Panel I: "International Disaster and Risk Reduction, Sustainability and Resiliency"
Wolfgang Kroeger, Professor, ETH Risk Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
This document discusses the Crisis Management Demonstration program, which aims to test and refine promising crisis management solutions through iterative experimentation. It proposes establishing a crisis management test-bed that includes various physical and organizational platforms across Europe for conducting distributed experiments. This test-bed would provide common infrastructure, resources, and guidance to support experimentation of tools and ideas from research and development. The goal is to foster innovation in resilience and crisis management solutions and provide evidence-based decision support for capability building and investment. Resilience concepts also require similar approaches to address scenarios, measure success, and develop stakeholder acceptance through an evidence-based process.
Panel III: "Appropriateness of Resiliency as a National Strategy"
Stefan Brem, Head of Risk Analysis and Research Coordination, Swiss Federal Agency for Civil Protection, Berne, Switzerland
Roland Friedli presented on the challenges and risks of critical infrastructure at a conference on community resiliency. He discussed issues like cascading effects between interdependent systems, aging infrastructure, and infrastructure operating near capacity. He provided examples of past infrastructure failures, such as shortages, construction delays, disease outbreaks, and natural disasters. These examples illustrated how single points of failure or unforeseen events can disrupt critical services. Finally, he suggested ways the insurance industry could help mitigate infrastructure risks through assessment, incentivizing prevention, and being cautious of risks that are difficult to insure.
The document discusses resilience in the context of inclusive risk and disaster governance. It defines key terms like risk, vulnerability, and resilience. It advocates for a transition towards inclusive risk governance using adaptive management and decentralized operations with centralized coordination. A model for effective inclusive governance involves integrating regional knowledge through analysis and deliberation among stakeholders, agencies, and scientific communities. The goal is to ensure the functional continuity of services during disasters, limit losses and impacts, and enable fast recovery.
- DRI International is a global non-profit organization founded in 1988 that is committed to promoting business continuity through education, certification, and professional development. It has certified over 10,000 individuals across 100 countries.
- Business continuity differs from general risk management in that it focuses on preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disruptive incidents to minimize their impact on business operations and ensure continuity of service.
- Public-private partnerships and convergence are important for resilience because the private sector controls most resources and is often better able to respond to disasters, so coordinated efforts between the public and private sectors are needed for effective response.
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Towards a Novel and Applicable Approach for Resilience Engineering, Ivo HAERINGGlobal Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses the need for resilience engineering from a technical science perspective. It provides a definition of technical resilience engineering as preserving system functionality with engineered capabilities and solutions when problems or disruptions occur. Methods are presented for jointly optimizing resilience in all phases, analyzing resilience, designing resilience capabilities, and using semi-quantitative and simulation approaches to model event propagation and quantify resilience dimensions. Challenges include further developing concepts and methods for technical operationalization of resilience engineering.
This document discusses the Crisis Management Demonstration program, which aims to test and refine promising crisis management solutions through iterative experimentation. It proposes establishing a crisis management test-bed that includes various physical and organizational platforms across Europe for conducting distributed experiments. This test-bed would provide common infrastructure, resources, and guidance to support experimentation of tools and ideas from research and development. The goal is to foster innovation in resilience and crisis management solutions and provide evidence-based decision support for capability building and investment. Resilience concepts also require similar approaches to address scenarios, measure success, and develop stakeholder acceptance through an evidence-based process.
Panel III: "Appropriateness of Resiliency as a National Strategy"
Stefan Brem, Head of Risk Analysis and Research Coordination, Swiss Federal Agency for Civil Protection, Berne, Switzerland
Roland Friedli presented on the challenges and risks of critical infrastructure at a conference on community resiliency. He discussed issues like cascading effects between interdependent systems, aging infrastructure, and infrastructure operating near capacity. He provided examples of past infrastructure failures, such as shortages, construction delays, disease outbreaks, and natural disasters. These examples illustrated how single points of failure or unforeseen events can disrupt critical services. Finally, he suggested ways the insurance industry could help mitigate infrastructure risks through assessment, incentivizing prevention, and being cautious of risks that are difficult to insure.
The document discusses resilience in the context of inclusive risk and disaster governance. It defines key terms like risk, vulnerability, and resilience. It advocates for a transition towards inclusive risk governance using adaptive management and decentralized operations with centralized coordination. A model for effective inclusive governance involves integrating regional knowledge through analysis and deliberation among stakeholders, agencies, and scientific communities. The goal is to ensure the functional continuity of services during disasters, limit losses and impacts, and enable fast recovery.
