This document discusses watershed management. It begins with defining a watershed as an area that collects and drains runoff through a common outlet. The objectives of watershed development are then outlined, such as increasing incomes and agricultural productivity. Principles of watershed development emphasize utilizing land according to its capabilities and establishing vegetative cover to conserve water. Steps in watershed management include identification, analysis, design, implementation and evaluation. Criteria for selecting projects and features of effective projects are also summarized.

1. BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
RGSC, BHU, Barkachha
PRESENTATION TOPIC ON – WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Course Title- Environment studies and disaster
management
Course Code- PPH-211
Submitted To,
Dr. Ankita Singh
Department of Plant
physiology
Submitted By,
Vishal Meena
B.Sc Ag (Hons.)
ID. No. 21230AGC058

2. INDEX
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Principles Of Watershed Development
 Types of watershed
 Steps in Watershed Management
 Criteria for selection of watershed project
 Distinct Features Of The Project
 Administrative Structure
 Special Focus Ahead On Watershed Development
 Watershed Development Plans And Activities
 Introduction Of Watershed Planning
 Need Of Watershed Planning
 Steps In The Watershed Planning Process
 Conclusion
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
 A Watershed is defined as any spatial area from which runoff
from precipitation is collected and drained through a common
point or outlet.
 Watershed is also defined as unit of area, which covers all the
land , which contributes runoff to a common point. It is
synonymous with a drainage basin or catchment area. The basic
unit of development is a watershed, which is a manageable
hydrological unit.

4. Objectives
 Increasing house hold income
 Improving agriculture productivity
 Improving vegetative cover
 Increasing milk and horticulture production.
 Increasing fodder and fuel availability.
 Reducing soil erosion & runoff to improve water availability.
 Enhancing quality and life of village communities.
 Ensuring institutional support by watershed development as
facilitator and by NGOs for community organization and
strengthening.

5. Principles Of Watershed development
 Utilizing the land according to its capability
 Establishing adequate vegetative cover
 Conserving as much rain water as possible in situ
 Draining-out surplus water and divert it to storage ponds
 Avoiding gully formation through suitable checks to minimize soil erosion
and enhance ground water recharge
 Maximize productivity per unit area per unit time and per unit water
 Increasing cropping intensity-intercropping and sequence cropping

6. Cont.
 Better utilization of marginal lands
 Ensuring sustainability of the ecosystem
 Maximizing the combined income
 Generating off-season employment
 Minimizing the risk from aberrant weather
 Processing and value addition of the farm produce
 Developing and improving infra-structure, storage ,transport and
marketing

7. TYPES OF
WATERSHED
MINI
1-100 ha.
MICRO
100-
1000 ha.
MILLI
1000-
10000
ha.
SUB
WATER
SHED
10000-
50000
ha.
MACRO
>50000
ha.

8. STEPS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
 Identification and selection of watershed.
 Description of Watershed.
 Analysis of problem and identification of available solutions.
 Designing the technology components.
 Preparation of base maps of watershed.
 Cost benefits analysis.
 Monitoring and evaluation.
 Organizing requirement.

9. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF
WATERSHED PROJECT
 that has already been developed/treated. Acuteness of drinking
water scarcity
 Extent of over exploitation of ground water.
 Preponderance of watershed/ degraded lands
 Contiguity to another watershed
 Proportion of scheduled castes/scheduled tribes.
 Area of the project should be covered under assured irrigation.
 Productivity potential of the land.

10. DISTINCT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
 Peoples participation as a focus of the entire project
 NGO’s involvement at all levels
 Adopting area group approach
 Cost sharing by the community to enhance ownership & respect
towards people choices
 Use of Agriculture & Water resources action plans developed
through remote sensing to complement peoples plan.
 Involvement of various resources agencies for provision of
specialized inputs.

