This document defines vitamins, describes the different types including their sources and functions. It discusses vitamin toxicities and provides examples of common multivitamin tablets containing combinations of vitamins. The main types described are lipid soluble vitamins A, D, E, K and water soluble B complex and C vitamins. The document outlines several brand name multivitamin products and their ingredients.

1. vitamins
Prepared by
Shivanee vyas (m.pharmacy)

2. content
Definition
Types of vitamins
Vitamin toxicities
Multivitamins tablet

3. Definition:
Vitamin are chemically organic
substance that are essential in small
amount to maintain normal metabolic
function.
Vitamin are obtained from food,
generally not synthesized in the body.

4. Types of vitamins
Lipid soluble vitamins :
those vitamin which are soluble in lipid is
known as lipid soluble vitamin.
Example: vitamin A , D ,E, and ,K
• Water soluble vitamins:
those vitamins which are soluble in water
is known as water soluble vitamins.
Example: vitamins B complex and vitamin c

5. Lipid soluble vitamins
Vitamin A:
It is also known as RETINOL.
Source:
It is found in milk, butter, cod liver oil,
It is also found in yellow vegetables and
crop like maize , carrot, papaya and
Green leafy vegetables .

6. Physiological function:
 It is essential for normal growth.
 It is the component of retinol pigment
rhodopsin & iodopsin.
Deficiency:
 night blindness, xerophthalmia,
 slow growth.
Selected interaction: oral anti-
Coagulant , large vitamin A dose

7. Vitamin D:
 IT is also known as CALCIFEROL and
ANTIRACHITIC.
SOURCES: Butter, egg yolk,
milk ,Exposure of skin to sun light .
Physiological function:
Facilited absorbtion of calcium &
Phosphorus by intestine & their
Retention .

8. Deficiency:
 Rickets in child.
 Osteomalacia in adult.
 Dental carries.
Selected interaction:
Phenitoin, Phenobarbital,
Treat patient with calcitriol.

9. Vitamin E
 IT is also known as alpha TOCOFEROL or
FERTILITY VITAMIN.
SOURCES : Leafy vegetable,
Whole cereals grain, corn oil ,
Vegetable oil.
Physiological function:
It prevent damage of plasma membrane
Maintain normal function of reproductive
organ, muscle & heart.

10. Deficiency:
 Anaemia
 Reproductive failure
 Muscular dystrophy
Selected interaction:
Oral anticoagulants.
Iron therapy

11. Vitamin k
 It is also known as ANTIHAEMORRHAGIC
vitamin Or
PHYLLOQUINON .
SOURCES : Green leafy
vegetables
Produced by intestinal bacteria
Physiological function:
Synthesis of prothombin.

12. Deficiency :
• Prolonged bleeding or HAEMORRHAGES
• gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Selected interaction:
• Oral anticoagulants
• Vitamin K rich diet.

13. Water soluble vitamins
B complex
Vitamin B1:
it is also known as THIAMINE
& ANTINEURITIC .
SOURCES: outer cover of cereals,
milk, meat, yeast, groundnut

14. Physiological function
 It is act as co-enzyme & form thiamine
pyrophosphate (TPP), required for respiration
 Growth of neuron & muscle.
Deficiency: beriberi
SELECTED INTERECTION
unstable in neutral and
Alkaline solution

15. Vitamin B2
 It is also known as RIBOFLAVIN
SOURCES: milk, egg, green leafy
vegetable, pulses
Physiological function: it is
essential for growth, act as coenzyme
Maintain normal healthy skin.

16. deficiency:
 Cheilosis, keratitis
 Eye inflamation
 Glossitis.

17. Vitamin B3
 IT is also known as NIACINE.
 SOURCES: whole grain, fish, green vegetable
It is synthesized from the amino acid
Physiological function:
Act as coenzyme (NAD), (NADP)
Act as hydrogen donor& acceptor
in respiration.

18. Deficiency:
 Pellagra
 Hartnups disease
 Canine black tongue disease.

19. Vitamin B5
 It is also known as PANTHOTHENIC ACID.
 SOURCES:
 various food stuffs like yeast, milk ,liver, honey,
wheat germs .
Physiological function:
 It act as coenzyme
 Required for synthesis of
 Acetylcholine.

20. Deficiency:
 Burning feet syndrome
 Insomnia
 Muscle weakness
 G.I.T disorder

21. Vitamin B6
 It is also known as PYRIDOXINE
 SOURCES: nuts, meat, whole grain, milk
Intestinal bacteria
Physiological function:
Act as coenzyme & form
pyridoxal phosphate, req. For the
metabolism of amino acid
Maintain nervous sys.

