briefly explanation of integrated water management its objectives, principles, implementations etc

1. Integrated Water
Resources
Management
(IWRM)

2. Integrated Water Resources
Management
 Integrated water resources management is the practice of making
decisions and taking actions while considering multiple viewpoints of how
water should be managed.
 These decisions and actions relate to situations such as:
 river basin planning,
 organization of task forces,
 planning of new capital facilities,
 controlling reservoir releases,
 regulating floodplains,
 and developing new laws and regulations.

3.  The need for multiple viewpoints is caused by competition for water and
by complex institutional constraints.
 The decision-making process is often lengthy and involves many
participants.

4.  Between the water resources and water needs (demands) often occur some tensions and
conflicts.
 These problems may be spatial, areal and temporal, endemic or general either.
 These problems drew attention to the importance of water resource management.
 We have to define the concept of water resources management.
 The water resources management is the sum of the activities aimed the coordination of the
naturally occurring water resources and of social water needs (demands).
 With coordination we can create a well- functioning balance between water resources and
water needs.

5.  Water management is a scientific, technological, economical, administrative
and executive activity, which aims at optimal phasing of the nature water cycle
and the water needs of the society
 Water resources management is the part of the water management system,
which contents all activities of quantitative and qualitative, temporal and
spatial phasing of the water resources and water needs of the water users

6. Objectives
 To provide an introduction on key principles and themes of Integrated
Water Resources Management (IWRM).
 To show IWRM’s key linkages to development and to addressing poverty
reduction, water and health, and water and food .
 To enable application of IWRM principles for awareness raising and
capacity building in advising decision makers.

9. Principles
 IWRM is based on the three principles:
 social equity,
 economic efficiency
 and environmental sustainability.
 Considering these principles means answering the following questions:
- How will my decision/ action affect access for other users to water or the
benefits from its use?
- Will my decision/ action result in the ‘most efficient use of the available
financial & water resources?
- How will my decision/ action affect the functioning of natural systems?

10. Social Equity
 Social equity means ensuring equal access for all users (particularly
marginalised and poorer user groups) to an adequate quantity and quality
of water necessary to sustain human well being.
 The right of all users to the benefits gained from the use of water also
needs to be considered when making water allocations.
 Benefits may include enjoyment of resources through recreational use or
the financial benefits generated from the use of water for economic
purposes

11. Economic Efficiency
 Economic Efficiency means bringing the greatest benefit to the greatest
number of users possible with the available financial and water resources.
This requires that the most economically efficient option is selected. The
economic value is not only about price – it should consider current and
future social and environmental costs and benefits.

12. Ecological Sustainability
 Ecological Sustainability requires that aquatic ecosystems are
acknowledged as users and that adequate allocation is made to sustain
their natural functioning. Achieving this criterion also requires that land
uses and developments that negatively impact these systems are avoided
or limited

15. Implementation
 IWRM aims to create sustainable water security within the present constraints and to improve the
conditions in the catchment basin. Some important conditions for implementing IWRM are
presented below.
1. Political Will and Commitment
2. Basin Management Plan and clear vision
3. Participation and coordination mechanisms, fostering information-sharing and exchange
4. Capacity Development
5. Well-defined flexible and enforceable legal frameworks and regulation
6. Water allocation Plans
7. Adequate investment, financial stability and sustainable cost recovery
8. Good knowledge of the natural resources present in the basin
9. Comprehensive monitoring and evaluation

16. 1.Political will and commitment
 Political will at all levels can help unite all stakeholders and move the process forward.
 It is especially needed if the resulting plan or arrangement would create or require changes
in legal and institutional structures, or if controversies and conflicts among stakeholders
exist.
 Access to actors outside the water box is essential to move political will, gain sectoral
support and ease public pressure for IWRM implementation.

17. 2.Basin management plan and clear
vision
 Water resources development coordinated among various sectors and users is
facilitated by the preparation of a master plan that reflects the individual sector
plans and offers the most effective and efficient utilization of the resource.

18. 3.Participation and coordination mechanisms,
fostering information-sharing and exchange
 The identification of key stakeholders can be facilitated through interviews
and meetings.
 Stakeholder involvement can be defined appropriately for local conditions
and improved gradually.
 Initial sharing of general basin-wide data and information, and further
sharing of more specific information, will assist the self-sustaining system.

19. 4.Capacity development
 Capacity development and training priorities should be expressed at all
levels, including that of decentralized local government. Participants who
may be adversely impacted and/or socially marginalized may be
stimulated to participate within a consensus-building strategy

20. 5. Well-defined flexible and enforceable
legal frameworks and regulation
 It is necessary to assemble and review the full range of existing laws and
regulations that
apply to water-related activities and determine how existing legislation
adapts or can be better adapted to accommodate sustainability and
integration with regard towater resources management.

21. 6. Water allocation plans
 As water is a shared resource, water rights should be flexible in terms of
allocation in order to accommodate changes.
 Preparing a master plan that reflects individual sector plans facilitates the
coordination among various sectors and advocates the most appropriate
utilization of a basin’s resource.

22. 7.Adequate investment, financial stability
and sustainable cost recovery
 Coordination for IWRM implementation needs financial sustainability –
such as the promotion of cost recovery – and must consider long-term
management.
 Various combinations and roles of international financing and donors
such as government grants, public resources, user charges and taxes,
donor funds, basin environmental trust funds can be considered as
funding options.

23. 8.Good knowledge of the natural
resources present in the basin
 Adequate knowledge and information on the water resources inventory
and human resources of the basin is desirable. Including scientists as
water resource managers can help maintain and accrue sound
knowledge of the natural resources.

