This document discusses vitamins, including their functions, sources, deficiencies, and excesses. It covers the 13 major vitamins: fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K and water-soluble vitamins in the B complex (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folate, B12, pantothenic acid, biotin) and vitamin C. Each vitamin is described in terms of its roles in the body, common food sources, deficiency and excess symptoms. The document emphasizes that a balanced diet can provide sufficient vitamins for most people and that vitamin supplements cannot treat or cure diseases.
Report about some facts about vitamin B complex and the importance, origin, signs and symptoms of deficiency and food sources of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), Vitamin B6 (pyrodixine), and Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), It also has very detailed origin on how each vitamin was discovered
Report about some facts about vitamin B complex and the importance, origin, signs and symptoms of deficiency and food sources of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), Vitamin B6 (pyrodixine), and Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), It also has very detailed origin on how each vitamin was discovered
a ppt about vitamins especially about vitamin b9 or folate or folic acid
this is definitely helpful for medical students
prepared based on their characteristics
a ppt about vitamins especially about vitamin b9 or folate or folic acid
this is definitely helpful for medical students
prepared based on their characteristics
This presentation is ment to train Paramedicals & persons seeking health information. It is enjoyable to learn What & How about Vitamin A & its Role in Human Body. it educate general people in very palatable forms.
Antibiotics,antibiotics resistances,classification of antibiotics,misuse of antibiotics details discussed here. for more information visit my blog helpful for pharmacy and medical student.thanks.
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Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities, their deficiency causes diseases.
Biochemist Casimir Funk discovered vitamin B1 in 1912 in rice bran.
It cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism and must be obtained from the diet.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Vitamins
1.
2. Objectives
7-2
State one or more functions of each of
the 13 vitamins discussed.
Identify at least two food sources of each
of the vitamins discussed.
Identify some symptoms of, or diseases
caused by, deficiencies of the vitamins
discussed.
4. Vitamin Types (13)
Fat-soluble (4): A, D, E, K
Water-soluble (9):
7-4
Vitamin C
Vitamin B complex which
includes: thiamin (B1),
riboflavin (B2), niacin,
vitamin B6, folate, vitamin
B12 (cobalamin), pantothenic
acid, biotin
5. Vitamin Deficiency
People prone to vitamin deficiency:
7-5
Alcoholics
Poor and incapacitated elderly
Clients with serious diseases that affect
appetite
Mentally retarded
Children receiving inadequate care
Individuals with malabsorption disease
6. •
Match the following terms with the correct
definition.
1. Avitaminosis
2. Hypervitaminosis
b. Without vitamins
3. Vitamin supplement
7-8
7-6
a. Concentrated form of
vitamins
c. Condition caused by
ingestion of excess
vitamins
7. Avoiding Vitamin Loss
7-7
Buy fresh, unbruised
vegetables and fruits and use
them raw when possible.
Prepare fresh vegetables and
fruits just before serving.
Heat canned vegetables
quickly and in their own liquid.
Follow package directions
when cooking frozen
vegetables or fruit.
(continues)
8. (continued)
Avoiding Vitamin Loss
7-8
Steam, or use as little
water as possible.
Cover pan and cook
for a short period of
time.
Save cooking liquid
for soups, stews, and
gravy.
Store fruits and
vegetables in a cool,
dark place.
9. Fat-Soluble Vitamins
7-9
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Not lost easily in
cooking
Lost when mineral oil is
ingested
Excess amounts are
stored in the liver.
Deficiencies are slow
to appear.
10. Vitamin A
Preformed
Provitamin A carotenoids
7-10
Retinol: the active form of vitamin A
Beta carotene, lutein, lycopene, and
zeaxanthin
Inactive form of vitamin A found in plants;
converted to retinol
11. Functions of Vitamin A
7-11
Maintains healthy eyes and skin
Normal bone growth and reproduction
Healthy immune system
Antioxidants that protect cells from free
radicals
12. Sources of Vitamin A
Preformed vitamin A (retinol)
Beta carotene
7-12
Fat-containing animal foods:
liver, butter, cream, whole
milk, cheese, egg yolk
Carrots, sweet potatoes,
spinach, broccoli, pumpkin,
squash, mango, and
cantaloupe
13. •
Excess
7-18
7-13
Birth defects, hair
loss, dry skin,
headaches, nausea,
dry mucous membranes, liver
damage, and bone
and joint pain
•
Deficit
Night blindness, dry,
rough skin,
increased
susceptibility to
infections, and
blindness or
xerophthalmia
14. Vitamin D
7-14
Prohormone: it is converted to a hormone
in the body
D2 (ergocalciferol) is formed in plants.
