This document outlines the key aspects of sludge management in wastewater treatment plants. It discusses the different types of sludge generated, including primary, secondary, and chemical sludge. Treatment processes like thickening, stabilization, conditioning, and dewatering are explained. Common thickening methods include gravity thickeners and belt thickeners. Stabilization is achieved through anaerobic digestion. Dewatering options compared are centrifuges, belt filter presses, and drying beds. The document concludes by proposing designs for sludge treatment units based on calculated sludge quantities and disposal of dewatered sludge to landfill.
BREWING PRODUCTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENTshivesh dubey
This document discusses water and waste management in brewing industries. It addresses the significance of water management and waste disposal as cost factors for breweries. Breweries aim to keep waste disposal costs low and monitor water consumption for process performance comparisons. The document then describes the characteristics of brewery wastewater and various treatment processes used, including physical, chemical and biological processes. Preliminary, primary and secondary treatment stages aim to remove solids, while tertiary treatment targets specific pollutants. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of waste reduction and environmental performance for breweries.
This document provides an overview of various wastewater treatment technologies. It begins with initial screening and primary treatment techniques like sedimentation and filtration to remove solids. It then discusses secondary biological treatment using aerobic and anaerobic processes. Finally, it covers tertiary treatment techniques like disinfection using chlorination, ozonation, and UV irradiation. The document serves as a comprehensive introduction to the different stages and methods involved in wastewater treatment.
1) The document discusses sustainable wastewater treatment, including categories of wastewater sources and types.
2) It describes the various stages of wastewater treatment - screening and primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes, and tertiary treatment to remove additional contaminants.
3) Challenges in wastewater treatment are addressed, such as aging infrastructure and the need for funding, as well as solutions like upgrading pumps and optimizing aeration.
With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
The document discusses waste water treatment in oil refineries. It notes that refineries produce a variety of waste materials in gaseous, liquid, and solid forms that must be treated before disposal. Refineries use large amounts of water and generate large volumes of wastewater. Treatment involves using oil skimmers, equalization tanks, trickling filters, aeration tanks, and lagoons/final polishing ponds to treat wastewater before discharge or recycling. The goal is to meet minimum standards for BOD, TSS, pH, and absence of visible solids/oil before treated water is released.
Wastewater treatment by effluent treatment plantsRifat Kamrul
This document provides an overview of effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the need for ETPs, their design considerations and types. It describes the key processes involved in industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. These include physical, chemical and biological treatment levels and mechanisms like screening, sedimentation, aeration, activated sludge etc. The document includes a flow chart illustrating the ETP treatment process.
The document discusses waste water treatment and disposal of effluents from the textile industry. It describes the nature and sources of effluents, including dyes and auxiliaries washed off during manufacturing. Primary treatment involves screening, sedimentation, equalization and neutralization to remove solids and adjust pH. Secondary biological treatment uses aerobic processes like activated sludge or anaerobic digestion to reduce BOD. Tertiary treatments target non-biodegradable pollutants through various chemical, physical and membrane processes. The textile industry generates various categories of waste requiring different treatment approaches.
BREWING PRODUCTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENTshivesh dubey
This document discusses water and waste management in brewing industries. It addresses the significance of water management and waste disposal as cost factors for breweries. Breweries aim to keep waste disposal costs low and monitor water consumption for process performance comparisons. The document then describes the characteristics of brewery wastewater and various treatment processes used, including physical, chemical and biological processes. Preliminary, primary and secondary treatment stages aim to remove solids, while tertiary treatment targets specific pollutants. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of waste reduction and environmental performance for breweries.
This document provides an overview of various wastewater treatment technologies. It begins with initial screening and primary treatment techniques like sedimentation and filtration to remove solids. It then discusses secondary biological treatment using aerobic and anaerobic processes. Finally, it covers tertiary treatment techniques like disinfection using chlorination, ozonation, and UV irradiation. The document serves as a comprehensive introduction to the different stages and methods involved in wastewater treatment.
