Use for engineering

1. WATERSHED
Nobal Fredrick J
2022048030

2. WATERSHED
 A WATERSHED can be defined as a geo-
hydrological unit that drains to a common point by a
system of drains. All lands on earth are a part of
one watershed or another.
 The words watershed ,catchment ,basin, drainage
area, are synonymous , and in Indian
usage, pertain to an area and not a line.
 The terms micro, mini, sub-watershed or any other
variation of the terms indicate hierarchical division
of the watershed of a stream, river or a drainage
line.

3. IMPORTANCE OF WATERSHEDS
 Watersheds sustain life, in more ways than one.
 According to the Environmental Protection
Agency, more than $450 billion in
foods, fibre, manufactured goods and tourism
depend on clean, healthy watersheds.
 Healthy watersheds are also important for the very
sustenance of human life

4. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
 Watershed management is defined as the process
of formulating and carrying out course of action
involving manipulation of natural, agricultural and
human resources of a watershed to provide
resources that are desired by and are suitable to
the watershed community
 The watershed management and exploitation
should not have any adverse effects on soil and
water resources
 It is an integrated and multidisciplinary approach.

5. OBJECTIVES OF
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
 Protecting, conserving and improving the land
resources for efficient and sustained production.
 Protecting and enhancing water
resources, moderating floods, reducing silting up of
tanks/reserviors, increasing irrigation and
conserving rainwater for crops and thus mitigating
droughts
 Utilizing the natural local resources for improving
agriculture and allied occupation of industries so as
to improve socio-economic conditions of local
residents.

6. PERSPECTIVES OF WATERSHED
DEVELOPMENT
 HYDROLOGICALASPECTS
 ENVIRONMENTALASPECTS
 SOCIO-ECONOMICASPECTS
 FINANCIALASPECTS
 ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICALASPECTS

7. flYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS
 Hydrological behaviour of watershed is influenced
by watershed conditions.
 The watershed treatment and management
practices alter the slope and roughness
characteristics of the watershed management and
tend to reduce the surface flow and the peak flow
 The management practices also reduce the rate
and quantity of the sediment erosion and their
transportation resulting in lower delivery of
sediments into the reservoir
 These measure effects flood control, soil moisture
conservation and land use.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
 Development applied locally for developing green
foliage, enriches environment globally in due
course of time.
 The local measure of micro-scale watershed
development would have cumulative effect on
environment when considered on a large basin or a
global scale
 Reduced onsite erosion and enhance in a well
managed watershed also improve the natural
ecosystem

9. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
 In achieving the true objective of watershed
management, the viewpoint of individuals and
communities, who live in the watershed should be
considered.
 The socio-economic factors also determine the
motivation of farmers to make necessary
investment of labour and capital in watershed
development.

10. FINANCIAL ASPECTS
 The projects can either be fully funded by
government or NGOs or in case of the development
the participating families may be required to
contribute a predefined percentage of cost for
individual works and for community work.
 The unit cost for watershed development normally
range from Rs. 4500 to Rs. 6000 per hectare
depending on nature and location of the watershed.

11. APPROACH FOR WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT AND
DEVELOPMENT
 People’s participation is the key to watershed
development programmes.
 While the main development activities have to be carried
out by the watershed community itself, the overall
facilitation, coordination and supervision of the whole
programme will be responsibility of a PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA).
 The whole setup for the watershed management follows
a hierarchical approach.

12. ORGANISATIONAL SETUP
District Watershed Development
Advisory Committee
Project Implementation Agency
Watershed Development
Team
Watershed Development
Community
Village Development
committee

13. STEPS FOR PREPARATION OF
INTEGRATED WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT PLAN
Preparation of watershed development plan includes two
main steps:
1. Identification of watershed problems and setting up of
objectives and priorities based on various surveys of
watershed.
2. Formulation of proposed development and
management plan.

14. GEOLOGICALASPECTS OF
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND
DEVELOPMENT
GEOLOGI
-CAL
ASPECTS
NATURAL
RESOURC
ES
SOIL
WATER
NATURAL
HAZARDS
EARTHQUAKES
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES

15. T
HANKY
O
U