24. 9. Comprehensive monitoring and
evaluation
 Monitoring and evaluation are essential for ensuring that the current
management of water resources is properly implemented, and to
identify the needs for adjusting management strategies.
 Upgrading new technologies is vital for effective performance both of
local and central water management.

25. Components and Viewpoints
Integrated water resources management begins with the term "water resources
management" itself, which uses structural measures and nonstructural measures to
control natural and human-made water resources systems for beneficial uses.
Water-control facilities and environmental elements work together in water resources
systems to achieve water management purposes

26.  Integrated water resources management considers viewpoints of:
 human groups,
 factors of the human environment,
 aspects of natural water systems.

27.  Structural components used in human-made systems control water flow
and quality and include conveyance systems (channels, canals, and pipes),
diversion structures, dams and storage facilities, treatment plants, pumping
stations and hydroelectric plants, wells, and appurtenances.

28.  Elements of natural water resources systems include the:
 atmosphere,
 watersheds (drainage basins),
 stream channels,
 wetlands,
 floodplains,
 aquifers,
 lakes,
 estuaries,
 seas,
 and the ocean.

29.  Examples of nonstructural measures, which do not require constructed
facilities, are :
 pricing schedules,
 zoning,
 incentives,
 public relations,
 regulatory programs,
 and insurance

30. Multiple Purposes Integrated Water
Resource Management
 Integrated water resources management considers the viewpoints
of :
 water management agencies with specific purposes,
 governmental
 and stakeholder groups,
 geographic regions,
 and disciplines of knowledge

31.  These viewpoints have been described in a variety of ways. For example,
Mitchell (1990) wrote that integrated water management considers three
aspects:
 dimensions of water (surface water and groundwater, and quantity and
quality);
 interactions with land and environment;
 and interrelationships with social and economic development.

32.  White (1969) wrote about the "multiple purposes" and "multiple means"
of water management, and predicted that integration would create some
confusion because it defies neat administrative organization.

33.  In general, water agencies deal with water supply, wastewater and water quality
services, stormwater and flood control, hydropower, navigation, recreation, and
water for the environment, fish, and wildlife.
 As the practice of water resources management evolved, the term
"multipurpose" (or "multiobjective") water resources development (or
management) came to refer to projects with more than one purpose.
 Later, the term "comprehensive" water planning and management came into
use to describe management practice that considers different viewpoints.

34. Challenges to Water Management
Integration
 The term "functional integration" means to join purposes of water
management such as to manage water supply and wastewater within a
single unit.
 Protecting aquatic habitat for natural and ecological systems while
managing for flood control is another example.
 Still another term is "conjunctive use," which usually refers to the joint
management of surface water and groundwater.

35.  The challenges are:
 Governmental and Interest Groups
 Geographic Regions
 Interdisciplinary Perspectives
 Coordination and Cooperation
 Total Water Management

36. Governmental and Interest Groups
 Accommodating the views of governments and special interest groups is a
challenge in integration because they have different perspectives.
Intergovernmental relationships between government agencies at the same
level include :
 regional,
 state-to-state,
 and interagency issues.
 Relationships between different levels of government include, for example,
 state– federal
 and local–state interactions.

37.  Special interest groups range from those favoring development of resources
to those favoring preservation.
 In many cases, conflicts arise between the same types of interest groups, as,
for example, between fly fishers and rafters on a stream

38. Geographic Regions
 The views of stakeholders in different locations must be balanced,
introducing a geographic dimension of integration.
 Examples include issues between
 upstream and downstream stakeholders,
 stakeholders in the same region,
 and views of stakeholders in a basin of origin versus those in a receiving
basin.

39.  Another aspect of geographic integration is the scale of water-accounting
units, such as:
 small watershed,
 major river basin,
 region,
 or state,
 even up to global scale

40. Interdisciplinary Perspectives
 The complexity of integrated water resources management requires
knowledge and wisdom from different areas of knowledge, or disciplines.
 Blending knowledge from engineering, law, finance, economics, politics,
history, sociology, psychology, life science, mathematics, and other fields can
bring valuable knowledge about the possibilities and consequences of
decisions and actions.
 For example, engineering knowledge might focus on physical infrastructure
systems, whereas sociology or psychology might focus on human impacts

41. Coordination and Cooperation
 Coordination is an important tool of integration because the arena of
water management sometimes involves conflicting objectives.
 Coordinating mechanisms can be formal, such as intergovernmental
agreements, or informal, such as local watershed groups meeting
voluntarily.

42. Cooperation
 Cooperation is also a key element in integration, whether by formal or
by informal means.
 Cooperation can be any form of working together to manage water,
such as in cooperative water management actions on a regional scale,
often known as "regionalization.“
 Examples of regionalization include a regional management authority,
consolidation of systems, a central system acting as water wholesaler,
joint financing of facilities, coordination of service areas, interconnections
for emergencies, and sharing of personnel, equipment, or services.

43. Total Water Management
 Integrated water resources management can take different forms and is
examined best in specific situations.
 In the water-supply field, the term "integrated resource planning" has come
into use to express concepts of integration in supply development. Perhaps
the most comprehensive concept for water supply is "Total Water
Management.”
 According to a 1996 report of the American Water Works Research
Foundation, Total Water Management is the exercise of stewardship of water
resources for the greatest good of society and the environment.
 A basic principle of Total Water Management is that the supply is renewable,
but limited, and should be managed on a sustainable-use basis.

44.  Taking into consideration local and regional variations, Total Water
Management:
 Encourages planning and management on a natural water systems basis
through a dynamic process that adapts to changing conditions;
 Balances competing uses of water through efficient allocation that addresses
social values, cost effectiveness, and environmental benefits and costs