1) The document discusses sustainable wastewater treatment, including categories of wastewater sources and types.
2) It describes the various stages of wastewater treatment - screening and primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes, and tertiary treatment to remove additional contaminants.
3) Challenges in wastewater treatment are addressed, such as aging infrastructure and the need for funding, as well as solutions like upgrading pumps and optimizing aeration.
With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
The document discusses waste water treatment in oil refineries. It notes that refineries produce a variety of waste materials in gaseous, liquid, and solid forms that must be treated before disposal. Refineries use large amounts of water and generate large volumes of wastewater. Treatment involves using oil skimmers, equalization tanks, trickling filters, aeration tanks, and lagoons/final polishing ponds to treat wastewater before discharge or recycling. The goal is to meet minimum standards for BOD, TSS, pH, and absence of visible solids/oil before treated water is released.
Wastewater treatment by effluent treatment plantsRifat Kamrul
This document provides an overview of effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the need for ETPs, their design considerations and types. It describes the key processes involved in industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. These include physical, chemical and biological treatment levels and mechanisms like screening, sedimentation, aeration, activated sludge etc. The document includes a flow chart illustrating the ETP treatment process.
The document discusses waste water treatment and disposal of effluents from the textile industry. It describes the nature and sources of effluents, including dyes and auxiliaries washed off during manufacturing. Primary treatment involves screening, sedimentation, equalization and neutralization to remove solids and adjust pH. Secondary biological treatment uses aerobic processes like activated sludge or anaerobic digestion to reduce BOD. Tertiary treatments target non-biodegradable pollutants through various chemical, physical and membrane processes. The textile industry generates various categories of waste requiring different treatment approaches.
This document discusses the design and processes involved in sludge treatment for wastewater. It begins by defining sludge and its sources. The goals of sludge treatment are then outlined as volume reduction, pathogen elimination, organic stabilization, and recycling of substances. Various sludge treatment processes are then described in detail, including thickening, stabilization through aerobic/anaerobic digestion, dewatering, and drying. The document also discusses activated sludge processes and trickling filter processes for wastewater treatment.
Land spreading of solid waste can be a viable waste management option if done properly. Organic wastes that provide ecological benefits can be spread on lands as a fertilizer. However, landspreading requires studying the waste composition and soil's ability to receive the waste. It is important to ensure landspreading is not done to avoid waste laws. Monitoring of groundwater is also needed at land disposal sites to detect contamination and take corrective actions such as containment measures. Different types of landfills exist based on the waste accepted, with sanitary landfills used for municipal solid waste. Waste undergoes various decomposition phases as it breaks down anaerobically in a landfill over time.
This presentation discusses effluent treatment processes for textile mills. It begins by defining effluents as liquid industrial waste and describes effluent treatment plants (ETPs) which purify wastewater for reuse or safe environmental release. The presentation then outlines the various sources and components of textile mill effluent, and describes the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment stages used to remove solids, organics, dyes and other pollutants. These include processes like screening, sedimentation, neutralization, biological treatments and tertiary options like evaporation and reverse osmosis. Recommendations emphasize segregating waste streams, maximizing water recycling and using technologies like nanofiltration and solar evaporation.
The document discusses the various treatment processes used to treat sewage before disposal. It describes 4 stages of treatment: preliminary (removing solids), primary (removing larger suspended solids through sedimentation), secondary (further treating the effluent using biological decomposition by bacteria), and sometimes tertiary (further polishing the treated water before disposal or reuse). The specific processes within each stage are then defined, such as screening and grit removal for preliminary treatment, and trickling filters, aeration tanks, and oxidation ponds for secondary biological treatment. Proper treatment is necessary to reduce pathogens and organic matter in sewage before disposal.
The document discusses important contaminants of concern in wastewater treatment including suspended solids, nutrients, priority pollutants, refractory organics, heavy metals, and dissolved inorganics. It then describes characteristics of industrial wastewater such as physical characteristics (total solids, odors, temperature, color, turbidity), chemical characteristics (organic and inorganic matter), and biological characteristics. Finally, it outlines common wastewater treatment methods including mechanical, physical, chemical, physio-chemical, biological, and auxiliary operations like disinfection.
