This presentation deals with the recent advancement in the field of ground water sampling and analysis technique and water born survey as well as Indian scenario to interpret.
Groundwater Contamination and preventionMohit Dwivedi
Groundwater is water present below the ground surface that saturates the pore space in the subsurface.
At least 50% of the world population depends on groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Other uses of groundwater includes Irrigation of crops, Industrial uses etc.
Groundwater is a part of natural water cycle therefore, it can spread throughout the cycle and if contaminated, can cause damage to other entities ( Sea life, lakes, human health etc)
Groundwater can be polluted / contaminated as a result of HUMAN activity and Natural conditions.
Contaminations found in the groundwater cover a broad range of physical, chemical (Organic & Inorganic), bacterial and radioactive parameters.
This presentation deals with the recent advancement in the field of ground water sampling and analysis technique and water born survey as well as Indian scenario to interpret.
Groundwater Contamination and preventionMohit Dwivedi
Groundwater is water present below the ground surface that saturates the pore space in the subsurface.
At least 50% of the world population depends on groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Other uses of groundwater includes Irrigation of crops, Industrial uses etc.
Groundwater is a part of natural water cycle therefore, it can spread throughout the cycle and if contaminated, can cause damage to other entities ( Sea life, lakes, human health etc)
Groundwater can be polluted / contaminated as a result of HUMAN activity and Natural conditions.
Contaminations found in the groundwater cover a broad range of physical, chemical (Organic & Inorganic), bacterial and radioactive parameters.
It includes the definition, properties, classification of groundwater with appropriate examples and figures in details. It also deals about the formation of groundwater. The properties of aquifers (all of 7) are described here in details with figures and mathematical terms.
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing rock. Water-bearing rocks are permeable, meaning that they have openings that liquids and gases can pass through. Sedimentary rock such as sandstone, as well as sand and gravel, are examples of water-bearing rock.
Basics of Contaminant Transport in Aquifers (Lecture)Amro Elfeki
This is a basic lecture on contaminant transport in aquifers. It covers various aspects. Types of transport in aquifers. Reactive and non-reactive, governing equations of solute transport. Method of solutions and simulations.
It includes the definition, properties, classification of groundwater with appropriate examples and figures in details. It also deals about the formation of groundwater. The properties of aquifers (all of 7) are described here in details with figures and mathematical terms.
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing rock. Water-bearing rocks are permeable, meaning that they have openings that liquids and gases can pass through. Sedimentary rock such as sandstone, as well as sand and gravel, are examples of water-bearing rock.
Basics of Contaminant Transport in Aquifers (Lecture)Amro Elfeki
This is a basic lecture on contaminant transport in aquifers. It covers various aspects. Types of transport in aquifers. Reactive and non-reactive, governing equations of solute transport. Method of solutions and simulations.
Created by Thea Cybelle Cobrado Janica Candido from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science.
We can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals and people who depend on it remain healthy :) Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem and make our world a better place :D :)
A large amount of water is discharged back after domestic and industrial usage.
Contamination upon reaching beyond certain allowed concentrations is termed pollution and the contaminants are called the pollutants.
If the concentration of substances naturally present in water increases then also the water is said to be polluted.
Water pollution may be defined as the contamination of streams, lakes, seas, underground water, or oceans by substances, which are harmful to living beings.
Ppt comprises the full information about environmental pollution, including water,air, soil and noice pollution with their pollutants and precautions to decrease their harms
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
4. POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER
Defined as the artificially induced degradation
of natural groundwater quality
Pollution can impair the use of water and can
create hazards to public health through toxicity
or the spread of disease
5. In contrast with surface water pollution,
subsurface pollution is difficult to detect
and control, and may persists for
decades.
Efforts are increasing to prevent, reduce
and eliminate water pollution
6. Pollution in relation to
water use
The possible pollutants in groundwater are
virtually limitless
The sources and causes of ground water
pollution are closely associated with human use
of water
7. Ground water contamination scenarios :-
a. Point sources : Storage tanks, landfills,
pipeline releases etc.
b. Nonpoint sources: Agricultural activities
Contamination originates from the disposal of
groundwater following its use for a wide variety of
purposes
8.
9. SOURCES AND CAUSES OF
POLLUTION
All sources and causes of pollution can be classified
as to their geometry
a. Point sources : Originates from a single location
b. Line sources : Predominantly linear arrangement
c. Diffuse sources : Occupies an extensive area
10. Principal sources and causes of pollution with
regard to their occurrence:-
a. Municipal sources and causes
b. Industrial sources and causes
c. Agricultural sources and causes
d. Miscellaneous sources and causes
11. 1. Municipal sources and causes
a) Sewer leakage
Sources: Poor workmanship, defective sewer
pipe, breakage by tree roots, ruptures from
heavy loads, earthquakes, loss of foundation
support etc.
