive water use
in agriculture
• Organizational Problems:
• I) Integrated Water Resources Management
has not been fully implemented in most of Asia and the
Pacific.
12. INTEGRATED
WATER
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
• There is a compelling case for adopting integrated
water resources management approaches.
• It should be conducted within a national economic
framework as a key element in sustainable economic
development and poverty alleviation.
• Management can provide for:
• Reconciling equity and efficiency in the allocation of
resources, provision of water services, and protection
of the resource base.
• Promoting the use of best practices and appropriate
technologies for managing water demand and supply.
• A credible legal framework for water is vital to
achieving water security.
• It provides a clear system for addressing specific
issues of shared water development and
management and identifying legal rights and
obligations in water use.
14. NEED FOR
WATER LAWS
• A credible legal framework for water is
vital to achieving water security.
• It provides a clear system for addressing
specific issues of shared water
development and management and
identifying legal rights and obligations in
water use.
• Water laws ensure compliance and help
resolve disputes (since transboundary
water issues are a common cause of
conflict).
• Worldwide, there are at least 300
international water agreements, often
among parties at odds. Demonstrates the
potential of shared water resources to
foster trust and promote peace.
15. MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
• Policymakers need to give more attention to demand
management and changing the behavior of people
through incentives, regulations, and education to
reallocate existing supplies to higher-value uses,
promote efficient use through conservation, and
facilitate more equitable access.
• Build awareness at all levels.
• Build capacity including:
a) Strengthening participatory
frameworks.
b)Promoting community ownership and
management.
c) Developing operational monitoring and
evaluation procedures.
• Promote an enabling environment through:
a)Continuously monitoring and evaluating
policy and action plans
b)Declaring a water policy with explicit
recognition of basin and aquifer management
c)Ensuring effective regulation
d)Adopting appropriate instruments for
allocation.
16. MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
Cope with variability and change
including-
a) Structural and non-
structural solutions for flood damage
reduction.
b) Reducing impacts of
flooding on inhabitants of affected areas
c) Developing programs for
drought preparedness.
Promote regional cooperation through:
a) Developing approaches to
international management but building on
a sound national base.
b) Adopting cooperative
strategies.
17. Actions to
Implement
Management
Strategies
Countries need to develop profiles of
current freshwater management,
identifying the factors that impede
progress toward integrated water
resource management. Starting from a
local level, there is a need to:
a) Design appropriate water resource
and environmental management
strategies.
b) Strengthen the capacity of
communities in the management of their
water resources.
• Develop estimates of national water
expenditures and benefits to assist in
setting priorities.
• Adopt technologies for water
conservation, re-use, and improved
efficiency in irrigation.
• Support water monitoring.
18. WATER
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
IN INDIA
In pre-British India water management was essentially a
local matter and was in the hands of the community. This
changed with the arrival of the British period and of modernity.
Control over water resources passed from the hands of the
community into those of the state. While ownership of natural
resources was claimed by the state, management passed into
the hands of engineers and bureaucrats. The induction to
western engineering ushered in the era of large dams and there
was a concomitant decline of traditional forms of small scale,
local, community-managed systems of water harvesting and
management. These new projects became symbols of
development.
Government initiatives for water resource
management are outlined in National Water Policy, 1987,
National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on
Environment and Development, 1992, and Policy Statement for
Abatement Pollution, 1992. The strategy and policy statement
prescribe command and control, technological zoning, fiscal
incentives and use of economic instruments as mechanisms for
of water pollution control. The present approach to control
water pollution in India is to use regularity instruments along
with systems for monitoring the prescribed standards to achieve
the governments policy goals. This standards for ambient and
point source discharges are set by various acts of the
government. Compliance is mandatory and provisions for
penalties are made in the acts. These are monitored by the
central and state pollution control boards. A legal framework
and occasionally fiscal incentive schemes for implementation
and compliance of the standards support the regulatory
approach.
19. WATER
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
IN INDIA
• The Constitution of India provides for the
right to life, which is a fundamental right under
Art. 21 and has been interpreted by the courts
to also include the right to pure air and water.
• Citizens may also fight against
polluted water under s. 277 of the IPC which
deals with fouling water or water bodies. The
causing any Public nuisance, and the power of
the Executive magistrate under sec. 133 of Cr.
P.C is one which would bring seedy relief from
any fouling of the water.
20. Water in India:
Overview
i. India is endowed with a rich and vast diversity
of water resources.
ii. India has seasonal rainfall with high temporal
and spatial variability.
iii. 50% of precipitation falls in just 15 days and
over 90% of river flows in just four months.
iv. Pre twentieth century India had community
level water resource management practices in
place, across regions.
v. India has invested in building its water
infrastructure (dams, reservoirs and canals) in
arid areas.
vi. The per capita water storage capacity in India
is much below that of China and the US.
vii. Indian rivers are in a state of decay.
viii. India’s irrigation and water supply services are
in poor shape.
ix. Urban India heavily depends upon
groundwater sources to meet the daily water
requirements.
x. The total utilizable water resources of India are
assessed as 1086 km^3.
21. Conclusion
• To achieve sustainable water development, water
needs to be available to all at least to meet their basic
demands. Water secure world is a necessity, as
defined by UN – Water, Water security is “ the
capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable
access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality
water for sustaining livelihoods, human well being
and socio-economic development, for ensuring
protection against waterborne pollution and water
related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a
climate peace and political stability.”.
22. Recommendations
Following are some recommendations to help achieve
sustainable water development across the world:
• Countries should include integrated approach of water
management in their developmental projects and agenda’s.
National policies should be made and implemented across the
country. Government’s should increase their efforts of
sustaining natural resources including water through integrated
approaches and learn from their own experiences.
• To overcome the challenges faced by developing nations,
international communities and developed countries can extend
their support in terms of finance and policy making.
International communities can address needs and priorities of
the developing nations to implement integrated approaches.
• Developing countries and other economically weaker countries
should be supported to adopt integrated approaches in water
management mainly in terms of developing infrastructure and
to achieve sustainable developmental goals.
• More efforts should be given to increase finances for water
management. Revenue from water resources and other
ecosystem services should be raised.
• Support with a target is important to improve the institutional
framework for management of water resources, special focus or
emphasis should be given to countries with lower Human
Development Index.
• Countries should have their own targets and timelines to
implement programs and actions for integrated water
management.
23. REFERENCE
• Gautam. A., Advanced Economic Geography, Sharada
Pustak Bhawan.
• Singh. S., Biogeography, Pravalika Publications.
• G. Le. M and Kuffner.U,, Water resources Management
issues in the Humid tropics.
• Louks. P., Beek.E.V., Water Resources Planning and
Management: An Overview, March 2017
• Kasbohm.J., Grothe.S., et al. INTEGRATED WATER
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IWRM) - AN
INTRODUCTION , September 2009.
• http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/
• https://www.wikipedia.org/