- DRI International is a global non-profit organization founded in 1988 that is committed to promoting business continuity through education, certification, and professional development. It has certified over 10,000 individuals across 100 countries.
- Business continuity differs from general risk management in that it focuses on preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disruptive incidents to minimize their impact on business operations and ensure continuity of service.
- Public-private partnerships and convergence are important for resilience because the private sector controls most resources and is often better able to respond to disasters, so coordinated efforts between the public and private sectors are needed for effective response.
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Towards a Novel and Applicable Approach for Resilience Engineering, Ivo HAERINGGlobal Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses the need for resilience engineering from a technical science perspective. It provides a definition of technical resilience engineering as preserving system functionality with engineered capabilities and solutions when problems or disruptions occur. Methods are presented for jointly optimizing resilience in all phases, analyzing resilience, designing resilience capabilities, and using semi-quantitative and simulation approaches to model event propagation and quantify resilience dimensions. Challenges include further developing concepts and methods for technical operationalization of resilience engineering.
Towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy supply the role of resilience i...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses concepts related to ensuring a safe, secure, and sustainable energy supply. It introduces the concepts of risk assessment, resilience management, security of supply, sustainability, and multi-criteria decision analysis. It then presents a case study from the EU SECURE project that used these concepts to evaluate policy scenarios according to various environmental, economic, social, and security indicators. The study found that global climate policy scenarios generally performed best, though they were vulnerable to certain shocks like nuclear accidents or carbon capture failures. Overall policies that reduced fossil fuel use and led to greater diversification of energy sources and imports improved sustainability and security.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
SPEAK Social media and crisis communication during cascading disasters, Elisa...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
ENGELBACH-Indicators to compare simulated crisis management strategies-ID1065...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses the CRISMA crisis management simulation approach which uses modeling and indicators to compare different crisis management strategies. It aims to support multi-organizational planning, evaluate investment options, improve cooperation, and provide more flexible training. The document outlines different types of indicators that can be used including situation, capacity, economic impact, and key performance indicators. It provides an example of using resource planning indicators for a simulated bus accident scenario.
Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes (GADRI) Discussion Session, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This summary effectively captures the key points from the document in 3 concise sentences. It highlights the main goals and principles of the Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes, including the need for interdisciplinary research
Integrative Risk Management for Catastrophe Destroying 10-20% of Global Food ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
OECD Strategic Crisis Management Workshop, presentation by Mr. Ulrik KellerOECD Governance
This presentation by Mr. Ulrik Keller, Head of section, Danish Emergency Management Agency, was made at the 2014 OECD/Swiss Federal Chancellery Strategic Crisis Management Workshop (12-13 June, Geneva).
Risk Communication by Government and the Role of the Social Media in Crisis C...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes key points from an OECD report on risk communication by governments and the role of social media in crisis communication. It discusses how effective risk communication is important for public trust, costs, and policy learning. Risk communication systems should include stakeholders, focus on prevention, and facilitate two-way information sharing using new technologies like social media. Social media can help spread information faster than traditional media, though it also presents challenges around speed of response, misinformation, and message confusion. The report identifies 12 good practices for governments to develop multi-layered social media strategies in partnership with citizens and traditional media.
The EPIC project aims to promote ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in 6 countries. It will conduct 5 case studies of ecosystem services that reduce hazards from avalanches, mangroves protecting from storms, stabilizing landscapes to reduce landslides, and adapting to climate change. The project will work with communities, gather scientific evidence, and influence policy to incorporate ecosystem management into disaster risk reduction plans and programs in target countries and globally. A unique aspect is addressing disaster risk reduction as an entry point for climate initiatives while involving communities from the start.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Roles of Scientific Commuinities in Disaster Risk Reduction Solutions Perspec...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Exploring the Future of Resilience and Mitigation to Better Plan for Disaster...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
1. The OECD High Level Risk Forum reviewed the risk of flooding from the Seine River in Paris. A flood in Paris could impact over 5 million people and cause economic damages between 3 to 30 billion Euros.
2. Better coordination of flood prevention policies across different government levels could reduce disaster impacts. There are opportunities to develop an ambitious resilience strategy, including improving flood risk governance and defining long-term financing for prevention.