Results: Introduce high concentrations of
BOD,COD, nitrate, organic chemicals, bacteria
and heavy metals into groundwater
12. b) Liquid wastes
Sources: Domestic wastes, Disposal wells
industries, storm, runoff etc.
Results: Introduce bacteria, viruses, trace
elements and heavy metals, inorganic and
organic chemicals etc.
13. c) Solid wastes
Sources: Landfills
Results:
Leachate from landfills can pollute groundwater
Leachate include iron manganese, nitrate, trace
elements etc.
14. 2. Industrial sources and causes
a) Liquid wastes
Sources: Industrial waste water discharged into
pits, ponds, lagoons etc.
Results: Introduction of hazardous and toxic
industrial wastes into the groundwater
15. b) Tank and pipeline leakage
Sources: Gasoline stations, fuel oil tanks,
petroleum and petroleum products from
industrial pipelines and tanks
Results: Immiscible liquids like oil and petroleum,
liquid radioactive wastes etc. reaches the water
table and pollutes the groundwater
16. c) Mining activities
Sources:-
Coal, phosphate and uranium mines
Stone, sand and gravel quarries
Results: Low pH, increase in iron, aluminium
and sulphate content in the soil
17. d) Oil-field brines
Sources:-
Substantial discharges of wastewater in the
form of brine
Constituents of brine include sodium, calcium,
ammonia, boron, chloride, trace metals and
high total dissolved solids
Results: Groundwater become saline
18. 3. Agricultural sources and causes
a) Irrigation Return Flows
Sources: Irrigation return flow drains to surface
channels or joins the underlying water
Results:-
Increases salinity of groundwater
Increases the amount of bicarbonate, sulphate,
chlorides, nitrates etc. in the groundwater
19. b) Animal wastes
Sources: Wastes from slaughter houses
Results:-
The natural assimilative capacity of the soil
become overtaxed
Salts, organic loads and bacteria are transported
into the soil
Nitrate-nitrogen is the most important persistent
pollutant that may reach the water table
20. c) Fertilizers and Soil Amendments
Sources:
Leachate of phosphate and potassium
fertilizers
Leachate of soil amendments like lime,
gypsum and sulphur
Results: Increases salinity of soil
21. d) Pesticides, insecticides and herbicides
Sources: Leachate of pesticides, insecticides and
herbicides used in agricultural fields
Results: Causes serious consequences in relation
to the portability of water
22. 4. Miscellaneous sources and causes
a) Urbanisation
Groundwater pollution can occur both in rural
as well as urban areas and is affected by
differences in chemical composition, biological
and chemical reactions, density and distance
from discharge areas
23. b) Spills and Surface Discharges
Causal activities includes leaks from pipes and
valves, uncontrolled waste disposal, intermittent
dumping of fluids on ground, flushing hazardous
and flammable liquids into water etc.
Washing aircraft with solvents and spills of fuel at
airports can form a layer of hydrocarbons floating
on the water table.
24. c) Stockpiles
Solid materials are frequently stockpiled
near industrial plants, construction site etc.
Precipitation falling on unsheltered stockpiles
causes leaching of heavy metals, salts and other
pollutants into the groundwater
25. d) Septic tanks and Cesspools
Septic tank: A watertight basin intended
to decompose the domestic sewage and to
discharge this into the biologically active zone
of the soil mantle through a subsurface
percolation system
Cesspools: large buried chamber with porous walls
designed to receive and percolate raw sewage
26. e) Roadway de-icing
Results from the application of de-icing salts to
streets and highways in winter
Sodium chloride and calcium chloride are
generally used
Salt reaches the groundwater in solution after
spreading on roadways and also from stockpiles
27. g) Interchange through wells
Because wells form highly permeable vertical
connections between aquifers, they can serve as
avenues for groundwater pollution where
inadequate attention is given to the proper
construction, sealing or abandonment of wells
28. f) Saline water intrusion
Salt water may invade freshwater aquifers to
create point or diffuse pollution sources
Polluted surface water bodies that contribute to
groundwater recharge become sources of
groundwater pollution
g) Surface water
29. Attenuation of pollution
Pollutants in groundwater tend to be
removed or reduced in concentration with
time and with distance travelled
The rate of pollution attenuation depends on
the type of pollutant and on the local hydro
geologic situation
31. conclusion
The principal sources and causes of groundwater
pollution can be categorized- municipal, industrial,
agricultural and miscellaneous
With the growing recognition of the importance of
underground water resources, efforts are increasing
to prevent, reduce and eliminate groundwater
pollution.