This document is a mini project report on the 'Automatic Water Level Indicator' submitted to T John Institute of Technology by engineering students Shahrukh Javed and Mohammed Amir. It details the project's objectives, components, working mechanism, advantages, and potential applications, emphasizing the practical benefits of the system in preventing water overflow and reducing wastage. The project is presented as a simple, efficient, and cost-effective solution suitable for various environments including homes and commercial establishments.

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A Mini Project Report on
AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
Submitted to
T JOHN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Bangalore.
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering
By
Shahrukh Javed BEE141570
Mohammed Amir BEE141566
Session: 2016-2017
Date of submission 13th
Oct 2016
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF
PROF. BASAVANAGOUDA
DEPARTMENT OF ECE.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
T JOHN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Visvesvaraya Technological University)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to VTU & Accredited by NAAC)
86/3, Gottigere, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore - 560083

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PREFACE
This project provides complete information on the topic “AUTOMATIC
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR” and maximum efforts have been taken to
make the project more comprehensive and lucid to understand.
This project covers a variety of sub topics like basic information, its working,
day to day uses in life and different aspects of Water Level Indicator System.
One may notice a perceptible change in written in an easy dialogue style
engaging the readers constantly and included with more informatics comments.
I assure you to go through this project thoroughly to know a bit more and facts
about automatic water level indicator.

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Declaration
I hereby declare that the project entitled “AUTOMATIC WATER
LEVEL INDICATOR” submitted by us to T. John Institute of
Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University during the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication Engineering is a
record of bonafide project work carried out by us under the guidance of
Mr. Basavanagouda.
I further declare that the work reported in this mini project has not been
submitted & will not be submitted either in part or in full for award of any
degree in this institute.
SHAHRUKH JAVED
MOHAMMED AMIR

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Acknowledgement
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the
task would be put incomplete without the mention of the people who made
it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the
efforts with success.
It is my greatest pleasure to thank Dr. Arun Vikas Singh Head of
Department of Electronics and Communication, T.John Institute of
Technology for providing us heart full encouragement support and
allowing us to work in such a resourceful lab of this esteemed institute &
thereby fulfilling one of my dreams.
I whole heartedly thank my project guide Mr. Basavanagouda (Asst.
Professor Electronics & Communication Department) for his consistent
guidance, expert academic and support throughout the project, without his
great concepts & inspiration it would have been impossible.
I’m very much thankful to Mr.Chethan for his help in the laboratory for
practical guidance during this project.
I thank my parents for their emotional and financial support which they
provided during this project.
We show gratitude to our Honourable Principal Dr. H.N Thippeswamy,
for having provided all the facilities and support.
I thank to all faculties who directly and indirectly helped us in the
completion of this projects.

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INTRODUCTION
Nowadays everybody has overhead tank at their homes, but the one who has a water
tank above knows the kind of problems that they face. Water tank overflow is a
common problem which leads to the wastage of water. Being electronics enthusiastic
made a simple and handy circuit which will detect the water level and will raise an
alarm upon getting the water tank full or a preset level.
This simple transistor based water level indicator circuit is very useful to indicate the
water levels in a tank. Whenever tank gets filled, we get alerts on particular levels.
Here we have created levels by alarms & we have added LEDs to indicate the level of
water and one buzzer to indicate full level. When tanks gets filled completely we get
beep sound from buzzer.
So now we do not have to worry about overflow and water out anymore.

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COMPONENTS USED
SR.NO. COMPONENT NAME SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. TRANSISTOR BC-547 3
2. RESISTOR 220 Ω(ohm) 3
3. LED RED
GREEN
WHITE
1
1
1
4. PIEZO BUZZER SOUND LEVEL
85dB (minimum)
1
5.
BATTERY 9V 1
Table 1. List of the Components Used.
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION- BC547
BC547 is an NPN Bi-polar junction transistor (BJT) as
shown in figure 1.
It is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch
electronic signals and electrical power. The NPN
transistor can be used in two different modes: forward
biased mode and the reverse biased mode.
BC547 is mainly used for amplification and switching
purposes. It has a maximum current gain of 800. Its
equivalent transistors are BC548 and BC549. The
transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate
in the desired region of its characteristic curves i.e.,
Biasing.
For amplification applications, the transistor is biased
such that it is partly on for all input conditions. The input
signal at base is amplified and taken at the emitter.
BC547 is used in common emitter configuration for
amplifiers. The voltage divider is the commonly used
biasing mode. For switching applications, transistor is
biased so that it remains fully on if there is a signal at its
base. In the absence of base signal, it gets completely off.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig 1.
Working of automatic water tank level controller
As shown in figure, in the beginning when without water on a bucket transistors
will not works, because the base of the transistors is not triggered from the
common point.
There are Four parts in this project:-
(i) The Sensor Part: It is generally a fixed support inside the tank having some nuts
and bolt with wires coming out.
(ii) The Circuit Part: It comprises the brain of the module; where in all the various
inputs from the sensors are fed. It is the unit from where you will get all the
information of how much of water is in the tank.

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(iii) The Power Supply: It is the part where in you will be converting the A/C voltage
to a regulated voltage of 5V to the Circuit.
(IV) The Buzzer Part:It is responsible for bringing up the sound when the water level
fills up in the tank. It will also be having a speaker or a buzzer to alert.
The connections and arrangements are made as shown in the figure above. The
+9V is supplied to water using a metal contact. In this circuit all the transistors are
working as a switch. When the water touches the metal contact in which base of each
transistor is connected, small current flows and turns on the transistor. When a
transistor turns on, LED connected to it glows. Thus LEDs will be turned on
depending up on the level of water.
And finally when it reaches to its top most level, there will be a visual display
as well as a sound from the unit indicating that the water has filled in the tank
and one can be alerted that the tank has been filled up and the water pump has
to be switched off saving the electricity bill as well as over flow of water from
the tank.

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Advantage
 Easy to operate & Fast response.
 Smaller in size.
 Efficient design eliminates man’s work.
 Low power consumption and reduces wastage.
Disadvantages
 Required a dedicated controller (Human).
 There is a need of automatic system to increase the accuracy.
Application
 Water level indicator is used in application like storage tanks, boiler etc to indicate
level of inside water.
 Easily indicate when water level is full in the tank with beep sound.

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CONCLUSION
This is a simple model water level indicator which can be made at your home.
This project is the solution to help the user to indicate water level in reservoir or into
the water tank that indicated different levels in an over head tank.
A connection runs under to the underground tank to check the availability of water in
the tank before operation the pump and the pump operates only automatic Water level
Controller can be used in Hotels, Factories, Homes Apartments, Commercial
Complexes, Drainage, etc.,
Finally, the project has been successfully implemented & tested.
I am proud to express my delight as the project I embarked upon is successfully
finished in such a short span. The project gave us more confidence that we will be
able to put in practice, whatever the theoretical knowledge we gained during the
course of study till now. It really persuades us to do more and more perhaps in better
way in future.