D3 (cholecalciferol) is formed in humans
from cholesterol in the skin.
15. Functions of Vitamin D
7-15
Promotes calcium and phosphorus
absorption in the body
Values are given in micrograms or in
international units.
16. Sources of Vitamin D
7-16
Sunlight: changes
provitamin to vitamin D3
Food sources: milk, fish
liver oils, egg yolk,
butter, and fortified
margarine
Most milk in the U.S.
has 10 µg of vitamin D
concentrate added per
quart.
17. •
Excess
Deposits of calcium
and phosphorus in
soft tissues, kidney,
and heart damage,
and bone fragility
•
Deficit
7-23
7-17
Poor bone and tooth
formation, rickets
which causes
malformed bones
and pain in infants
Osteomalacia
(softening of bones)
Osteoporosis (brittle,
porous bones)
19. Functions of Vitamin E
7-19
Antioxidant
Prevention of hemolytic anemia among
premature infants
Enhances immune system
Retards spoilage of commercial foods
20. Sources of Vitamin E
7-20
Vegetable oils: corn,
soybean, safflower, and
cottonseed, and
products made from
them, such as
margarine
Wheat germ, nuts, and
green leafy vegetables
The U.S. diet is thought
to contain sufficient
vitamin E.
22. Vitamin K
7-22
Made up of several compounds essential
to blood clotting
Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone)
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone)
Synthetic vitamin K (menadione)
Vitamin K is destroyed by light and
alkalis.
23. Functions of Vitamin K
Formation of prothrombin for clotting of
blood
Candidates likely to receive vitamin K
7-23
Newborns immediately after birth
Clients who suffer from faulty fat absorption
After extensive antibiotic therapy
Antidote for an overdose of anticoagulant or
treatment of hemorrhage
24. Sources of Vitamin K
7-24
Green leafy vegetables such
as broccoli, cabbage, spinach,
and kale
Dairy products, cow’s milk,
eggs, meats, fruits, and
cereals
Bacteria in small intestine
synthesizes some vitamin K,
but must be supplemented by
dietary sources.
Measured in micrograms
25. •
Excess
7-33
7-25
Anemia can result
from excessive
amounts of synthetic
vitamin K.
•
Deficit
Defective blood
coagulation, which
increases clotting
time and makes
client prone to
hemorrhage.
27. Vitamin B Complex: Thiamin/B 1
7-27
Essential for nerve and
muscle action, and
metabolism of
carbohydrates and
some amino acids
Sources include
unrefined and enriched
cereals, yeast, wheat
germ, lean pork, organ
meats, and legumes
(continues)
28. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: Thiamin/B 1
7-28
Deficiency symptoms include loss of
appetite, fatigue, nervous irritability, and
constipation
Beriberi is a disease caused by extreme
deficiency of vitamin B1
29.
7-29
Vitamin B Complex:
Riboflavin/B 2
Necessary for the
metabolism of
carbohydrates, protein, and
fats; tissue maintenance
(especially the skin around
the mouth); and healthy
eyes
Sources: milk, meats,
poultry, fish, enriched
breads, cereals, broccoli,
spinach, and asparagus
(continues)
30. (continued)
7-30
Vitamin B Complex:
Riboflavin/B 2
Deficiency can cause cheilosis (sores on
the lips and cracks at the corners of the
mouth); glossitis (inflammation of the
tongue); dermatitis; and eye strain in the
form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue
31. Vitamin B Complex: Niacin
7-31
Generic name for nicotinic acid
and nicotinamide
A coenzyme in energy
metabolism
Sources include meats, poultry,
fish, peanuts, and legumes
Milk and eggs are sources of
tryptophan (precursor of niacin)
Measured in niacin equivalents
(NE)
(continues)
32. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: Niacin
7-32
Excessive amounts of niacin can cause
flushing due to vascular dilation,
gastrointestinal problems, itching, and
liver damage.
May be used as a cholesterol-lowering
agent under close supervision of a
physician because of adverse side
effects, which include liver damage and
peptic ulcers
(continues)
33. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: Niacin
7-33
Deficiency symptoms include weakness,
anorexia, indigestion, anxiety, and
irritability.
Pellagra is an extreme deficiency causing
sores on the skin, diarrhea, anxiety,
confusion, irritability, poor memory,
dizziness, and untimely death.