This document provides an overview of common effluent treatment plants (CETP) and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It discusses various sources of industrial wastewater and treatments for removing solids, oils, biodegradable organics, and other contaminants like acids, alkalis, and toxins. Key treatment methods include neutralization, precipitation, filtration, activated sludge processes, and trickling filters. The document focuses on best practices for removing different types of pollutants from wastewater produced by various industries.
This document discusses various methods for treating and disposing of sewage sludge. It begins by describing the different types of sludge that are produced - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The objectives of sludge treatment are then outlined as reducing moisture content, removing organic matter, destroying microorganisms, and eliminating toxins. Several sludge treatment and disposal methods are then described in detail, including thickening methods like gravity thickening, rotary drum filtering, and gravity belt thickening. Other treatment methods discussed include centrifugation, vacuum filtering, belt pressure filtering, and sludge sand drying beds. Lastly, the document touches on disposal methods such as burial, land application, and incineration.
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants.pptxKediromer
The document provides information about the sewage treatment process at Kombolcha Industrial Park Sewage Treatment Plant in Ethiopia. It describes the various unit processes involved, including physical processes like screening and sedimentation, biological processes like activated sludge and anaerobic digestion, and tertiary treatments like filtration. The plant has a design capacity of 2500 cubic meters per day and treats sewage to standards suitable for safe disposal or reuse.
22MT32 Recycling of water and chemicals in textile processing.pptxNikithaa12
This document discusses recycling of water and chemicals in textile processing. It describes how textile wastewater contains various dyes and chemicals that make treatment challenging. The main pollutants are from dyeing and finishing processes, which use many organic compounds. Treatment involves primary processes like screening, sedimentation, and neutralization to remove solids. Secondary biological treatment uses methods like activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary processes like oxidation, ion exchange and membranes further purify the water. The document examines the treatment stages and pollutants from different textile industry processes in detail.
Water pollution is a global problem that affects both surface and groundwater. Wastewater contains various pollutants like chemicals, pathogens, and excess nutrients that can harm ecosystems and human health. Common treatment methods include physical processes like screening and sedimentation to remove solids, as well as chemical processes using disinfectants or coagulants and biological processes using bacteria to break down organic matter. The goal of wastewater treatment is to remove contaminants and make the water clean enough to discharge back into the environment.
This document discusses wastewater treatment. It describes how industries use water for manufacturing, heating, cooling, and other purposes, which results in wastewater that must be treated before discharge. The document outlines important contaminants found in wastewater like suspended solids, nutrients, heavy metals, and more. It then describes common physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods used to remove these contaminants, including screening, sedimentation, flotation, neutralization, and oxidation/reduction.
The document discusses current industrial wastewater treatment processes in the dairy industry. It begins with an overview of dairy operations and the types of wastes generated. It then describes various treatment steps including pretreatment, primary treatment using screens and settling tanks, and secondary biological treatment using activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary treatment may include coagulation, filtration and disinfection. The document also discusses some modifications to treatment processes like using membranes or organo-zeolites and issues around dairy wastewater treatment.
The document summarizes the key steps and components involved in sewage treatment. It discusses primary treatment which uses settling and screening to remove solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge to break down organic matter via aerobic bacteria. This produces a treated water that can be further processed or released, and a sewage sludge byproduct. Grit chambers and sedimentation tanks are also outlined which employ gravity and flow velocities to separate inorganic materials.
This document outlines various methods for industrial wastewater treatment. It begins by stating the objectives of industrial wastewater treatment are to allow effluents to be disposed of without harming human health or the environment. It then discusses the characteristics of industrial wastewater including physical, chemical, and biological properties. Several common treatment methods are described such as mechanical, physical, chemical, and physio-chemical processes. Specific technologies like screening, sedimentation, flotation, neutralization, and dissolved air flotation are explained.
