containing the government projects currently running for water management and information and need for future research

1. NEED FOR WATER
MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED TO - SUBMITTED BY- SHIVANI MISHRA
Dr D. R MODI (HOD) DBT, BBAU LUCKNOW SUBJECT-MBT-301 ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
COURSE-MSc BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER-FOURTH
BBAU LUCKNOW

2. INTRODUCTION:WATER RESOURCE
MANANGEMENT
• Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing,
distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. It is a sub-set
of water cycle management.
• With the growing uncertainties of global climate change and the long term
impacts of management actions,the decision-making will be even more
difficult.

4. Why Do We Need Water Resource
Management?
• Water resource management is a very important issue from several angles such as
development of water bodies for future, protection of available water bodies
from pollution and over exploitation and to prevent disputes.
• A paramount issue is water-its availability, quality and management. Extensive
hydrological information is necessary to develop water resources and protect them.
• Groundwater is a highly useful and often abundant resource. However, over-use, or
overdraft, causes major problems to end users and to the environment. The most
evident problem is a lowering of the water table.

6. Government Initiatives: Ministry of Jal
Shakti
• National Mission for Clean Ganga
• Rejuvenating Ganga
• Ganga River Basin Environment Management Plan:With proliferation
and diversification of human activities, the resulting environmental
degradation has greatly increased in recent decades. The Ganga River Basin
Environment Management Plan (GRBEMP) seeks ways and means to
strengthen the basin environment against the identifiable adverse impacts.
• Interlinking Rivers

7. 1.Namami Gange Programme
• This includes some global aspects:
• Afforestation
• Public Awareness
• Industrial Effluent Monitoring
• Ganga Gram
• Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure
• River-Front Development
• River-Surface Cleaning
• Bio-Diversity

8. 2.GANGA REJUVENATION
• The mission of this programme is to ensure greater
equity in the distribution of water by enhancing the
availability of water in drought prone and rain-fed
area.
• The overall implementation of Interlinking of Rivers
programme under National Perspective Plan would
give benefits of 35 million hectares of irrigation,
raising the ultimate irrigation potential from 140
million hectare to 175 million hectare and generation
of 34000 megawatt of hydropower, apart from the
incidental benefits of flood control, water supply,
fisheries, salinity and pollution control etc.

9. 3-Ganga River Basin Environment
Management Plan(GRBEMP)
• Overview: National River Ganga, along with her many tributaries, has been the source of
physical and spiritual sustenance of Indian civilization for millennia, and consequently, her
well-being is of prime national concern.
• The physical environment of the National River Ganga Basin (NRGB) is governed by a
complex combination of natural and manmade processes. With proliferation and
diversification of human activities, the resulting environmental degradation has greatly
increased in recent decades.
• About Ganga River Basin Environment Management Plan (GRBEMP), it may be noted
here that, since the aquatic systems of NRGB – consisting mainly of rivers/ streams,
groundwater and water bodies – are hydraulically connected by groundwater flow in much
of the basin (besides other hydrological and ecological connections) the GRBEMP adopts
the Ganga river system as the primary environmental indicator of NRGB.

10. Factors Affecting NRGB
• Anthropogenic Factors: Uncontrolled anthropogenic activities are a major cause
of NRGB’s environmental degradation in recent times. The degradations may be
grouped under five main heads:
• (i) over-withdrawal of fresh water from the basin;
• (ii) discharge of pollutants into the aquatic environment;
• (iii) reduction in water-holding capacities and replenishment rates into water bodies,
aquifers and ecosystems;
• (iv) changes in geological factors governing aquatic systems.
• The major human activities affecting the aquatic environment of NRGB in modern
times may also be grouped under major heads as follows: Industrialization,
Urbanization, Lifestyle Changes, Agricultural and Other Rural Activities, and
Deforestation/Denudation.

11. • The wholesomeness of the river may be grasped in terms of four defining
concepts:
• Mission Aviral Dhara” (or “Continuous Flow”),
• Mission “Nirmal Dhara” (or “Unpolluted Flow”),
• Mission Ecological Restoration:, Mission Disaster Management,
• Mission Sustainable Agriculture,
• Mission Environmental Knowledge-Building and Sensitization.