34. Vitamin B Complex: B 6
7-34
Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine
Essential for protein metabolism and
absorption, and aids in the release of
glucose from glycogen
Serves as a catalyst in conversion of
tryptophan to niacin; helps synthesize
neurotransmitters such as serotonin and
dopamine
(continues)
35. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: B 6
7-35
Measured in milligrams
Sources include poultry, fish,
liver, kidney, potatoes,
bananas, spinach, and
unrefined whole grains (oats
and wheat)
Deficiency symptoms include
irritability, depression, and
dermatitis
(continues)
36. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: B 6
7-36
Deficiency in infants can cause various
neurological symptoms and abdominal
problems
Toxicity is rare; may cause temporary
neurological problems
37. Vitamin B Complex: Folate
7-37
Folate, folacin, and folic acid
are chemically similar
compounds, and names are
used interchangeably.
Needed for DNA synthesis,
protein metabolism, and
formation of hemoglobin
Sources include cereals
fortified with folate, green leafy
vegetables, legumes,
sunflower seeds, fruits such
as oranges and strawberries
(continues)
38. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: Folate
7-38
Measured in micrograms
Average adult requires 400
µg/day
600 µg/day required 1 month
before conception through first 6
weeks of pregnancy
Excess can mask vitamin B12
deficiency and inactivates
phenytoin, an anticonvulsant
drug used by epileptics
(continues)
39. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: Folate
7-39
Deficiency linked to neural tube defects in
fetus, such as spina bifida (spinal cord or
spinal fluid bulge through the back) and
anencephaly (absence of the brain).
Other signs include inflammation of
mouth and tongue, poor growth,
depression and mental confusion,
problems with nerve functions, and
megaloblastic anemia.
40. Vitamin B Complex: B 12
7-40
Cobalamin: contains mineral cobalt
Involved in folate metabolism,
maintenance of the myelin sheath, and
healthy red blood cells
To be absorbed, must bind with intrinsic
factor in stomach.
Sources include animal foods, especially
organ meats, lean meat, seafood, eggs,
and dairy products
(continues)
41. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: B 12
7-41
Increased need during pregnancy and
lactation
Deficiency is rare and may be due to
congenital problems of absorption or years
of a vegetarian diet with no animal foods.
42. Vitamin B Complex:
Pantothenic Acid
7-42
Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins
Essential for synthesis of neurotransmitter
acetylcholine, and steroid hormones
Sources include meats, poultry, fish,
eggs, whole-grain cereals, and legumes
Thought to be synthesized by the body
(continues)
43. Vitamin B Complex: Biotin
7-43
Coenzyme in synthesis of fatty acids and
amino acids
Sources include liver, egg yolk, soy flour,
cereals, and yeast
Synthesized in intestine by microorganisms
(continues)
44. (continued)
Vitamin B Complex: Biotin
7-44
Toxicity from excess unknown
Deficiency symptoms include nausea,
anorexia, depression, pallor, dermatitis,
and increase in serum cholesterol
45. Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid
7-45
Has antioxidant properties and protects
food from oxidation
Role in formation of collagen and
absorption of nonheme iron
Prevents scurvy
May be involved with formation or
functioning of norepinephrine, some
amino acids, folate, leukocytes, the
immune system, and allergic reactions
(continues)
46. (continued)
Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid
7-46
Sources include citrus fruits, melon,
strawberries, tomatoes, potatoes, red and
green peppers, cabbage, and broccoli
Stress and cigarette smoking increase
need
47. Vitamin Supplementation
7-47
Balanced diet provides
nutritional needs of healthy
people.
No amount of vitamins will
build muscles.
Vitamins do not provide
energy; they help to release
the energy provided by
nutrients.
Heart disease, cancer, and
the common cold cannot be
cured by vitamin supplements
48. Conclusion
7-48
Organic compounds that regulate body
functions and promote growth
Each vitamin has a specific function.
Well-balanced diet provides sufficient
vitamins to fulfill body requirements.
Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
Water-soluble vitamins: B complex, C
49. Functional Food
Functional food or
medicinal food is any
healthy or fictional food
claimed to have a
health-promoting or
disease-preventing
property beyond the
basic function of
supplying nutrients.
7-49
50. Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are
chemical compounds
such as beta-carotene
that occur naturally in
plants. The term is
generally used to refer
to those chemicals that
may affect health, but
are not yet established
as essential nutrients.
7-50
Editor's Notes
The general category of functional foods includes processed food or foods fortified with health-promoting additives, like "vitamin-enriched" products.
Fermented foods with live cultures are considered as functional foods with probiotic benefits.
While there is abundant scientific and government support for recommending diets rich in fruits and vegetables, there is only limited evidence that health benefits are due to specific phytochemicals.