The document summarizes a sewage treatment plant in Govindpura, Ghaziabad. It discusses that the plant was constructed at a cost of Rs. 6832 lakh and has four channels each treating 56 MLD of sewage. It uses an UASB process and was inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. The plant treats sewage from nearby areas and produces treated wastewater that meets pollution control standards.
Sewage sludge treatment describes the processes used to manage and dispose of sewage sludge produced during sewage treatment. Sludge is mostly water with lesser amounts of solid material removed from liquid sewage. Primary sludge includes settleable solids removed during primary treatment in primary clarifiers. Secondary sludge separated in secondary clarifiers includes treated sewage sludge from secondary treatment bioreactors.
Sludge treatment is focused on reducing sludge weight and volume to reduce disposal costs, and on reducing potential health risks of disposal options. Water removal is the primary means of weight and volume reduction, while pathogen destruction is frequently accomplished through heating during thermophilic digestion, composting, or incineration. The choice of a sludge treatment method depends on the volume of sludge generated, and comparison of treatment costs required for available disposal options. Air-drying and composting may be attractive to rural communities, while limited land availability may make aerobic digestion and mechanical dewatering preferable for cities, and economies of scale may encourage energy recovery alternatives in metropolitan areas.
Energy may be recovered from sludge through methane gas production during anaerobic digestion or through incineration of dried sludge, but energy yield is often insufficient to evaporate sludge water content or to power blowers, pumps, or centrifuges required for dewatering. Coarse primary solids and secondary sewage sludge may include toxic chemicals removed from liquid sewage by sorption onto solid particles in clarifier sludge. Reducing sludge volume may increase the concentration of some of these toxic chemicals in the sludge.[1]
This document presents the design of a sewage treatment plant. It includes an introduction to sewage treatment and objectives of treatment plants. It describes the various processes involved like preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and sludge digestion. It provides flow diagrams and population calculations to determine design flow. It includes the design calculations and sizing of various treatment units like screens, grit chambers, primary sedimentation tanks, aeration tanks, and sludge digestion tanks. The conclusion states that the treated wastewater quality will meet WHO standards for reuse in irrigation.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
This document discusses the design and processes involved in sludge treatment for wastewater. It begins by defining sludge and its sources. The goals of sludge treatment are then outlined as volume reduction, pathogen elimination, organic stabilization, and recycling of substances. Various sludge treatment processes are then described in detail, including thickening, stabilization through aerobic/anaerobic digestion, dewatering, and drying. The document also discusses activated sludge processes and trickling filter processes for wastewater treatment.
Land spreading of solid waste can be a viable waste management option if done properly. Organic wastes that provide ecological benefits can be spread on lands as a fertilizer. However, landspreading requires studying the waste composition and soil's ability to receive the waste. It is important to ensure landspreading is not done to avoid waste laws. Monitoring of groundwater is also needed at land disposal sites to detect contamination and take corrective actions such as containment measures. Different types of landfills exist based on the waste accepted, with sanitary landfills used for municipal solid waste. Waste undergoes various decomposition phases as it breaks down anaerobically in a landfill over time.
This presentation discusses effluent treatment processes for textile mills. It begins by defining effluents as liquid industrial waste and describes effluent treatment plants (ETPs) which purify wastewater for reuse or safe environmental release. The presentation then outlines the various sources and components of textile mill effluent, and describes the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment stages used to remove solids, organics, dyes and other pollutants. These include processes like screening, sedimentation, neutralization, biological treatments and tertiary options like evaporation and reverse osmosis. Recommendations emphasize segregating waste streams, maximizing water recycling and using technologies like nanofiltration and solar evaporation.
The document discusses the various treatment processes used to treat sewage before disposal. It describes 4 stages of treatment: preliminary (removing solids), primary (removing larger suspended solids through sedimentation), secondary (further treating the effluent using biological decomposition by bacteria), and sometimes tertiary (further polishing the treated water before disposal or reuse). The specific processes within each stage are then defined, such as screening and grit removal for preliminary treatment, and trickling filters, aeration tanks, and oxidation ponds for secondary biological treatment. Proper treatment is necessary to reduce pathogens and organic matter in sewage before disposal.