11. Cont.
 Monitoring & Evolution is inbuilt within the project
implementation structure & process.
 Effective accountability & transparency by adopting appropriate
financial management system at all levels
 Adopting ESA (Environment & Social Impact Assessment)
 Involvement of PRL’s (Panchayat Raj Institution)

12. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
State level
• Governing body
• Administrative,
• Financial & HR cells
• Multi disciplinary Team
– GIS, MIS,
Livelihoods, Capacity
Building , Monitoring
&Evaluation &
Institution Building.
District level
• DWDU
• DLCCC( District
Level Coordination&
Collaboration
Committee)
• Administrative< GIS
• & Financial Cells
• Multi-Disciplinary
Team- Agriculture
Engineer, Community
Mobilizer
• Financial, Data- Cum-
GIS Cells
Project level
• Project Implementing
Agency
• Watershed Development
Team- Agriculture,
Engineer, Community,
Mobilizer
• Financial, Data- cum-
GIS Cells.
Village Level
• Village Watershed
Committee
• Executive Committee
• Self Help Groups.
• Users Group


13. Special Focus Ahead ON Watershed Development
 Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)
 Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM)
 Farming System Approach(FSA)
 Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture(LEISA)
 Alternate land use system viz. Agro-Forestry, Agri-Horticulture,
Silvi-Pasture, Horti-Silvi-Pasture, etc.
 Animal Husbandry, Backyard Poultry and Agriculture.
 Restore or develop gomala/Gokatte/ topu/devara kadu

14. Cont.
 Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK )
 Post- harvest Processing and Value Addition
 Agri-Clinic and Agri- business management

15. WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PLANS AND
ACTIVITIES

16. INTRODUCTION OF WATERSHED
PLANNING
 The goal of the Watershed planning is to introduce a flexible
framework for watershed planning and point out key factors that
help make planning successful.
 Watershed Treatment /Development Plan should be prepared for
all the arable and non-arable land including degraded forest
lands, government and community lands and private lands.
Emphasis should be on low-cost locally available technology,
simple and easy to operate and maintain works and activities.

17. NEED OF WATERSHED PLANNING
 Careful watershed planning does more than just protect the water
and the plants and animals that actually live in the water.
 It can help protect the physical, chemical, and biological
components of your watershed, or restore those that have already
been degraded. A watershed provides an integrating context for
solving a multitude of waste and water problems.
 Watershed plans can be used to help attain or maintain water
quality standards to protect the flora and fauna that make up
carefully balanced ecosystems, and to restore ecosystems whose
balance has been disturbed or destroyed.

18. STEPS IN THE WATERSHED PLANNING
PROCESS
Build
Partnerships Characterize
your watershed
Finalize goals
and identify
solutions
Design an
implementation
program
Implement the
watershed plan
Measure
progress and
make
adjustments

19. THE NINE ELEMENTS OF WATERSHED PLANNING
• Identify causes and sources of pollution that need to be controlled
Element ‘a’
• Determine load reductions needed
Element ‘b’
• Develop management measures to achieve goals
Element ‘c’
• Identify technical and financial assistance needed to implement plan
Element ‘d’
• Develop information/ Education component
Element ‘e’
• Develop monitoring component
Element ‘f’
• Develop criteria to measure progress towards meeting watershed goals
Element ‘g’
• Develop interim milestones to track implementation of management
measures
Element ‘h’
• Develop implementation schedule
Element ‘i’

21. ACTIVITIES
OF
WATERSSHE
D PROJECT
Community
development
programme
Soil
Conservatio
n
Construction
of Farm
ponds
Afforestrati
on
Dryland
Horticulture
Constructio
n of Bunds
Fodder
production for
Animal
Husbandry
Development of
Animal
Husbandry
Construction of
loose border
checks
Income
generating
activities for
rural poor
Construction of
Nala bunds
Open Well
Recharge
Inter
cropping
Borewell
Recharge

22. PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR THE WATERSHED
Phase Name Duration
I Preparatory phase 1-2 years
II Watershed Works Phase 2-3 years
III Consolidation and Withdrawal phase 1-2 years

23. CONCLUSION
 Use of Land ,Water and Vegetation according to
its capability we can change in knowledge, skills,
attitude for enhancing resources use efficiency
and ecological conditions.
 Awareness of public about water resources.

24. REFERENCE
 https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper3/watershed-management
 https://www.slideshare.net/sreenivasReddy131/watershed-development-in-
india
 D.K DAS, INTRODUCTION OF SOIL SCIENCE
 Vishwas Mukherji, Textbook of soil science