3. Recommendations include ensuring linkages across flood prevention efforts, defining a clear vision and responsibilities, and improving risk knowledge, urban planning resilience, and infrastructure protection. Developing a strategic financial framework that maximizes coherence could help catalyze existing prevention resources.
Panel II: “Approaches to Infrastructure Resiliency in Different National Contexts”
Daniel Kull, Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist, World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland
Panel II: “Approaches to Infrastructure Resiliency in Different National Contexts”
Jaffer Khan, Director, MARG Institute of Design and Architecture Swarnabhoomi – MIDAS, Chennai, India
Keynote "The National Imperative"
Lauren Alexander Augustine, Associate Executive Director, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
Krishna Vatsa - Resilience-based approach to Flood Risk Management in South AsiaGlobal Risk Forum GRFDavos
Panel II: “Approaches to Infrastructure Resiliency in Different National Contexts”
Krishna Vatsa, Regional Disaster Risk Reduction Advisor, South Asia UN Development Programme, Bangkok, Thailand
Towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy supply the role of resilience i...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses concepts related to ensuring a safe, secure, and sustainable energy supply. It introduces the concepts of risk assessment, resilience management, security of supply, sustainability, and multi-criteria decision analysis. It then presents a case study from the EU SECURE project that used these concepts to evaluate policy scenarios according to various environmental, economic, social, and security indicators. The study found that global climate policy scenarios generally performed best, though they were vulnerable to certain shocks like nuclear accidents or carbon capture failures. Overall policies that reduced fossil fuel use and led to greater diversification of energy sources and imports improved sustainability and security.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
SPEAK Social media and crisis communication during cascading disasters, Elisa...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
ENGELBACH-Indicators to compare simulated crisis management strategies-ID1065...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses the CRISMA crisis management simulation approach which uses modeling and indicators to compare different crisis management strategies. It aims to support multi-organizational planning, evaluate investment options, improve cooperation, and provide more flexible training. The document outlines different types of indicators that can be used including situation, capacity, economic impact, and key performance indicators. It provides an example of using resource planning indicators for a simulated bus accident scenario.
Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes (GADRI) Discussion Session, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This summary effectively captures the key points from the document in 3 concise sentences. It highlights the main goals and principles of the Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes, including the need for interdisciplinary research
Integrative Risk Management for Catastrophe Destroying 10-20% of Global Food ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
OECD Strategic Crisis Management Workshop, presentation by Mr. Ulrik KellerOECD Governance
This presentation by Mr. Ulrik Keller, Head of section, Danish Emergency Management Agency, was made at the 2014 OECD/Swiss Federal Chancellery Strategic Crisis Management Workshop (12-13 June, Geneva).
Risk Communication by Government and the Role of the Social Media in Crisis C...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes key points from an OECD report on risk communication by governments and the role of social media in crisis communication. It discusses how effective risk communication is important for public trust, costs, and policy learning. Risk communication systems should include stakeholders, focus on prevention, and facilitate two-way information sharing using new technologies like social media. Social media can help spread information faster than traditional media, though it also presents challenges around speed of response, misinformation, and message confusion. The report identifies 12 good practices for governments to develop multi-layered social media strategies in partnership with citizens and traditional media.
The EPIC project aims to promote ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in 6 countries. It will conduct 5 case studies of ecosystem services that reduce hazards from avalanches, mangroves protecting from storms, stabilizing landscapes to reduce landslides, and adapting to climate change. The project will work with communities, gather scientific evidence, and influence policy to incorporate ecosystem management into disaster risk reduction plans and programs in target countries and globally. A unique aspect is addressing disaster risk reduction as an entry point for climate initiatives while involving communities from the start.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Roles of Scientific Commuinities in Disaster Risk Reduction Solutions Perspec...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Exploring the Future of Resilience and Mitigation to Better Plan for Disaster...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
1. The OECD High Level Risk Forum reviewed the risk of flooding from the Seine River in Paris. A flood in Paris could impact over 5 million people and cause economic damages between 3 to 30 billion Euros.
2. Better coordination of flood prevention policies across different government levels could reduce disaster impacts. There are opportunities to develop an ambitious resilience strategy, including improving flood risk governance and defining long-term financing for prevention.
3. Recommendations include ensuring linkages across flood prevention efforts, defining a clear vision and responsibilities, and improving risk knowledge, urban planning resilience, and infrastructure protection. Developing a strategic financial framework that maximizes coherence could help catalyze existing prevention resources.
