Introduction, Water soluble vitamins ,B complex vitamins, Thiamine, Riboflavin ,Niacin ,Pyridoxine ,Folic acid ,Pantothenic acid ,Cyanocobalamin Ascorbic acid

1. Water soluble vitamins
(B complex vitamins)
BY
SHAIKH SANIYA
M. PHARMACY

2. Content
1. Water soluble vitamins
2. B complex vitamins
a. Thiamine
b. Riboflavin
c. Niacin
d. Pyridoxine
e. Folic acid
f. Pantothenic acid
g. Cyanocobalamin
h. Ascorbic acid

3. Water soluble vitamins
A vitamin that can dissolve in water. Water-
soluble vitamins are carried to the body's tissues
but are not stored in the body.
 They are found in plant and animal foods or
dietary supplements and must be taken in daily.
Any excess of water-soluble vitamins is quickly
excreted in urine and will rarely accumulate to
toxic levels.

4. B complex vitamins
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play
important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells.
Vitamin B complex helps prevent infections and helps support or
promote: cell health. growth of red blood cells.
These include thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2),
niacin (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine
(vitamin B6), biotin, folic acid and the cobalamins (vitamin B12).

5. Thiamine (vitamin B1 )

6. 1.Thiamine
It is first water soluble vitamin.
Thiamine is vitamin B1. Thiamine is found in foods such as cereals, whole grains,
meat, nuts, beans, and peas.
Thiamine is important in the breakdown of carbohydrates from foods into products
needed by the body.

7. Physical properties
1. It is Colorless crystals or white crystalline powder
2. It has characteristic odor.
3. It is Soluble in water.
4. Its aqueous solution is most stable at pH 2 and stability decreases with increase in pH .
5. It is unstable at pH at 5
Stability and storage
It is oxidized on exposure to air
It is stored in tightly closed containers and light resistant containers

8. Uses
It is used to treat beriberi in main and polyneuritis in birds
It involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine.

9. 2.Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B₂, is a vitamin found
in food and used as a dietary supplement.
Riboflavin is a vitamin that is needed for growth and
overall good health. It helps the body break down
carbohydrates, proteins and fats to produce energy, and it
allows oxygen to be used by the body.

10. Stability and storage
Dry riboflavin is not affected by diffused light but in solution it is decomposed by presence of
alkali.
It is stored in tightly closed containers and light resistant containers
Uses
It is used to treat ariboflavinosis

11. 3.Niacin
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic
compound and a form of vitamin B₃, an essential human
nutrient.
1. It is white crystalline powder.
2. It is odorless
3. It is acidic taste
4. Soluble in boiling water.

12. Stability and storage
Niacin is most stable vitamin and is not destroyed by heating in acid or alkaline solution.
It is stored in tightly closed containers and light resistant containers
USES
1. It is used for prophylaxis and treatment of pellagra.
2. It is used to treat acute exacerbation of pellagra.
3. It is used to treat peripheral vascular disease.

13. 4.Pyridoxine
1. Pyridoxine is vitamin B6.
2. Vitamins occur naturally in foods such as meat, poultry, nuts, whole grains, bananas, and avocados.
3. Vitamin B6 is important for many processes in the body.
4. Pyridoxine is used to treat or prevent vitamin B6 deficiency. It is also used to treat a certain type of
anemia
Properties
It is white crystalline powder.
It is odorless
It has bitter taste
Soluble in water

14. Uses
It is used to treat
a. Epilepsy
b. Hydrochronic anemia
c. Nausea during pregnancy
d. To get relief from depression
e. Megaloblastic anemia
f. Peripheral neuritis
Dosage form: pyridoxine tablets

15. Folic acid

16. 5. Folic acid
Folate, also known as vitamin B₉ and folacin, is one of the B vitamins.
Folic acid is a type of B vitamin that is normally found in foods such as dried beans,
peas, lentils, oranges, whole-wheat products, liver, asparagus, beets, broccoli, brussels
sprouts, and spinach.
Folic acid helps your body produce and maintain new cells, and also helps prevent
changes to DNA that may lead to cancer.

17. Properties
It is an orange yellow microcrystalline powder.
Odorless and tasteless
Insoluble in water
Soluble in dilute alkali hydroxides and carbonate solution
Stability and storage:
It is affected by light and atmosphere
It is stored in tightly closed containers and light resistant containers

18. Uses
It is used
1. In synthesis of DNA
2. To treat megaloblastic anemia
3. For normal production of RBC
4. To treat deficiency syndrome
5. To treat mental deterioration due to its deficiency.

19. 6.Panthothenic acid
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5 is a water-soluble B vitamin and therefore an
essential nutrient.
Properties
Pantothenic acid is optically active
White powder
Odorless and bitter taste
It is slightly hygroscopic
Water soluble

20. Stability and storage
It is stable in air but is slightly hydroscopic .
It is unstable to acid , bases and heat.
It is stored in tight closed containers and light resistant containers
Uses
1. To release energy from carbohydrate
2. For degradation and metabolism of fatty acids
3. In synthesis of steroids and steroid hormones.
4. In its deficiency symptoms like neurological disorders, headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbance,
nausea and vomiting.

21. Cyanocobalamins

22. 7.Cyanocobalamin (vitaminB12 )
Vitamin B₁₂, also known as cobalamin
It is a water-soluble vitamin
It contains cobalt to which cyano group is covalently.
It is composed of two heterocyclic systems.

23. Sources
Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products, including fish, meat, eggs, milk,
and milk products.

24. Properties
It occurs as dark red crystals or crystalline powder.
It is Odorless
Tasteless
It is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in alcohol.

25. Stability and storage
It is hygroscopic and is affected by light.
It is stored in tightly closed containers and light resistant containers

26. Uses
It is used to treat pernicious anemia and its
neurological disorder.
 It is used to treat macrocyclic anemia.
It is used to treat neuroblastoma in children.
It is used to treat megaloblastic anemia.
Dosage form: Cyanocobalamin injection

27. Vitamin H

28. 8.Biotin
Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin.
It's also known as vitamin H.
biotin helps to convert certain nutrients into energy.
It also plays an important role in the health of your hair, skin, and nails.
A biotin deficiency can lead to brittle nails.
 taking supplements that contain biotin could improve the strength of their nails.
Biotin deficiencies are relatively rare, but they can cause skin, hair, and nail problems.

29. Sources
•organ meats, such as liver and kidney
•yeast
•egg yolks
•cheese
•legumes, such as soybeans and peanuts
•leafy greens
•cauliflower
•mushrooms
•nuts and nut butters

30. Uses

31. Ascorbic acid

32. Ascorbic acid
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that's found in many foods,
particularly fruits and vegetables. It's well known for being a potent antioxidant

33. Sources

34. Properties
It occurs as colorless crystals or white or pale yellow crystalline powder.
Odorless
Acidic taste
Soluble in water and alcohol
Stability and storage
It darkens slowly when exposed to air.
It is stored in tight closed containers and light resistant containers

35. Uses
It is used to prevent and treat scurvy.
It is used to maintaining healthy skin, blood vessels, bones and cartilage.
It promotes healing of wounds and fractures
it is used as antioxidants

36. Dosage forms
Tablets
Injections
Capsules

39. Thankyou !