12. 4-INTERLINKING OF RIVERS
Achievements of Interlinking of Rivers (ILR) Programme-
Interlinking of River (ILR) programme is of national importance and has been taken up on high Priority.
Hon’ble Minister for Water Resources, RD & GR is monitoring the progress of ILR from time to time.
The mission of this programme is to ensure greater equity in the distribution of water by enhancing the
availability of water in drought prone and rain-fed area.Under the National Perspective Plan (NPP)
prepared by Ministry of Water Resources, NWDA has already identified 14 links under Himalayan
Rivers Component and 16 links under Peninsular Rivers Component for inter basin transfer of
water based on field surveys and investigation and detailed studies.
Benefit from Interlinking of Rivers (Inter basin water transfer)
• The overall implementation of Interlinking of Rivers programme under National
Perspective Plan would give benefits of 35 million hectares of irrigation, raising the ultimate
irrigation potential from 140 million hectare to 175 million hectare and generation of 34000
megawatt of hydropower, apart from the incidental benefits of flood control, navigation,
water supply, fisheries, salinity and pollution control etc.

13. Groundwater resources management
• The drinking water demand is increasing mainly due to
population growth. More water is also needed to meet the
requirements of the agriculture and industry sectors.
Simultaneously, the available drinking water resources are
globally declining because of overexploitation and pollution.
• A successful groundwater management requires precise
information on groundwater quantity and quality, its
renewability and the hydrogeological structure of the
underground.
• Based on this data, utilization concepts are developed that
also consider ecological and socio-economic aspects.
• The feasibility of these concepts is tested in model
experiments that allow the analysis of the present conditions
of a groundwater system as well as its possible temporal
developmentModelling results are the design parameters
utilized in the preparation of water management plans which
are used by national and multinational decision-makers and
organizations like federal ministries and authorities,
geological surveys and water management authorities.

15. National Groundwater Management Improvement
Program (NGMIP)
The development objective of Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABHY) - National Groundwater Management
Improvement Program for India is to improve the management of groundwater resources in selected states.
The activities under the program are mapped to the two results areas. Activities under Results Area 1 will focus
on : (a) introducing bottom‐up planning of groundwater interventions through community‐led Water
Security Plan (WSPs); (b) improving government spending through the planning process; and (c)
implementing participatory groundwater management, including both supply and demand side
measures.
Atal Bhujal Yojana-
The scheme, also known as 'Atal Jal', will promote panchayat-led ground water management and behavioural
change with primary focus on demand-side management.
The scheme is aimed at contributing towards the goal of doubling farmers' incomes, promoting participatory
ground water management, improving water use efficiency on a mass scale, improving cropping pattern and
promoting efficient and equitable use of ground water resources and behavioural change at the community level.

16. Atal Bhujal Yojana has two major components-
• One is institutional strengthening and capacity building management
in the states including improving monitoring networks, capacity
building, strengthening of water user associations
• The second component is incentivising the states for achievements
in improved groundwater management practices namely data
dissemination, preparation of watersecurity plans, implementation
of management interventions through convergence of ongoing
schemes, adopting demand side management practices.
Fifteen states account for about 90 per cent of the groundwater
potential in the country. Uttar Pradesh accounts for 16.2 per cent,
followed by Madhya Pradesh (8.4%), Maharashtra (7.3%), Bihar
(7.3%), West Bengal (6.8%), Assam (6.6%), Punjab (5.5%) and
Gujarat (5.2%).
The focus will be on arresting the rate of decline of groundwater levels
as well as water consumption.
The scheme will seek to strengthen the institutional framework and
bring about behavioural changes at community level for sustainable
groundwater resource management.
It envisages community-led Water Security Plans.