Panel II: “Approaches to Infrastructure Resiliency in Different National Contexts”
Daniel Kull, Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist, World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland
Panel II: “Approaches to Infrastructure Resiliency in Different National Contexts”
Jaffer Khan, Director, MARG Institute of Design and Architecture Swarnabhoomi – MIDAS, Chennai, India
Keynote "The National Imperative"
Lauren Alexander Augustine, Associate Executive Director, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
Krishna Vatsa - Resilience-based approach to Flood Risk Management in South AsiaGlobal Risk Forum GRFDavos
Panel II: “Approaches to Infrastructure Resiliency in Different National Contexts”
Krishna Vatsa, Regional Disaster Risk Reduction Advisor, South Asia UN Development Programme, Bangkok, Thailand
The document discusses scientific approaches to quantifying and measuring resilience. It identifies gaps in resiliency research, including the need for enhanced infrastructure inventory data, improved vulnerability models, and models of infrastructure interdependencies. The document also notes opportunities such as leveraging citizens as sensors and making the case for resilience through cost-benefit analysis. Addressing these gaps would help develop a more comprehensive understanding of resilience.
The document discusses Arlington County's experience with and response to several major storms and emergencies from 2003 to 2012. It highlights the impacts of the 2012 derecho, including widespread power outages affecting over 68,000 households and problems with Verizon phone service. The response involved efforts from Dominion Power and Verizon to restore services, as well as the county setting up stations staffed with personnel and CERT volunteers to assist residents. The document advocates for increasing community resilience through education, partnerships, self-reliance and preparedness.
This document summarizes data on four major disasters between 1923-2005 in terms of deaths, economic costs, and whether they primarily impacted urban or rural areas. The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake caused 105,000 deaths and $1 billion in damage in a highly populated urban area. The 1995 Kobe Earthquake led to 6,800 deaths and $100 billion in costs in another highly populated urban center. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami killed 130,000 people in India alone and cost $4.5 billion, primarily impacting rural coastal villages. Hurricane Katrina in 2005 resulted in 1,800 deaths and $150 billion in losses, affecting both urban and mixed areas in New Orleans.
This document discusses building national resilience to disasters in the United States. It notes that disaster losses could be reduced through increased attention to building resilience at all levels of government and communities. Key points discussed include:
- Strong governance at the federal, state, and local levels is important for resilience.
- Policies need to take a long-term view of community resilience and avoid unintended consequences.
- There are gaps in coordination and policies across federal agencies that impact resilience.
- Building local capacity and empowering communities to prepare and adapt is important from the "bottom-up".
- Post-Hurricane Sandy, there have been new resilience programs and increased attention across government levels.
Panel III: "Appropriateness of Resiliency as a National Strategy"
Joao Ribeiro, General Director of the National Disasters Management Institute (INGC), Maputo, Mozambique
This document discusses policy informatics at a societal scale for massively interactive socially-coupled systems. It argues that policy modeling must be responsive to evidence-based policymaking and end simplistic prediction models. With embedded computing and social networks, individual reasoning is socially influenced. It proposes using synthetic data and simulations of interacting individuals and infrastructure to model these complex systems, while preserving privacy. This would involve generating synthetic populations and networks that represent regional interactions and integrate with built systems.
This document discusses business continuity planning efforts between the public sector, private sector, and government in Greece. It outlines three scenario plans - a terrorist attack on the US Embassy, forest fires in 2007 and 2009, and speculation of Greece exiting the eurozone in 2012. The key things that went well were cross-functional business continuity planning between the different sectors, sharing of critical information, and having a common approach, goals, and interests. This led to improved resilience and preparedness for critical national infrastructure outages. The actors involved were OTE SA as the national telecom provider, COSMOTE SA as a major mobile operator, and the General Secretariat of Civil Protection.
Professor Keith Shaw argues that community resilience should be viewed as a transformational agenda that empowers local communities and promotes social and environmental justice. He emphasizes the importance of human agency, identifying community assets and social capital. True resilience comes from ordinary people innovating in grassroots, bottom-up approaches like Transition Towns, not by imposing solutions from the outside. Nurturing resilience requires facilitating, not commanding, local diversity and allowing communities to develop their own solutions.