The document discusses important contaminants of concern in wastewater treatment including suspended solids, nutrients, priority pollutants, refractory organics, heavy metals, and dissolved inorganics. It then describes characteristics of industrial wastewater such as physical characteristics (total solids, odors, temperature, color, turbidity), chemical characteristics (organic and inorganic matter), and biological characteristics. Finally, it outlines common wastewater treatment methods including mechanical, physical, chemical, physio-chemical, biological, and auxiliary operations like disinfection.
This document provides an overview of common effluent treatment plants (CETP) and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It discusses various sources of industrial wastewater and treatments for removing solids, oils, biodegradable organics, and other contaminants like acids, alkalis, and toxins. Key treatment methods include neutralization, precipitation, filtration, activated sludge processes, and trickling filters. The document focuses on best practices for removing different types of pollutants from wastewater produced by various industries.
This document discusses various methods for treating and disposing of sewage sludge. It begins by describing the different types of sludge that are produced - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The objectives of sludge treatment are then outlined as reducing moisture content, removing organic matter, destroying microorganisms, and eliminating toxins. Several sludge treatment and disposal methods are then described in detail, including thickening methods like gravity thickening, rotary drum filtering, and gravity belt thickening. Other treatment methods discussed include centrifugation, vacuum filtering, belt pressure filtering, and sludge sand drying beds. Lastly, the document touches on disposal methods such as burial, land application, and incineration.
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants.pptxKediromer
The document provides information about the sewage treatment process at Kombolcha Industrial Park Sewage Treatment Plant in Ethiopia. It describes the various unit processes involved, including physical processes like screening and sedimentation, biological processes like activated sludge and anaerobic digestion, and tertiary treatments like filtration. The plant has a design capacity of 2500 cubic meters per day and treats sewage to standards suitable for safe disposal or reuse.
22MT32 Recycling of water and chemicals in textile processing.pptxNikithaa12
This document discusses recycling of water and chemicals in textile processing. It describes how textile wastewater contains various dyes and chemicals that make treatment challenging. The main pollutants are from dyeing and finishing processes, which use many organic compounds. Treatment involves primary processes like screening, sedimentation, and neutralization to remove solids. Secondary biological treatment uses methods like activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary processes like oxidation, ion exchange and membranes further purify the water. The document examines the treatment stages and pollutants from different textile industry processes in detail.
Water pollution is a global problem that affects both surface and groundwater. Wastewater contains various pollutants like chemicals, pathogens, and excess nutrients that can harm ecosystems and human health. Common treatment methods include physical processes like screening and sedimentation to remove solids, as well as chemical processes using disinfectants or coagulants and biological processes using bacteria to break down organic matter. The goal of wastewater treatment is to remove contaminants and make the water clean enough to discharge back into the environment.
This document discusses wastewater treatment. It describes how industries use water for manufacturing, heating, cooling, and other purposes, which results in wastewater that must be treated before discharge. The document outlines important contaminants found in wastewater like suspended solids, nutrients, heavy metals, and more. It then describes common physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods used to remove these contaminants, including screening, sedimentation, flotation, neutralization, and oxidation/reduction.
The document discusses current industrial wastewater treatment processes in the dairy industry. It begins with an overview of dairy operations and the types of wastes generated. It then describes various treatment steps including pretreatment, primary treatment using screens and settling tanks, and secondary biological treatment using activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary treatment may include coagulation, filtration and disinfection. The document also discusses some modifications to treatment processes like using membranes or organo-zeolites and issues around dairy wastewater treatment.
The document summarizes the key steps and components involved in sewage treatment. It discusses primary treatment which uses settling and screening to remove solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge to break down organic matter via aerobic bacteria. This produces a treated water that can be further processed or released, and a sewage sludge byproduct. Grit chambers and sedimentation tanks are also outlined which employ gravity and flow velocities to separate inorganic materials.