22. Deficiency:
 Skin lesions
 CNS disorder
 It can also lead pellagra .
 Convulsion
Selected interaction:
 Isoniazid
 Phenitoin
 Oral contraceptives

23. Vitamin B7
 It is also known as BIOTIN/ANTI-EGG WHITE INJURY
FACTOR.
 SOURCES: fresh fruit & vegetable, honey, egg
yolk, milk.
Physiological function:
 Act as coenzyme & involve in
different type of metabolic reaction

24. Deficiency:
 Hair loss
 Skin lesions
 Weakness
 Loss of muscular control

25. Vitamin B9/ B10
 It is also known as FOLIC ACID OR
PTEROYL-GLUTAMIC ACID .
 SOURCES: mushroom, yeast, liver,
green vegetable.
Physiological function:
 It form a coenzyme which help DNA
 & RNA synthesis
 Growth & maturation of RBC

26. DEFICIENCY:
 Megaloblastic anaemia.
 Diarrhoea, sour mouth.
Selected interaction:
 Methotrexate, phenitoin
 Timethoprim pyrimethamine
 Folic acid antagonist rarely
 produce anaemia with high dose

27. Vitamin B12
 It is also known as CYANOCOBALAMIN.
SORCES: meat, egg, fish, other dairy product,
spirulina (algae).
Physiological function:
 It perform major function by
 acting
coenzyme
For synthesis of nucleic acid.
Maturation of RBC & proper growth.

28. Deficiency:
 Megaloblastic anaemia
 Glossitis
 Neurologic degeneration(deficiency
prolonged & sever).
Selected interaction:
Alcohol
amino salicylic acid.

29. Vitamin C
 IT is also known as ASCORBIC ACID.
SORCES: It is mainly found in
citrus fruit like lemon , orange,
amla, tomato, green vegetable.
Physiological function:
 Formation of normal collegen ,
 bone matrix ,healthy gums and teeth,
 absorption of iron
 It has antioxidant property
 Help in wound healing.

30. Deficiency:
 Scurvy
 Loose & falling teeth
 Bone weakness
 Delayed wound healing
 Nervous disorder
Selected interaction:
 Testape, clinistix
 Phenothiazines

31. VITAMIN DAILY
REQ.
Medicine
A 2 mg lycoshine
D 0.01 mg calcimax fort
E 20 mg evione 200
K .1 mg ampro vit
B1 1.5 mg
acidophilus

32. B3
B5 10 mg b complex
B6 2 mg proferric
B7 0.3 mg b complex
B9/B10
0.4 mg folic acid 5 mg
bp
B12 0.003 mg nutra bulk
C 50mg limcee

33. Toxicities:
Vit. A : severe headache, dizziness,
drowsiness (6-8hr), redness & swelling of skin
(12-20hr).
Vit. D: Initially: weakness, fatigue, dry mouth
Prolonged: deposition of cal. Salt in soft tissue
Vit.k: death occurred after 4 administration of
phytonadione. large dose of meanadione or its
derivatives cause haemolytic anaemia .

34. Vit.E :NAUSEA, FLATURENCE,DIARRHOEA.
VIT. B1: ORALLY: non- toxic
Parentally: itching, rare anaphylactic reaction,
pain .
VIT. B3: headache, abnormal liver function,
hyperuricemia.
Vit. B6: nontoxic, transient induce pyridoxine
dependency(200mg daily for 1 month).
Vit.C: diarrhoea, headache, serious toxicity
uncommon.

35. Multivitamin tablet
 Drug: vitamins
 Brand name: becosule capsule.
 Company: Pfizer
 Ingredients:
cal. Pantothenate 50 mg
Vit b12 15 mcg
Folic acid 1.5 mg
Vit b1 10 mg
Vit b2 10mg
Vit b6 3mg
Vit c 150mg
Niacinamide 100mg
Biotin 100mcg

36. Drug :vitamins
 Brand name : revital
 Company: Ranbaxy
 Ingredients:
vit a 2000 iu
Vit b1 1.39 mg
Vit b2 1.8 mg
Vit b3 12 mg
Vit b5 9.66 mg
Vit b6 0.99 mg
Vit b12 1 mcg
Vit c 40 mg
Vit d 350 iu
Vit e 5.92
Vit e folic acid 0.2

37. Drug: vitamin
 Brand name :beplex forte tablet
 Company: Anglo French
 Ingredients:
Vit b1 10 mg
Vit b2 10 mg
Vit b6 3 mg
Folic acid 1.5 mg
Vit c 150 mg
Vit b12 15 mcg
Biotin 260 mcg
Nicotinic acid 25 mg
Niacinamide 75 mg
Cal pantothenate 50 mg

38. Drug: vitamin
 Brand name: supradyn
 Company: Abbott health care
 Ingredients:
 Ascorbic acid 150 mg
 Biotin 0.25 mg
 Vit a 1000 iu
 Vit b1 10 mg
 Vit b12 15 mg
 Vit b2 10 mg
 Vit b6 3 mg
 Vit d 1000 iu
 Vit e 25 mg

39. drug Brand name Company
vitamin bevone Zuventus health care ltd
vitamin heifer Alkem laboratories Ltd
vitamin Becozym c forte Abbott health care
vitamin Irona -xt Bio science health care
vitamin dexorange Franco Indian
vitamin zincovit apex
vitamin zentop Coral laboratories Ltd
vitamin Polybion sf Merck limited
vitamin nurokind Mankind pharmaceutical
PvT Ltd
vitamin Lykofit -x Unit biotech