Keynote "The System Approach in Resiliency"
Dirk Helbing, Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland at the 4th Annual Conference on Community Resiliency
Panel III: "Appropriateness of Resiliency as a National Strategy"
Simin Davoudi, Professor, Environmental Policy and Planning, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
The document discusses the resilient city of the future and the challenges cities face. It notes that cities will see increasing populations and need innovative solutions to issues like energy, transportation, and emissions. Cities will need to invest in resilient infrastructure to withstand events like hurricanes and reduce costs from damage. Integrating smart technologies into areas like buildings, transportation, and the energy grid can help create connected, resilient systems that prioritize things like emergency response and allow for alternatives if parts of the system fail. Public-private partnerships will be important to financing these solutions.
National Disaster Resilience Competition's Resilience Academies - Emerging In...The Rockefeller Foundation
In 2015 The Rockefeller Foundation partnered with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to launch the National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC)
Resilience Academies. Recognizing the salient need to infuse resilience thinking into HUD’s NDRC, these Academies were established to expose state and local governments to new approaches for protecting and promoting the long-term well-being and safety of their communities. A recent independent evaluation of the Academies has provided instructive insights about what works in efforts to build innovative resilience capacity.
This document summarizes the costs of France's nuclear power program from 1970 to 2000. Some key points:
1) France successfully scaled up nuclear power, reaching 80% of electricity from nuclear. This was a substantial, rapid, and systemic increase in nuclear deployment.
2) The program was made possible by a unique institutional framework that allowed for centralized decision making, standardization, and regulatory stability.
3) Despite being the most successful nuclear scale-up, costs still escalated substantially over time. Specific reactor costs increased by more than a factor of three between the first and last generations. Operating costs remained stable.
4) The French case shows that large-scale, complex energy technologies face significant
A Survey on Power Grid Faults and Their Origins: A Contribution to Improving ...Power System Operation
An electrical power grid (EPG) is a dynamical system based on four main operations: generation,
transport, distribution and control [1]. Technological development over the last decade, in particular
with the increased use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), has exposed EPGs to an
all-new set of threats [2]. Like any system, an EPG is not fully fault-proof. A fault can occur at any
point of the grid, whether due to natural causes, operational errors, cyber attacks or physical attacks,
among others causes [3,4].
Whenever there is a fault at any part of the EPG, dierent levels of consequences will be generated
for the grid as a whole. Faults aecting only a small part of the EPG, and with easy and fast resolution,
do not imply a redirection of the energy flow through other transmission lines. However, catastrophic
events may imply the isolation or overloading of other sections of the EPG, due to load redistribution,
which can lead to a cascade failure [5–7]. As an example, extreme weather conditions can aect the EPG
at dierent levels: at system level, where loading on feeders and lines can be aected, or at component
level, aecting their rate of failure [8]. The EPG is undoubtably one of the most critical infrastructures
in any country. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent catastrophic events that can break it down as well
as to improve its capability to recover after any abnormal event [9–11]. This last feature is known as
system resilience.
From the resilience engineering point of view, as Hollnagel pointed out, it is important to predict
when a system fails, and which are the causes that lead it to fail [12]. The trigger that causes a change
in the system, identified as a stressor, is considered one of the resilience indicators [13]. In this work,
stressors will be analyzed and identified, thus contributing to understanding faults and improving the
The landslide consists of rock wedge threatening two roads which are important for local
transportation. The present work encompasses all the components of an early warning system, including
the geological knowledge, the risk scenarios, the kinematic characterization of the landslide, the choice and
installation of the monitoring system, the setting of appropriate alarm levels and the definition of plans of
civil protection. The focus is on practical and logistical issues met in all these phases and the countermeasures adopted. At present the system consists in 13 wire extensometers, 1 thermometer, 1 rain gauge
and 3 cameras. Should a velocity threshold be exceeded by two or more sensors, the attention level would be
entered, causing improved monitoring and surveillance. In case the behaviour of the landslide changes and,
by using expert judgment and forecasting methods, an imminent failure is hinted, then an alarm is issued
and the upper road is closed.
The document summarizes the status of the nuclear industry in Europe after the Fukushima accident in 2011. It discusses the Fukushima accident itself and the safety reassessments conducted across Europe in response. It outlines proposed improvements to nuclear plant safety and provides an overview of the reports issued by national regulators. It also gives updates on nuclear developments and policies in Europe at that time.
The transportation system in Istanbul prone to earthquake
Definitions, Systemic vulnerability, Focus on transportation system, Istanbul Case Study: Hazard, Istanbul Case Study:Vulnerability in general; Istanbul Case Study: Social vulnerability; Current awareness and preparedness of earthquake risk; Istanbul Case Study: Systemic vulnerability – Transportation system in Istanbul prone to earthquake risk.
