It is a simple innovative idea which demonstrates how to design a simple circuit which can act as a WATER LEVEL INDICATOR. It is a general idea and can be even modified to build an AUTOMATIC ON/OFF CIRCUIT as the water starts overflowing by implementing a simple JK-flip-flop in the circuit.

1. WATER LEVEL SENSING,
AUTOMATION AND RAIN
WATER/LEAKAGE DETECTION
 Mini project presentation :
 By:
 Jyotsna Rani (12-1-4-065)
 Ilina Sinha (12-1-4-061)

2. WATER
LEVEL
INDICATOR

3. NEED OF WATER LEVEL INDICATOR:
 1. Over Flow Problems
 2. To prevent wastage of water
 3. To prevent wastage of energy
 4. Attention and observation
 For sustainable use of water and judicious use of
electricity.

4. Water Level Indicator With
Alarm
 The Water Level Indicator employs a simple mechanism to detect and indicate
the water level in an overhead tank or any other water container. The sensing
is done by using a set of three probes which are placed at three different
levels on the tank walls (with probe 3 to probe 1 placed in increasing order of
height, common probe (i.e. a supply carrying probe) is placed at the base of
the tank). The level 3 represents the “tank full” condition while level 1
represents the “tank empty” condition.

5. COMPONENTS :
FOLLOWING ARE THE REQUIRED COMPONENTS FOR MAKING
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR CIRCUIT:
1. TRANSISTOR: BC547 (3 IN NOS.)
2. RESISTORS: R1=R2=R3=300 OHM
3. BUZZER/LED
4. 9V SUPPLY
5. BREAD BOARD
6. LED’S (DIFFERENT COLORS)
8. CONNECTING WIRES

6. Basic Circuit:

7. Details of Components:
 1. Bread-Board:
 A bread-board is a construction base for prototyping of
electronics. It is used for temporary prototyping and
experimenting with circuit diagram.
 2. Resistors:
 Resistor is a passive component used to control current in a
circuit. Its resistance is given by the ratio of voltage applied
across its terminals to the current passing through it.

8.  3. Buzzer: The buzzer produces sound. It is also used in alarm
circuits.
 4. LED’s: A LED is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p-n
junction diode and emits light when activated.

9.  4. Transistor:
 In this circuit we use bc547 transistor, which is a common emitter
NPN transistor. This is basically used for amplification and switching
purpose.
 5. Connecting Wires:
 Few connecting wires are used for connection in the circuit.
 6. Power Supply:
 A DC power supply of about 9V is taken.

10. BC 547:
 It is a NPN bipolar junction transistor.
 It can be used in circuits where voltages reach no more than 30V.
 It has high voltage ratings and lower noise in comparison to other
transistors.
 It has a noise figure less than 10dB.
 It is basically used for switching and amplification purpose in the
mentioned circuit.

11. Pin diagram of BC547:

12. Practical Circuit diagram:

13. WORKING:
 The operation of this project is very simple and can be understood
easily. In our project “water level indicator” there are 3 main
conditions:
 There is no water or very less water available in the source tank.
Intermediate level .
 There is ample amount of water available in the source tank or
about to overflow.
 So let us discuss on the more about these 3 conditions

14.  After establishing the required connection as shown in the circuit
diagram, we place the other ends of the three wires which are
connected to the base of the three transistors into a bowl at three
different levels of height.
 Suppose wire1 is at a lower height.
 Wire2 at a medium height
 Wire3 at a height from which water is supposed to overflow.

15.  As we start pouring water into the bowl, the water level touches
the first wire (Wire1) which is at a lower level and the circuit gets
completed and current starts flowing and the first led (D1) glows.
 Gradually, as the level of water goes on increasing the other two
LEDs (D2 and D3 glows) indicating that the water has reached to
maximum height.
 As the water level crosses the maximum limit, the buzzer starts
beeping and thus sends an alarm so that we can stop the supply of
the water.
 Thus, this simple circuit depicts how a Simple water level
indicator help us in preventing the flow of water and further help in
reducing the wastage of water and power.
 So, it turns us to be a very useful appliance which can used.

16. Applications:
 Automatic Water level Controller can be used in Hotels, Factories,
Homes Apartments, Commercial Complexes, Drainage, etc., It can
be fixed for single phase motor, Single Phase Submersibles, Three
Phase motors. (For Single Phase Submersible Starter is necessary)
and open well, Bore well and Sump. We can control two motor and
two sumps and two overhead tanks by single unit.
 Automatic water level controller will automatically START the
pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined
level (usually 1/2 tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon
as tank is full.
 Fuel level indicator in vehicles.
 Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in the companies.

17. OTHER TWO PROPOSED MODELS:
 Automatic ON/OFF Control
 Water Leakage detection (if any)
 (These two projects are still in progress and are realizable)

18. THANK YOU!
Group: EC-2
B.tech 6th Sem,ECE
NIT Silchar
. Jyotsna Rani (12-1-4-065)
. Ilina Sinha (12-1-4-061)