18. Water Management Importance
• Water Management is important since it helps determine future Irrigation expectations.
Water management is the management of water resources under set policies and regulations.
Water, once an abundant natural resource, is becoming a more valuable commodity due to
droughts and overuse.
• Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and
managing the optimum use of water resources. It is a sub-set of water cycle management.
Ideally, water resource management planning has regard to all the competing demands for
water and seeks to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demands.
• Of the water resources on Earth only three percent of it is fresh and two-thirds of the
freshwater is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. Of the remaining one percent, a fifth is in
remote, inaccessible areas and much seasonal rainfall in monsoonal deluges and floods
cannot easily be used.
• The mission of the Water Management uses provides a forum for publishing new
findings on Engineering principles and technology. Currently our primary research
objective is to encourage and assist the development of better and faster measures of
Engineering activity.

19. Research Needs and Directions
• We have the knowledge, the technology, and the economic resources to
manage our water resources much more efficiently and effectively than we do
today. Scientific research through systematic study of the structure and
behavior of the physical and natural world is continuously adding to our
knowledge and tools.
• Opinion surveys indicate a widespread worry in countries, e.g., the member
states of the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and
Development [Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and
Development (OECD), 2011], about climate change and its likely effects

20. List Of Technological Trends And Advances
Cybernetics, artificial intelligence and instantaneous information technology (smarter internet)
•Nanotechnology
•Cost‐effective energy technology (solar, space‐based energy, algae as fuel)
•Biotechnology (genetic engineering) to help feed the populace and save endangered species
•Space‐based environmental monitoring systems and instantaneous feedback to predictive models
even to remote areas of the globe
•Geoengineering to reverse global warming (e.g., giant reflectors in orbit; greening deserts; iron
fertilization of the sea; aerosols in the stratosphere)
•Effective, reliable prediction of most weather and climate events
•Renewable energy replacing fossil fuel entirely – low carbon societies
•Desalinization (in conjunction with cheap fusion energy) becoming cost‐effective and providing water
for most large coastal urban areas and megacities
•Vastly improved sanitation and wastewater treatment technologies and recycling
•Biotech approaches to pest control for improved agricultural yields
•Ecological engineering to preserve habitats, reverse species extinctions and combat invasive species
•Mapping groundwater resources and sustainable extraction levels

21. Addressing Water Management Constraints to Achieve
Prosperity
• Within a couple decades, water scarcity may affect about two thirds of the world's
population. In many countries there is still a tendency to deal with water scarcity problems
by augmenting the water supply, e.g., by increasing surface and groundwater storage and
allocation through the creation of new infrastructure, desalination of saltwater or brackish
water, reuse of wastewater, or recharging aquifers.
• This tendency has prevailed over focusing on reducing water demand, e.g., by stemming
the losses in transport and distribution systems, implementing adequate tariff systems,
which seek to encourage lower water demand levels, changing water use technologies, and,
generally, increasing the efficiency of water use in domestic, industrial, and irrigation
systems; in other words, seeking to increase overall water productivity.
• By controlling demographic growth, increasing the efficiency of the use of goods that
consume water (in particular food products) in their production processes and supply
chains, promoting appropriate land use planning, or attenuating the effects of climate
change on water through adequate mitigation and adaptation measures.

22. Future Challenges
Research has proved the fact that people are reaching
a point where water will be as expensive as mineral
oil.
• Water management helps in developing efficient irrigation
practices for the betterment of agriculture in the country.
• Proper utilization of water in our homes too can save this
precious resource. Water management teaches us to use a
limited amount of water whenever required. This keeps
every citizen accountable for any wastage that occurs.
• We need to preserve water resources for future
generationsThere are extremes in the climate and it is the
misuse of water bodies that has led to this problem. Right
water management helps in maintaining the cycle of
nature and the existing biodiversity

23. REFERENCES
• https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_importance_of_Water_Resource_Management_and_its_i
mplication_on_future_generations_of_man-kind
• http://mowr.gov.in/government-initiatives
• http://mowr.gov.in/schemes-projects-programmes/programmes/ganga-rejuvenation
• http://mowr.gov.in/schemes-projects-programmes/schemes/interlinking-rivers
• http://mowr.gov.in/policies-guideline/policies/national-water-policy
• http://mowr.gov.in/schemes-projects-programmes/schemes/river-basin-management
• http://mowr.gov.in/schemes-projects-programmes/schemes/namami-gange
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/why-is-water-management-important-for-us
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/water-resources-management

24. THANK YOU