Dr Sarah Dunn, Lecturer in Structural Engineering, Newcastle University, UK visited SMART Infrastructure Facility on Friday, August 21st 2015. During her visit, Dr Dunn presented a summary of her research as part of the SMART Seminar Series.
A Review Paper On Nuclear S Power Plants SafetyDaphne Smith
The document discusses security measures at nuclear power plants in India, outlining how plants are designed, constructed, and operated according to strict quality and security standards set by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. It also examines radiological protection of workers, radioactive waste control, safety evaluations, and aging infrastructure issues to ensure nuclear power generation remains safe. While nuclear power poses some risks, the document argues that with proper regulation and precautions, it can be a safe and important source of electricity for India.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Traditionally, the performance of critical infrastructure
(e.g., power grid, telecommunication or water supply
systems) has been analysed by classical risk assessment
methods for their safe and reliable design and operation
(Linkov et al., 2014). This approach allows responding
adequately to known and credible hazards and threats.
However, more recently it has become apparent that
additional efforts and considerations are needed beyond
the well-established state-of-the-art to ensure efficient
recovery from low-probability high-impact disruptive
events (Panteli & Mancarella, 2015). As a consequence,
increased attention is given worldwide to the resilience
of infrastructure systems, which is considered a key
property to adequately deal with disruptions, i.e., natural
and man-made disasters (i.e., technical, human and
organizational factors and intentional attacks) (Jackson,
2015). This view is strongly supported by the notion that
not all hazards and threats can be averted (Cimellaro,
2016), as major disasters repeatedly demonstrated in the
past decades (Garrick, 2008; Zio & Aven, 2013). Wellknown
examples include the September 11 terrorist
attacks in 2001, hurricane Katrina in 2005, the blackouts
in North America (2003) (Andersson et al., 2005), India
(2012) (Tang et al., 2012), and Turkey (2015) (European
Enhancing Resilience of Transportation Networks A Topological Analysis of Ext...ijtsrd
In light of the escalating frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events, evaluating and improving the resilience of transportation networks has become paramount for sustainable infrastructure development. This investigation presents a comprehensive methodology to assess network resilience and compare measures across different systems, considering both existing and upgraded infrastructure. The current prevailing uncertainty surrounding extreme climatic events often compels transportation agencies to resort to over engineered designs or, regrettably, to disregard necessary preparations due to the exorbitant costs associated with potential hazards. However, armed with pertinent data derived from this study, decision makers and legislators can make informed choices in allocating resources efficiently to critical locations, thereby enabling a more feasible and well considered response to climatic hazards. By leveraging hurricane storm surge simulation results, transportation agencies can accurately identify the most critical network components responsible for maintaining seamless network flow. Rather than undertaking a complete and expensive system overhaul, agencies can now prioritize targeted replacements and structural updates with ease. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the identification of network nodes that are most vulnerable to specific hazards, enabling planners to incorporate these vulnerabilities into long term planning strategies. The research underscores the effectiveness of utilizing topological graph properties to track network response, making it a valuable tool for investigations into the resilience of transportation networks. By examining the nodes most impacted by the envelope simulation, planners can develop strategies that integrate and mitigate these vulnerabilities, thereby enhancing the overall resilience of the transportation system. Ali Raza | Dr. Esar Ahmad "Enhancing Resilience of Transportation Networks: A Topological Analysis of Extreme Climatic Events" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59719.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/59719/enhancing-resilience-of-transportation-networks-a-topological-analysis-of-extreme-climatic-events/ali-raza
The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) provides criteria for rating events associated with radioactive material to communicate their safety significance to the public. INES ratings are based on three criteria: impact on people and the environment, radiological barriers and controls, and degradation of defense in depth protections. Higher level events involve more significant radioactive releases or damage to fuel and barriers. The defense in depth strategy uses multiple layers of safety systems so that failure of one is compensated by others to prevent harm.
