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Vitamins
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- 2. The term vitaminis derived from the words vital and amine , because vitamins are required for life and were originally thought to be amines. Vitamins are complex organic substances necessary to our diet in small amounts to promote and regulate the chemical reactions and processes (growth, reproduction, and health maintenance) carried out In the human body. Vitamins are called micro nutrients because they are needed in only very small quantities.
- 3. Where are vitaminsfound? We gain most of our vitamins through the food and drink we eat, but we can also obtain vitamins in supplement form. Some examples would be a high level of vitamins C found in oranges and various other citrus fruits. Vegetables are also a good source of naturally occurring vitamins, which is why it pays to have a varied diet to allow for a wide range of nutrients to be absorbed by the body.
- 4. CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS Watersoluble • They can dissolve in water solutions • These are readily excreted from the body • There are 9 water soluble vitamins 1. Vitamin B1 2. Vitamin B2 3. Vitamin B6 4. Vitamin B12 5. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 6. Folic acid 7. Niacin 8. Biotin 9. Pantothenic acid Fat soluble • They can dissolve in lipids solutions • These are absorbed through intestinal track with the help of lipids • There are 4 fat soluble vitamins 1. Vitamin A 2. Vitamin D 3. Vitamin E 4. Vitamin K
- 5. FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS VITAMIN A Functions: •Maintains healthy eyes and skin • Normal bone growth and reproduction • Healthy immune system Deficiency: Night blindness, dry rough skin Sources: • Fat containing animal food( butter ,cream, cheese ,egg yolk) • Carrots, spinach , sweet potatoes VITAMIN D Also known as “sunshine vitamin”. Functions: • Promotes calcium and phosphorous absorption in the body Deficiency: • Rickets (children) • Osteomalacia(adults ) Sources: • Sunlight • Food sources(milk , fish, liver oil...etc)
- 6. How night blindnessoccur Effect of Rickets on bones
- 7. VITAMIN E Functions: • Antioxidant(substancesthat fight off free radicals in the body) • Enhances immune system Deficiency: Serious neurological defects can occur from malabsorption Sources: • Vegetable oils ( corn , sun flower, cotton seed etc) • Wheat germ , nuts and green leafy vegetables VITAMIN K Functions: • Formation of prothrombin for blood clotting • Candidates likely to receive vitamin k 1. Newborns immediately after birth 2. After extensive antibiotic therapy Deficiency: • Defective blood coagulation, which increases clotting time and makes client prone to haemorrhage Sources: • Green leafy vegetables • Dairy products
- 8. VITAMIN B1 (thiamine) Functions: Essentialfor nerve and muscle action, and metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids. Deficiency: • Loss of appetite • Fatigue • nervous irritability Sources: • Unrefined and enriched cereals • Wheat germs • legumes • VITAMIN B2 (riboflavin) Functions: • It is a part of two co enzyme (FAD) and (FMN) which are oxidizing agent. • Helps in the production of healthy red blood cells. Deficiency: • Anemia • Swollen and dark tongue Sources: • Cereal, nuts • milk • eggs • green leafy vegetables WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
- 10. • VITAMIN B3(NIACIN) Functions: • It prevents development of pellagra • Plays an important role in coenzyme NAD, which is very important in metabolism Deficiency: • Leads to pellagra • Muscular weakness • Indigestion Sources: • Dairy • Poultry • Fish • Nuts • eggs • VITAMIN B6 (pyridoxine) Functions: • Maintains healthy brain functions • Helps in formation of red blood cells • The break down of protein and synthesis of antibodies Deficiency: • Weakness • Sleeplessness • Personalities changes Sources: • Beans • Legumes • Fish • Bread • cereals
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- 12. BIOTIN Functions: Participates in reactionin which carbon dioxide is added to a compound Deficiency: • Skin rash • Neurological disorders • Impaired growth Sources: • Whole grains • Egg • Nuts • legumes FOLIC ACID Functions: • Aids in the production of red blood cells • Aids in the synthesis of DNA Deficiency: • Reduce ability to double DNA • anemia Sources: • Dark green leafy vegetables • Fish • Beans • Legumes • Milk and milk products • Citrus fruits
- 13. VITAMIN B12 Functions: • Playsvery important role in metabolism • Red blood cells production • And maintenance of central nervous system Deficiency: • Weakness • Rapid heartbeat and breathing • Pale skin • Sour toung Sources: • Egg • Meat • Poultry • Shellfish • Milk and milk products VITAMIN C (ascorbic acid) Functions: • Most imp function is the synthesis of collagen • Healthy immune system • Helps in wound healing • Aids in iron absorption Deficiency: • Scurvy • Fatigue • Inflammation of gum Sources: • Citrus fruits • Broccoli • Green pepper
- 14. HOW TO OVERCOMEVITAMIN DEFICIENCY Besides taking proper diet which are the main source of vitamins including fruits and vegetables we can also take vitamin supplements (contains one or more dietary ingredient). Vitamin and mineral supplements are types of dietary supplements containing micronutrients meant to help a healthy body function smoothly. Taking vitamins does not make up for an unhealthy diet, and vitamins are an insufficient substitute for nutrients from fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. However, a general multivitamin and mineral supplement can be a good safeguard against periodic vitamin shortfalls in your diet.
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