The document describes a water level indicator circuit project. It includes an acknowledgment thanking those who supported the project. It then provides details on the need for a water level indicator to prevent overflow and waste. The circuit uses 4 probes at different levels, 4 transistors, LEDs, a buzzer and battery. It works by detecting 4 different water levels - empty, intermediate, full, and overflow. The circuit and working are illustrated. Applications include storage tanks, reservoirs, and automating pumps. Benefits are monitoring remotely, conserving water and power, and preventing overflow damage. Images show the circuit diagram and unit at different water levels.

1. INDEX
S.No Content Pg. No
1. Certificate 1
2. Acknowledgement 2
3. Introduction 3
4. Need for water level indicator 4
5. Circuit Elements 5
6. Details of Components 6
7. Working Principle 7
8. Application 8
9. Advantages 9
10. Scope 10
11. Circuit Diagram 11
12. Project Images 12
13. Bibliography 15

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to our teacher as well as our
Principal Mr. Bhaskar Ganti who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic-” TO STUDY THE WORKING OF
WATER LEVEL INDICATING SYSTEM”
which also helped me in research and gain
knowledge about many new things. Secondly,
I would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me in finalizing this project
within limited time frame.
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3. INTRODUCTION
The Water Level Indicator employs
a simple mechanism to detect and
indicate the water level in an
overhead tank or any other water
container. The sensing is done by
using 4 probes which are placed at
4 different levels on the tank
walls(with probe 4 to probe 1
placed in increasing order of
height, common probe(i.e. supply
carrying probe) is placed at the
bottom of the tank). The level 4
represents the “Tank Full”
condition while Level 1 represents
the “Empty Tank” condition.

4. NEED FOR WATER LEVEL
INDICATOR
 To Overcome Overflow
Problems
 To Prevent Wastage Of Water
 To Prevent Wastage Of Energy
 Attention And Observation
For Sustainable Use Of Water
And Judicious Use Of Electricity
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5. CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
 4 Transistor BC 548
 6 Resistors 220 ohm
 LED Bulbs
• Red
• Yellow
• Green
 Buzzer
 9V Battery
 Battery Cap
 PCB Board
 Connecting Wires
 Soldering Wires
Solder
5

6. DETAILS OF COMPONENTS
1) Resistance
The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor
is a measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current
through that conductor. The inverse quantity is
electrical conductance, the ease with which an electric
current passes.
2) Light Emitting Diode (LED)
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead
semiconductor light source. It is a pn-junction diode,
which emits light when activated. When a suitable
voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within the device,
releasing energy in the form of photons.
3) Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to
amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical
power. It is composed of semiconductor material with
at least three terminals for connection to an external
circuit.
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7. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The operation of this project is very
simple and can be understood
easily. In our project “Water Level
Indicating System” there are 4
main conditions:
•There is no water available in the
source tank.
•Intermediate level i.e. tank is
almost half filled.
•There is ample amount of water
available in the source tank i.e.
tank is filled to ¾ of its capacity.
•The water is about to overflow
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8. APPLICATION
•Water level indicator is used in
applications like storage tanks, boilers
etc. to indicate level of water inside.
•Can be used to measure underground
storage of water
•It is used to predict arrival of floods
•It can be used to calculate incoming
and outgoing water in large reservoirs
•Automatic Water level Controller can be
used in Hotels, Factories, Homes
Apartments, Commercial Complexes,
Drainage, etc..
•Automatic water level controller will
automatically START the pump as soon
as the water level falls below the
predetermined level and shall SWITCH
OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full.
•Fuel level indicator in vehicles.
•Liquid level indicator in the huge
containers in the companies.
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9. ADVANTAGES
• The system easily indicates when water
level is full in tank with beep.
• Low Maintenance
•Compact elegant design
•Now no need to go on the roof to
check water level.
• Eco-Friendly
•Alarms starts ringing as soon as tank
becomes full
•It ensures no overflows or dry running
of pump there by saves electricity and
water
•Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to
overflowing tanks
•Fully automation, saves man power
•Consume very little electricity, ideal for
continuous operation
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10. SCOPE
•This circuit not only indicates the
amount of water present in the
overhead tank but also gives an alarm
when the tank is full. This worthy device
starts ringing as soon as the water tank
becomes full. It helps to check overflow
and wastage of water by warning the
customer when the tank is about to
brim. It also provides automatic control
of pumps at a remote location.
 Now no need to go on the roof to
look the water level.
 It shows the water level in your room
like 1/4 tank, 1/2 tank, 3/4 tank and
full tank.
 Alarm starts ringing as soon as tank
becomes full.
 Suitable for every tank.
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11. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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12. PROJECT IMAGES
12

13. 13
When there is no water
in the tank
When the tank is
filled 33%

14. 14
When the tank is filled 66%
When the tank is filled fully,
the buzzer starts buzzing…

15. BIBLIOGRAPHY
•NCERT Physics Class 12
•Together With Lab Manual
Physics-XII
•Wikipedia
•www.slideshare.com
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16. THANK YOU!!!
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