FORTE-Seismic risk assessment of industrial plants a case study-ID1277-IDRC20...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
This document discusses cascading disasters and critical infrastructure. It begins with an overview of cascading disasters as events with primary impacts that lead to secondary impacts through interconnected vulnerabilities and escalation points. The document then discusses critical infrastructure and how the failure of critical systems like power, water, and communications can cascade and impact other sectors. It emphasizes that cascading disasters involve long chains of consequences and that risk analysis should consider escalation points and worst-case scenarios. The goal is to understand these complex events in order to enhance resilience and protection of critical infrastructure.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
System shock analysis and complex network effectsKimmo Soramaki
Joint presentation with Michelle Tuveson and Dr Andrew Coburn from Cambridge Risk Center at the Conference Board Global Risk Conference in New York, 8 May 2013.
Links to conference website: http://www.conference-board.org/conferences/conferencedetail.cfm?conferenceid=2456
System operators face a proliferation of power electronics
interfaced devices such as HVDC transmission lines,
wind and solar generation in their grids. Depending on
the jurisdiction, the instantaneous share of electrical
energy produced from renewable energy sources
occasionally reaches 150%. However, to operate a power
system with sustained high levels of renewable energy,
several operational challenges need to be addressed. The
goal of this survey paper, which is one of the products
of CIGRE joint working group C2/B4.38, is to identify
such challenges. To this extend, extensive literature
review and survey among and discussions with system
operators throughout the world were performed.
This paper identified several operational challenges that
were validated by system operators. These challenges
are grouped in the following three categories: (i) new
behavior of the power system, (ii) new operation of the
power system and (iii) lack of voltage and frequency
support. For each of the identified challenge, a
description, practical examples and relevant references
are provided.
The document provides an overview of major grid blackouts around the world since 1965. It analyzes the August 14, 2003 blackout in the Northeast United States and Canada in detail. For this blackout: High temperatures and power transfers stressed the grid. Key generator and transmission outages weakened the system. Voltage levels sagged due to high reactive power demand and insufficient reserves. Together these pre-existing system conditions made the grid vulnerable to cascading failures when additional disturbances occurred.
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Wolfgang Kröger - Reflections focused on the electric power supply system
1. Panel I: International Disaster and Risk
Reduction, Sustainability and Resilience
1Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference
Reflections focused on the electric power supply system
Wolfgang Kröger, Professor ETH, Executive Director, ETH Risk Center
4th Conference on Community Resilience, Davos, August 2013
August 29, 2013 | Davos
2. The Synchronized European Grid (ENTSO-E)
2Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference
Main goal: Secure (amount, quality), sustainable, and affordable power supply
Sum of physical energy flows
between ENTSO-E countries:
370786 GWh (2011)
Source: ENTSO-E Statistical Yearbook 2011
August 29, 2013 | Davos
3. Operation of systems beyond original design parameters (high transborder
flows, integration of wind power, etc.)
Malfunction of critical equipment and adverse behavior of protective devices;
insufficient system automation in some cases (poor investment)
Lack of situational awareness and short-term emergency preparedness
Limited real time system monitoring beyond TSO1) control area and weak
cross-border coordination in case of contingencies
Inadequacy of N-1 security criterion, of its implementation/evaluation
1) Transmission System Operator
„Soft factors“ dominate and cannot be ignored
In general, “there is a growing recognition that tragic accidents and
catastrophic failures can be traced back to organizational factors that
create conditions that invite disaster” (Madni & Jackson, 2009)
Common Patterns of Recent Major Blackouts
Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference 3August 29, 2013 | Davos
4. Concept of Resilience | Still Evolving
Concept has been developed and explored in various fields;
no commonly accepted definition, in general
“the ability of a system or a system-of-systems to resist/absorb initial
adverse effects of a disruptive (shocking or creeping) internal or external
event/force (stressor) and the time/speed at which it is able to return to an
appropriate functionality/equilibrium”.
The system boundary needs to be fixed, can be narrow (technical) or
wide (socio-technical), depending on the objectives of study.
Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference 4 4August 29, 2013 | Davos
5. Resilience Response Behavior of a Self-Organizing System
to Endogenous or Exogenous Disruptions
Four essential patterns, (1) absorbing a shock without collapsing, (2) recovering from a shock to gain
structure, functions and essential feedback loops again, (3) adapting through self-organization and
learning, and (4) eventually transforming into a different system by altering structures, functions and feedback
loops.
Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference 5 5August 29, 2013 | Davos
6. The public regards electricity as common good and lacks awareness of
increasing blackout risks.
The ENTSO1)-E grid is facing major changes in power generation
(intermittency), structure (competitive internal market, new consumer
types), technology and preferences (smartness, decentralization) as well
as a broadened set of hazards (climate change) and threats (cyber).