This document outlines various methods for industrial wastewater treatment. It begins by stating the objectives of industrial wastewater treatment are to allow effluents to be disposed of without harming human health or the environment. It then discusses the characteristics of industrial wastewater including physical, chemical, and biological properties. Several common treatment methods are described such as mechanical, physical, chemical, and physio-chemical processes. Specific technologies like screening, sedimentation, flotation, neutralization, and dissolved air flotation are explained.
The document summarizes a sewage treatment plant in Govindpura, Ghaziabad. It discusses that the plant was constructed at a cost of Rs. 6832 lakh and has four channels each treating 56 MLD of sewage. It uses an UASB process and was inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. The plant treats sewage from nearby areas and produces treated wastewater that meets pollution control standards.
Sewage sludge treatment describes the processes used to manage and dispose of sewage sludge produced during sewage treatment. Sludge is mostly water with lesser amounts of solid material removed from liquid sewage. Primary sludge includes settleable solids removed during primary treatment in primary clarifiers. Secondary sludge separated in secondary clarifiers includes treated sewage sludge from secondary treatment bioreactors.
Sludge treatment is focused on reducing sludge weight and volume to reduce disposal costs, and on reducing potential health risks of disposal options. Water removal is the primary means of weight and volume reduction, while pathogen destruction is frequently accomplished through heating during thermophilic digestion, composting, or incineration. The choice of a sludge treatment method depends on the volume of sludge generated, and comparison of treatment costs required for available disposal options. Air-drying and composting may be attractive to rural communities, while limited land availability may make aerobic digestion and mechanical dewatering preferable for cities, and economies of scale may encourage energy recovery alternatives in metropolitan areas.
Energy may be recovered from sludge through methane gas production during anaerobic digestion or through incineration of dried sludge, but energy yield is often insufficient to evaporate sludge water content or to power blowers, pumps, or centrifuges required for dewatering. Coarse primary solids and secondary sewage sludge may include toxic chemicals removed from liquid sewage by sorption onto solid particles in clarifier sludge. Reducing sludge volume may increase the concentration of some of these toxic chemicals in the sludge.[1]
This document presents the design of a sewage treatment plant. It includes an introduction to sewage treatment and objectives of treatment plants. It describes the various processes involved like preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and sludge digestion. It provides flow diagrams and population calculations to determine design flow. It includes the design calculations and sizing of various treatment units like screens, grit chambers, primary sedimentation tanks, aeration tanks, and sludge digestion tanks. The conclusion states that the treated wastewater quality will meet WHO standards for reuse in irrigation.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
3. INTRODUCTION
The sludge is
• also commonly known as biosolids
• removed from the sewage treatment processes
• a critical biologically active mix of water, organic
matter , inorganic solids, dead and alive micro-
organisms, and trace contaminants.
The importance of sludge management increases
with the increase in amount of sewage treated.
Related sludge treatment facilities should be
provided within the area of sewage treatment
plant to accommodate sludge treatment, handling
and storage facilities.
4. TYPE OF SLUDGE
The majority of sludge generated is the material which
accumulated at the bottom of the settling tanks or
clarifiers.
Wastewater sludge can be classified generally as primary,
secondary also called biological and chemical
(Turovskiy and Mathai, 2006).
• The treated sludge can be classified by the treatment
such as:
• Aerobically digested
• Anaerobic digested (mesophilic and thermophilic)
• Alkaline stabilised
• Composted
• Thermally dried
• The treated sludge can be only primary, secondary or
chemical or a mixture of any two or three of the
sludges.
5. PRIMARY SLUDGE
• Most wastewater treatment plants remove
settleable solids from raw wastewater by the
physical processes of primary settling.
• The primary sludge solid is about 50% of the total
sludge solid
• The primary sludge solid production can vary
typically from 0.1 to 0.3 kg/m3 of wastewater
• The removal rate of suspended solids at primary
treatment is usually in the range of 50 – 60 %.
Primary sludge generally gives off foul or
unpleasant odors.
The water from sludge or supernatant is turbid and
smelly.