Resilience is a promising concept asking for concretization (e.g. perfor-
mance measures); it allows to widen the views (from pure prevention and
mitigation) and objectives (from purely technical to socio-organizational-
technical).
ENTSO-E shall be the suitable organization for developing codes and
standards while EU directives shall provide the regulatory framework.
1) European Network of Transmission System Operators responsible for ensuring security of
supply
Statements (I)
6Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference
7. Methods to quantify “resilience” and provide guiding principles are still at
their infancy and call for fostered research. Principles beyond question:
Avoid system collapse and cascades, include other than technical
factors.
Strive for robust topology, avoid operating the system at its limits, include
“all hazards & treats”.
Do not use the public internet, unless more secure, for any function vital
to the control of the system.
Raise awareness that systems may fail, optimise preparations of
recovery measures (rapidity, costs).
“Outage curves”, i.e. frequency, size and duration of blackouts, and
established target lines are considered worth pursuing.
Statements (II)
7Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference
8. 8Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference
Thank you for your attention!
August 29, 2013 | Davos
9. Blackout
Loss
[GW]
Duration
[h]
People
affected
Main causes
Aug. 14, 2003 Great Lakes, NYC ~ 60 ~ 16 50 Mio
Inadequate right-of-way maintenance, EMS failure, poor coordination
among neighbouring TSOs
Aug. 28, 2003 London 0,72 1 500´000 Incorrect line protection device setting
Sept. 23, 2003 Denmark / Sweden 6,4 ~ 7 4,2 Mio Two independent component failures (not covered by N-1 rule)
Sept. 28, 2003 Italy ~ 30 up to 18 56 Mio
High load flow CH-I, line flashovers, poor coordination among
neighbouring TSOs
July 12, 2004 Athens ~ 9 ~ 3 5 Mio Voltage collapse
May 25, 2005 Moscow 2,5 ~ 4 4 Mio Transformer fire, high demand leading to overload conditions
June 22, 2005
Switzerland
(railway supply)
0.2 ~ 3
200´000
passengers
Non-fulfilment of the N-1 rule, wrong documentation of line
protection settings, inadequate alarm processing
Aug. 14, 2006 Tokyo ? ~ 5
0.8 Mio
households
Damage of a main line due to construction work
Nov. 4, 2006
Western Europe (planned
line cut off)
~ 14 ~ 2
15 Mio.
households
High load flow D-NL, violation of the N-1 rule, poor inter-TSO
coordination
Nov. 10, 2009 Brazil, Paraguay ~14 ~4 60 Mio
Short circuit on key power line due to bad weather,
Itaipu hydro (18 GW) shut down
March 11,
2011
Northern Honshu 41 days Grid destruction by earthquake & tsunami/supply gap
Electric Power Supply System | Learning from Major Blackouts
Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference 9
10. General Layout of SCADA System
HMI – Human-Machine Interface PLC – Programmable Logic Controllers
M/RTU – Master/Remote Terminal Unit IED – Intelligent Electronic Devices
Panel I | 4th Resiliency Conference
Editor's Notes
An unprecedented complexity in an ever-increasing interconnected world.Our society is confronted by risks of very different types (economics, environmental, political, etc.).A new dimension of re-emerging systemic risks (with 1 or 2 examples). As footnote: “systemic risks”: depicting the embeddedness of any risk to human health and the environment in a larger context of social, financial and economic consequences and increased interdependencies both across risks and between their various backgrounds.Widening gap between engineering and operating complex systems.Fragmentation of research fields, need for the development of cross-disciplinary new methods and tools.
Die herausgearbeiteten gemeinsamen Ursachenmuster weisen darauf hin, dass die Systeme oft jenseits der ursprünglichen Auslegung betrieben wurden und werden, dass Fehlverhalten der Technik eine Rolle gespielt hat, aber auch ein Mangel an Investitionen deutlich wurde und dass vor allem „weiche Faktoren“ wie Mangel an situativem Bewusstsein, innerer Vorbereitung und Koordination über Grenzen hinweg bei der Modellierung und Analyse/Simulation zu berücksichtigen sind.
Lassen Sie mich nun von der recht überschaubaren Analyse einer komplizierten Einzelanlage übergehen auf die Modellierung komplexer Netzwerke wie Stromübertragungssysteme. Hier lehrt uns eine recht lange Liste aufgetretener, unterschiedlich verlaufener Stromausfälle, worauf wir dabei zu achten haben.