6. SECONDARY SLUDGE
• Secondary sludge also known as biological sludge is produced by
biological treatment processes.
• Activated sludge, trickling filters, rotary biological contactors etc
are typical processes that produce biological sludges or biomass.
• Quantities and properties vary with the metabolic growth rate of
the microorganisms present.
• Concentration and volumes of biological sludges are
determined by the operation of clarifiers and sedimentation and
generally more difficult to thicken and dewater than primary and
most of chemical sludge.
• Activated sludge and trickling filter sludge generally contain
solids concentrations of 0.4 to 1.5 % and 1 to 4 % respectively in
dry solid weight
• Biological sludge is more difficult to dewater than primary sludge
because of the light biological flocs inherent in biological sludge.
7. CHEMICAL SLUDGE
• Chemicals are used to improve suspended solids
removal, increase sludge production and amounts
depending on the chemical used.
• Chemicals are used in wastewater treatment for
removing a substances in chemical precipitation of
phosphorus.
• The chemicals used for phosphorus removal include
lime, alum and ‘pickle liquors’ such as ferrous chloride,
ferric chloride, ferrous sulphate and ferric sulphate
• Some treatment plants add the chemicals to the
biological process, chemical precipitates are mixed
with the biological sludge.
• Most plants apply chemical to secondary effluent and
use tertiary clarifiers or tertiary filters to remove
chemical precipitates.
8. OTHER WASTEWATER
RESIDUAL/SOLIDS
• Other than sludge, there are other residual
removed in wastewater treatment processes
especially at preliminary treatment :
• Screening
• Grit and grease
• Scum
• Septage sludge
9. SLUDGE TREATMENT
• The sludge as removed from sedimentation tank
or clarifiers contains a high proportion of water
more than 95 % and can be unstable, odorous
and unhygienic.
• The sludge have to be further treated before it
can be disposed to environment.
• The sludge treatment processes can be classified
as:
1) Thickening
2) Stabilization
3) Conditioning
4) Dewatering
5) Final Disposal
10. THICKENING
• Thickening is a process to increase the solid
concentration of sludge and decrease its volume by
removing a portion of the water from the sludge.
• The thickened sludge remains in the liquid state and is
capable of being pump without difficulty.
• The purpose of reducing volume by thickening is to
increase the efficiency and decrease the costs of
subsequent sludge processing steps.
• Thickening of waste activated sludge is important
because of its high volume and low solids concentration.
• Thickening from 1% solid concentration to 2% can
reduce the sludge volume by one-half. If it is
concentrated to 5% solids, the volume is reduce by one
fifth of its original volume. (Turovskiy and Mathai, 2006).
11. THICKENING
• The thickening is employed prior to subsequent sludge
processing steps such as digestion and dewatering to
reduce the volumetric loading and increase the
efficiency of subsequent processes.
• The selection of a particular thickening process
sometimes depends on the size of the wastewater
treatment plant.
• The main design variables of any thickening process
are:
a) Solids concentration and flow rate of the feed stream
b) Chemical demand and cost if the chemicals are used for
conditioning
c) Suspended and dissolved solids concentrations and flow
rate of the clarified stream.
d) Solids concentration and flow rate of the thickened
sludge
12. THICKENING
• The most commonly used sludge thickening
processes are:
The gravity thickener
Dissolved air floatation thickening
Gravity belt thickening
Rotary drum thickening
18. SLUDGE STABILIZATION
• Sludge stabilization processes are used to convert raw
wastewater sludges to inoffensive forms by decreasing the
organic content in the sludge.
• The thickened sludge contain high concentration of organic
materials and high concentration of pathogens.
• This is required when the sludge is to be disposed to land.
• The major sludge stabilization processes are:
– Biological stabilization
• Anaerobic Digestion
• Aerobic Digester
– Chemical stabilization - Lime stabilization
– Thermal stabilization - Heat treatment
• The sludge stabilization process must be viewed as an integral
component of the overall sludge-handling and treatment
system.
• The selection and design of each of the components within
this system are interdependent.
20. CONDITIONING
• Sludge conditioning refers the process of improving
solid-liquid separation.
• Conditioning is an important part of mechanical
thickening and dewatering of sludge.
• Conditioning can be performed by inorganic or organic
chemical, power plant or incinerator ash or by physical
processes such as heating.
• Sludge characteristics that affect thickening or
dewatering and for which conditioning is employed
include:
i. Source
ii. Solid concentration
iii. Particle size and distribution
iv. pH and Alkalinity
v. Surface charge and degree of hydration
vi. Other physical factors
21. DEWATERING
• Dewatering is the physical operation of reducing the moisture content of
sludge and biosolids to achieve reduction greater than that achieved by
thickening.
• The capital and operation cost can be reduced due to the substantial
reduction of sludge volume after dewatering.
• The main variable in any dewatering process are solid concentration and
flow rate of the feed stream, chemical demand and solids concentration
of dewatered sludge cake.
• The selection of particular process is determined by the type and volume
of sludge to be dewatered, characteristics such as dryness required of
the dewatered product and space available.
• Recommended design for sludge stabilization and dewatering for
minimum dry solids content after dewatering 20% dry solids.
• The dewatering processes that are commonly used in Malaysia include
mechanical processes such as ;
Belt filter press
Filter press
Centrifuge
Natural processes include :
Drying beds
Sludge lagoon
24. 24
Cutaway illustration showing the main parts of a decanter.
A. Eddy Current Brake E. Conveyor
B. Planetary gear box F. Casing
C. Pillow block bearing G. Feed tube
D.Centrifugal cast bowl H. Adjustable plate dams
CENTRIFUGE DECANTER
28. 28
ULTIMATE/FINAL DISPOSAL
Sludge from STP
Transport
from STP
Retain in STP
Co-disposal -
landfill
Minor Uses -
gardening,
landscaping
Forestry
Agriculture
Dedicated
sites -
trenching
Sea
Disposal
Land
Reclamation
29. 29
Egg Shape Sludge digesters
Sludge from the Sewage Treatment Plant
after thickening and dewatering.
Sludge pellets ready for market as fertilizer.
Trenching System Drying Beds Lagoon System
Bricks from
sludge
Gift products,
flower vases, etc
32. CONCLUSION
• primary sludge from primary clarifier and secondary sludge or
waste activated sludge (WAS) from secondary or final clarifier.
• Based on calculation, quantity primary sludge generated from
primary sludge is 6.04 m3/day which 5% dry solid and quantity
sludge secondary sludge is 19.3 m3/day ( 0.75% dry solids).
• total volume of sludge is 25 m3/day and combined dry solid is
2%.
• There are 2 alternative proposals evaluated for sludge
thickening, gravity sludge thickener and gravity belt thickener.
Both methods are expected to achieve about 4% dry solid.
• From calculation, circular gravity sludge thickener to be provided
with the size of 8m diameter, 3.5 m height and 0.3 m conical and
designed for sludge age of 5 days.
• Gravity belt thickener based on manufacturer’s specification,
the area to be provided is 1.5m x 5.1m x 1.1 m height with the
weight of 980 kg.
33. CONCLUSION
• The dewatering machine evaluated is centrifuge
decanter. Based on manufacturer’s specification the
centrifuge decanter can achieve about 25% dry solids.
The minimum requirement of dry solids content after
dewatering by SPAN is only 20% dry solids (SPAN, 2009).
• The proposed centrifuge decanter’s size is 3.34 x 0.97m x
1.3 m height. The use of drying beds also evaluated, but
the requirement of SPAN, the drying beds only to be
designed to support mechanical lift for more than 10,000
PE. Covered storage area to be provided for 1 month
sludge holding.
• It was estimated that 23.11 m3/day of filtrate or
supernatant from dewatering processes to be channeled
to lowest point either pump sump or reactor tank.
• The proposed ultimate disposal of treated sludge is to be
disposed to Kuala Selangor District Council (MDKS) land
fill at Jeram near Kuala Selangor.